market

Ancient UK market town full of independent shops is gateway to spectacular drive

It’s the perfect place if you like a combination of adventures and chilling out, taking in the gorgeous scenery.

A historic market town in the UK is definitely worth a visit this spring, as there’s so much to see and do there. It’s ideal for adventure seekers, and those who just want to walk around, eat good food and chill out.

Tregaron is one of Wales’s oldest market towns. It’s home to independent retailers, coffee shops, and the elegant Y Talbot, a grade II-listed hotel, pub, and restaurant, positioned right in the town square’s centre.

From here, you can embark on an exhilarating road trip along a former drover’s track that showcases hairpin turns through wild terrain.

The Abergwesyn Pass is a 20-mile single-track route stretching from Llanwrtyd Wells to Tregaron. Along this isolated road, you’ll encounter a notorious stretch called “The Devil’s Staircase”, reports Wales Online.

This appropriately named portion of the Abergwesyn Pass features hairpin curves and sharp climbs that aren’t suited to anxious motorists.

For adventurous drivers, you’ll love tackling one of Wales’ most isolated countryside regions, encountering sheep, gnarled trees and rocky formations along the way. It’s extremely steep, reaching a maximum gradient of 20.1%, and cuts through thick woodland towards miles of expansive, barren valleys, providing a descent that will push your brakes to their absolute limits.

Drive carefully and enjoy the scenery as you meander through the wilderness of the Cambrian Mountains, where you could potentially encounter nobody throughout your entire journey. You can also tackle this route by bicycle if your legs are ready for the test.

As well as the Abergwesyn Pass, Soar y Mynydd, Wales’ most isolated chapel, is worth the detour. This modest, whitewashed church was constructed in 1822 to minister to an extremely dispersed community of farmers.

Wandering through this tranquil location, you could easily assume the chapel has been deserted for years. Actually, visiting preachers travel from across Wales to hold services in Welsh.

It’s a serene spot for a picnic, as there’s often nobody else there.

Llyn Brianne Reservoir also deserves a stop to witness an enormous dam. You might be surprised to learn that this striking stone-built dam is Britain’s tallest, rising 91 metres (300 ft) above the River Tywi.

Containing an incredible 64 million cubic metres of water at almost 300 metres (990 ft) above sea level is a remarkable engineering achievement. Building work began in October 1968, with the dam constructed from crushed rock, larger stone, and clay sourced from the surrounding area.

After dark, it becomes a stargazing hotspot in the Cambrian Mountains, making it an excellent location for astrophotography.

Further south, beyond Llyn Brianne reservoir, lies the amazing RSPB Gwenffrwd-Dinas reserve. The reserve encompasses vital habitats of oak woodland, wet alder woodland, and scrubland, all defined by heavy rainfall and swift-flowing rivers.

These conditions are ideal for woodland birds, whilst also offering the perfect environment for significant lichens and bryophytes. Whether you begin or finish the route at Tregaron, you should make time to discover this small Welsh-speaking town. Here, you’ll discover a livestock market, the Tregaron Red Kite Centre and Museum, and locally sourced food and cask ales in a beautifully converted 16th-century Welsh inn.

Y Talbot is an independently owned hotel and Michelin Guide-listed restaurant with 2 AA Rosettes. This charming boutique hotel radiates a ‘cosy country inn’ atmosphere with its slate floors and inglenooks.

The location is said to be the final resting place of a circus elephant which perished in 1848 and lies beneath what is currently Y Talbot’s beer garden.

The establishment, run by head chef Dafydd, who trained under Marco Pierre White, showcases regional ingredients, including lamb, beef, and cheeses sourced from the Teifi Valley, fish from Milford Haven, and shellfish from Cardigan Bay.

Close by, you’ll also discover a neglected Welsh abbey where princes lie buried. Strata Florida Abbey near Tregaron is a remarkable location in Wales where history, royalty, and spirituality meet.

Established in 1201 by white-robed Cistercian monks, this hallowed ground was formerly among medieval Wales’s most vital religious and cultural hubs.

