command

Dec. 31 (Asia Today) — South Korea’s Marine Corps will regain operational control of its 1st and 2nd divisions from the Army for the first time in 50 years under a Defense Ministry plan that would expand Marine Corps command authority and move toward what officials called a quasi-fourth-service structure.

Defense Minister Ahn Kyu-baek announced the reorganization plan Wednesday at a news conference at the Ministry of National Defense in Seoul. The plan keeps the Marine Corps under the Navy while strengthening the authority of the Marine Corps commandant to a level comparable to the Army, Navy and Air Force chiefs of staff, the ministry said.

Ahn said the overhaul is intended to “institutionally guarantee the independence and professionalism of the Marine Corps,” adding that the ministry will gradually return operational control of the 1st and 2nd Marine divisions to the service.

Under the plan, the 1st Marine Division will be removed from the Army’s 2nd Operations Command, with peacetime and wartime operational control returning to the Marine Corps by the end of 2026. The 2nd Marine Division would regain peacetime operational control by 2028, while wartime operational control would remain with the Capital Defense Command.

Ahn said the wartime control issue for the 2nd Marine Division will be reviewed over the medium to long term as the military evaluates restructuring and changes in capability, manpower and unit organization.

The ministry also said it is reviewing steps to expand promotion opportunities for Marine Corps officers to general-level posts. Rather than elevating the commandant position to full general, the ministry is considering allowing Marine officers to move into positions such as deputy commander of the ROK-U.S. Combined Forces Command or vice chief of the Joint Chiefs of Staff after completing a term as commandant.

The plan also includes establishing a separate Marine Corps Operations Command, a structure the service has not previously had. The ministry said it is considering upgrading the Northwest Islands Defense Command into a Marine Corps Operations Command aligned with the return of divisional operational control.

A three-star general is a leading candidate rank for the operations commander role, which would give the Marine Corps two three-star posts: the commandant and the operations commander. The commandant would handle administrative and logistics duties, while the operations commander would oversee operations and intelligence, the ministry said.

Ahn said Marine Corps personnel account for 5.7% of the total military but that the service has relatively few general officers. He said the ministry will seek to secure the Marine Corps share by adjusting general officer positions in units directly under the ministry rather than increasing the overall military quota.

The Defense Ministry said it will also accelerate capability upgrades for the Marine Corps, noting budgets have been allocated for 10 areas including firepower, protection and detection radar. It said it will expand placement of Marine personnel in higher-level units such as the Joint Chiefs of Staff and rename the Marine headquarters building to strengthen its symbolic significance.

Ahn said the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps will operate as a joint force to build what he called a trusted advanced military.

— Reported by Asia Today; translated by UPI

© Asia Today. Unauthorized reproduction or redistribution prohibited.

Dec. 17 (Asia Today) — The United Nations Command issued an unusual public statement Tuesday opposing South Korea’s ruling party push to enact legislation governing civilian access to the Demilitarized Zone, saying the Korean War Armistice Agreement gives the command authority to control entry to the area.

In a statement titled “Statement on the Authority and Procedures of the UN Command Military Armistice Commission,” the UNC said Article 1, Paragraph 10 of the Armistice Agreement assigns responsibility for civilian administration and relief activities south of the Military Demarcation Line within the DMZ to the commander of the United Nations Command.

The UNC said the Military Armistice Commission manages the DMZ and supervises the movement and activities of both military personnel and civilians to ensure compliance with the armistice and preserve stability. It said Article 1, Paragraph 9 grants the United Nations Command authority to control access to the DMZ.

“Except for those engaged in civil administration and relief work, or those granted special permission by the Military Armistice Commission, no one, whether military or civilian, may enter the Demilitarized Zone,” the statement said.

The command added that access requests are reviewed case by case under established procedures to ensure movements within the DMZ are not perceived as provocative or pose safety risks to commission personnel and visitors.

The UNC said the Military Armistice Commission is composed of personnel from UNC member nations, the South Korean military and civilians, and is responsible for managing the DMZ and investigating suspected armistice violations. It said all investigations are conducted with transparency and neutrality.