It also serves as the burial site of numerous Welsh princes, including the renowned Llywelyn the Great, who famously convened a council here to guarantee his son Dafydd’s position as the legitimate successor to the Welsh throne.

The Abbey was established as a major institution serving the indigenous population of Wales and Western Christianity through its affiliation with the pan-European Cistercian Order of Monasteries.

The carved west doorway into the Abbey remains standing in isolation and provides an eternal vista down the nave towards where the high altar formerly stood.

You can still see some of the decorated tiles that would have adorned the church floors, along with elaborate carvings throughout the site.

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Kuwait Returns To The Global Debt Market

Political gridlock kept the country out of the sovereign market for eight years. With a multi-billion-dollar issue, it’s back in the game as oil price volatility reinforces the case for fiscal flexibility.

Last September, Kuwait issued its first international sovereign deal since 2017, worth $11.25 billion, returning to global markets as geopolitical tensions in the Gulf and volatile oil prices sharpen the case for fiscal flexibility.

For a country with low public debt, high credit ratings, and substantial sovereign wealth assets, its lengthy absence from the global debt markets was unusual. That changed in March 2025, when a new debt law was approved, authorizing borrowing of up to 30 billion Kuwaiti dinars ($97 billion) over a 50-year period. Kuwait’s last international issuance was its inaugural $8 billion eurobond in March 2017. Subsequent attempts to establish a permanent borrowing framework were rejected by the National Assembly.

Kuwait operates under a semi-democratic system in which the elected parliament plays a decisive role in fiscal legislation. Political fragmentation, frequent cabinet changes, and repeated dissolutions of the assembly have led to prolonged gridlock.

In May 2024, Emir Sheikh Meshal al-Ahmad dissolved the assembly and suspended selected constitutional articles for up to four years, enabling the government to advance stalled reforms, including the new debt law. The absence of a debt law did not prevent the government from running large fiscal deficits when oil prices were lower, which eroded its financial assets, albeit from an exceptionally high base.

Reliance on Hydrocarbons

M.R. Raghu, CEO of Marmore MENA Intelligence, says the new debt law helps cushion the impact of oil price volatility and enables Kuwait to use external borrowing to fund deficits rather than eroding fiscal buffers, while continuing to support infrastructure projects under Vision 2035.

The return to markets expands financing options but does not signal a move toward aggressive leverage, says Issam Al Tawari, founder and managing partner of Newbury Economic Consulting. He notes that Kuwait has historically maintained a conservative approach to debt: “Fiscal policy has generally been prudent. Debt serves to balance the accounts and cover shortfalls arising from lower oil prices.”

Kuwait’s credit profile continues to benefit from low leverage and the Kuwait Investment Authority’s significant external assets. The country is rated A1 by Moody’s and AA- by S&P Global Ratings, placing it among the stronger credits in the emerging markets universe. Kuwait’s spreads incorporate rating differentials and structural considerations, notes Daniel Koh, head of research, Fixed Income, at Emirates NBD Asset Management. “We price Kuwait sovereign issuances around 15 to 25 basis points tighter than Saudi Arabia,” he says. “Compared with the United Arab Emirates and Qatar, which benefit from strong technicals … and the lower need for structural economic transition, those instruments tend to trade 20 to 25 basis points tighter than Kuwait.”

Raising Awareness

A return to regular issuance would help establish a clearer sovereign yield curve across maturities, providing pricing benchmarks for domestic banks and corporates. Koh expects some widening of spreads as supply increases and markets adjust to a more predictable borrowing program.

Consistent issuance would also help re-anchor Kuwait in global fixed-income portfolios and support funding for corporates and quasi-sovereigns, says Razan Nasser, emerging markets sovereign analyst at T. Rowe Price. In February 2025, JPMorgan reclassified Kuwait as a developed market, removing it from its Emerging Market Bond Index. As a result, Nasser says Kuwait no longer benefits from benchmark-driven emerging market demand and lacks a natural investor base outside the region. Kuwait “will need to engage with a broad set of investors to raise awareness,” she says. “Investment-grade credits from the Gulf have seen a growing crossover bid, most recently from Asia, which Kuwait could tap.”

The government has indicated that legislation is also being developed to enable sovereign sukuk issuance both domestically and internationally. “Dedicated sukuk investors would welcome a well-telegraphed supply of sukuk from the sovereign,” says Koh. “While the impact on depth and diversification should be negligible initially, if the sovereign opts to issue a sizable portion of the $8 billion to $12 billion per year in sukuk format, which is not our base case, the significance would be profound.”

Going forward, the key issue will be how renewed borrowing capacity interacts with fiscal reform and the government’s efforts to diversify the economy. If issuance supports structural adjustment while preserving balance sheet strength, credit metrics should remain stable. But without meaningful diversification, fiscal performance will continue to track oil prices and developments in regional energy markets, leaving the fiscal outlook sensitive to both commodity cycles and geopolitical dynamics in the Gulf.

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EU’s largest economies push for faster capitals market integration in joint letter

The EU’s six largest economies are urging Brussels to accelerate the long-awaited integration of capital markets to “strengthen Europe’s growth potential”, according to a letter sent on Tuesday to the Eurogroup boss and several EU commissioners.


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The finance ministers of France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain say that making tangible progress on the rebranded “Savings and Investment Union” has become an “urgent necessity,” pledging to push “this important project forward”, in a letter addressed to EU economy chief Valdis Dombrovskis and Eurogroup President.

“Deeper and more integrated capital markets would strengthen Europe’s growth potential, enhance its economic sovereignty and provide a stronger foundation for financing common priorities,” the letter said.

In particular, the ministers call on EU institutions to reach an agreement among member states by summer on one of the key elements of the capital markets integration agenda: the Market Integration and Supervision Package (MISP).

The MISP is a set of legislative proposals by the European Commission aimed at strengthening the supervision of financial market infrastructures across the bloc and improving how they operate.

“A central purpose of the package is to remove national barriers and to improve cross border distribution of investment funds, so investors have better access to the EU capital markets and companies benefit from deeper pools of capital”, the letter says.

The six countries also ask the EU to advance its digital payments agenda, specifically by promoting private pan-European payment networks that can compete with US-based Visa and Mastercard, and by accelerating the adoption of the digital euro.

Agreement by the summer

Capital markets allow companies and governments to raise funds by selling assets such as shares or bonds to investors.

To strengthen and integrate these markets across the EU, the European Commission has proposed a series of legislative measures under the Savings and Investment Union package.

In recent months, EU countries and institutions have signalled a more ambitious goal, aiming for an agreement among co-legislators on most of the SIU legislation by June.

However, EU countries are not fully aligned on the technical aspects of capital markets integration, causing delays to the broader strategic agenda.

Another key legislative proposal is the revisions of the securitisation framework, which are EU rules introduced in 2019 with the objective of ensuring safer market practices, to avoid other financial crisis such as the 2008 global shock.

The revision, which aims to simplify certain requirements and reduce high operational costs, is to be approved by autumn 2026, according to signatories.

Digital payments

The six EU countries also support the development of additional pan-European private digital payment solutions, viewed as a key pillar of the EU’s strategic autonomy, since most digital payments are currently processed through US-based infrastructures.

According to 2025 European Central Bank data, Mastercard and Visa account for 61% of card payments and nearly 100% of cross-border ones.

In this context, the six countries are also calling for an accelerated rollout of a public digital payment solution: the digital euro. Currently under negotiation, it would be an electronic form of cash issued by the European Central Bank, serving as an additional payment option alongside cash and bank-issued cards.

The project is facing significant delays in the European Parliament. In particular, the leading rapporteur on the file, the Spanish centre-right MEP Fernando Navarrete, is pushing to reduce the scope of the digital euro to offline payments only, in order to avoid competing with other private infrastructure, such as Visa and Mastercard.

“We push for swift conclusions of the legislative process of the digital euro and we invite the European Parliament to follow the Council’s approach to establish the digital euro (in both its online and offline modalities) as a comprehensive, interoperable and sovereign European payment solution for European citizens”, the six countries wrote in the letter.

The co-legislators initially aimed for full adoption of the digital euro by the end of 2026. However, due to delays in the parliament, the six countries have not set a specific adoption deadline.

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