“We will continue our efforts to uphold the Armistice Agreement and stability on the Korean Peninsula, while maintaining the hopeful expectation that a permanent peace treaty can eventually be concluded,” the statement said.

The comments came as Democratic Party lawmakers Lee Jae-gang and Han Jeong-ae have sponsored bills known as the Act on the Peaceful Use of the Demilitarized Zone, which would allow the South Korean government to exercise access rights to the DMZ solely for non-military and peaceful purposes.

South Korea’s Ministry of Unification has expressed support for the legislation, saying it agrees with its intent. Unification Minister Chung Dong-young has also defended the bill, describing it as an issue of territorial sovereignty.

The UN Command previously said after meeting Cho Won-cheol, head of the Ministry of Government Legislation, that the Armistice Agreement remains a binding framework governing both civilian and military access to the Armistice Control Zone, including the DMZ.

– Reported by Asia Today; translated by UPI. © Asia Today. Unauthorized reproduction or redistribution prohibited.

Dozens of California National Guard troops under President Trump’s command apparently slipped out of Los Angeles under cover of darkness early Sunday morning, ahead of an appellate court’s order to be gone by noon Monday.

Administration officials would not immediately confirm whether the troops had decamped. But video taken outside the Roybal Federal Building downtown just after midnight on Sunday and reviewed by The Times shows a large tactical truck and four white passenger vans leaving the facility, which has been patrolled by armed soldiers since June.

About 300 California troops remain under federal control, some 100 of whom were still active in Los Angeles as of last week, court records show.

“There were more than usual, and all of them left — there was not a single one that stayed,” said protester Rosa Martinez, who has demonstrated outside the federal building for months and was there Sunday.

Troops were spotted briefly later that day, but had not been seen again as of Monday afternoon, Martinez said.

The development that forced the troops to leave was part of a sprawling legal fight for control of federalized soldiers nationwide that remains ongoing.

The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals issued the order late Friday but softened an even more stringent edict from a lower court judge last week that would have forced the president to relinquish command of the state’s forces. Trump federalized thousands of California National Guard troops in June troops to quell unrest over immigration enforcement in Los Angeles.

“For the first time in six months, there will be no military deployed on the streets of Los Angeles,” California Atty. Gen. Rob Bonta said in a statement. “While this decision is not final, it is a gratifying and hard-fought step in the right direction.”

The ruling Friday came from the same three-judge panel that handed the president one of his most sweeping second-term victories this summer, after it found that the California deployment could go forward under an obscure and virtually untested subsection of the law.

That precedent set a “great level of deference” as the standard of review for deployments that have since mushroomed across the country, circumscribing debate even in courts where it is not legally binding.

But the so-called Newsom standard — California Gov. Gavin Newsom was the lead plaintiff on the lawsuit — has drawn intense scrutiny and increasingly public rebuke in recent weeks, even as the Trump administration argues it affords the administration new and greater powers.

In October, the 7th Circuit — the appellate court that covers Illinois — found the president’s claims had “insufficient evidence,” upholding a block on a troop deployment in and around Chicago.

“Even applying great deference to the administration’s view of the facts … there is insufficient evidence that protest activity in Illinois has significantly impeded the ability of federal officers to execute federal immigration laws,” the panel wrote.

That ruling is now under review at the Supreme Court.

In November, the 9th Circuit vacated its earlier decision allowing Trump’s Oregon federalization to go forward amid claims the Justice Department misrepresented important facts in its filings. That case is under review by a larger panel of the appellate division, with a decision expected early next year.

Despite mounting pressure, Justice Department lawyers have doubled down on their claims of near-total power, arguing that federalized troops remain under the president’s command in perpetuity, and that courts have no role in reviewing their deployment.

When Judge Mark J. Bennett asked the Department of Justice whether federalized troops could “stay called up forever” under the government’s reading of the statute at a hearing in October, the answer was an unequivocal yes.

“There’s not a word in the statute that talks about how long they can remain in federal service,” Deputy Assistant Atty. Gen. Eric McArthur said.

For now, the fate of 300 federalized California soldiers remains in limbo, though troops are currently barred by court orders from deployment in California and Oregon.

Times staff writers David Zahniser and Kevin Rector contributed to this report.