CCA

The Royal Navy is aiming to see Northrop Grumman’s Talon Blue collaborative combat aircraft (CCA) drone fly from a British aircraft carrier next year. The planned demonstration is another notable step toward a carrier-based CCA capability in the United Kingdom. The plans also signal significant new opportunities on the horizon for Talon Blue, the first flight of which was only announced last month.

“We look forward to working with the Royal Navy over the next 12 months on this future demonstration,” Northrop Grumman told TWZ in a statement today. “Thursday’s signing is an important step in demonstrating relevant British naval capabilities, building on Northrop Grumman’s decades of leadership in autonomy and commitment to mission-relevant platforms and systems.”

First Sea Lord General Sir Gwyn Jenkins had first announced plans to launch Talon Blue, which the U.S. military has also designated the YFQ-48A, from a carrier during an address yesterday at the International Sea Power Conference in Norway. Jenkins, the first Royal Marine to ever hold the post of First Sea Lord, the United Kingdom’s top naval officer, made his remarks aboard the HMS Prince of Wales. That ship is the second of two Queen Elizabeth class carriers in Royal Navy service today.

“In two days’ time, on this carrier, I will sign a statement of intent with our friends at Northrop Grumman to prepare their Talon demonstrator for trials with the Royal Navy under Project Vanquish,” Jenkins declared to those in attendance. “Through that agreement, we will work towards a demonstration in U.K. waters in 2027, including a launch from the carrier.”

The planned tests involving Talon “will give us the evidence we need to understand how uncrewed combat aircraft can operate safely and effectively alongside the existing air wing. Then we learn, adapt and keep moving forward,” he continued. “That is how we deliver capability at the pace necessary. Not by waiting years for a perfect solution, but by working with industry to get the latest technology into the hands of our people as quickly as possible. Of course, moving at pace carries some risk.”

Jenkins first announced Project Vanquish in September 2025. As outlined then, the project’s goal was to demonstrate the ability to launch and recover what authorities in the U.K. refer to as a Tier 2 Autonomous Collaborative Platform (ACP) from a carrier without the need for a catapult or arresting gear. The Royal Navy’s Queen Elizabeth class carriers are so-called short-takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL) types that lack catapults and arresting gear, but there has been talk in the past about adding those features in some form down the line.

In the British government’s parlance, Tier 2 ACPs are defined primarily by being ‘attritable.’ This, in turn, is generally taken to mean designs that are low-cost enough to be employed in higher-risk environments from which they may not return, but that are also capable enough to conduct relevant missions.

Since Talon Blue was first officially disclosed in December 2025, at a media event that TWZ attended, Northrop Grumman has talked about the design as being lower-cost. However, the company does not appear to have used attritable or similar terms to describe the drone. Hard cost data of any kind has yet to be disclosed. Talon Blue does appear to be in line, broadly speaking, with the complexity of the two CCAs now in production for the U.S. Air Force. Those drones, General Atomics FQ-42A Vengeance and Anduril’s FQ-44A Fury, are understood to have unit costs in the low tens of millions.

“Our customers made it clear they need autonomous systems that can be fielded faster and more affordably without sacrificing mission effectiveness,” Craig Woolston, Vice President and General Manager for Research and Advanced Design at Northrop Grumman, said in a statement accompanying the announcement of Talon Blue’s maiden flight last month. “We listened. Talon Blue’s first flight is one step toward a new generation of autonomous capabilities. Every flight and lesson strengthens our broader autonomy work and sharpens what comes next.”

What it might take to configure Talon Blue for carrier-based operations remains to be seen, even without the need for the drone to be capable of catapult launches and arrested recoveries. An entirely new variant could well be required, if it is not already in the works.

It should be noted that the Royal Navy has already demonstrated the ability to launch and recover several different types of propeller-driven drones from the decks of its Queen Elizabeth class carriers since 2023. This includes the Mojave from General Atomics in the United States. Just earlier this month, the service announced that the Tekever AR5 had joined this list. The British Army is already in the process of acquiring AR5s for land-based use to replace its long-troubled Watchkeeper drones. None of these drones are as advanced as the jet-powered Talon Blue.

Mojave Aircraft Carrier Takeoff and Landing

The Royal Navy has also launched other smaller drones, including long-range one-way-attack types, from its Queen Elizabeth class carriers via trailer-mounted catapults in the past.

All of this has been in service of a broader Royal Navy push to incorporate more uncrewed platforms with higher degrees of autonomy into its operations in the air and at sea. The service has dubbed this broader vision as its Hybrid Navy concept.

“I do not believe the Royal Navy can build the Hybrid Navy at the speed we need it by doing things the way we have always done,” First Sea Lord Jenkins said yesterday, speaking about these plans more broadly. “During my career, I have seen too many examples of what happens when institutions become too set in their ways. So I need industry alongside us from the start.”

The decision to involve Northrop Grumman Talon Blue also represents a significant development for that drone. The company has said the genesis behind this uncrewed aircraft was lessons learned from its failed bid in the first phase, or Increment 1, of the U.S. Air Force’s CCA program. Especially since it received its U.S. military designation, Talon Blue has looked well positioned for the Air Force’s follow-on Increment 2 CCA competition.

Northrop Grumman is also one of the companies under contract now to develop a conceptual carrier-based CCA design for the U.S. Navy. The company has yet to share details about what that proposed drone might look like, but a demonstration of Talon Blue operating from a British carrier could provide hints.

The market space for land- and carrier-based CCAs has also expanded globally. Talon Blue is just one of several notable new designs to break cover in this arena in recent years, including in the United Kingdom. This development trend also extends to potential adversaries, and China in particular.

The CCA market could be differently important for Northrop Grumman going forward given the company’s recent loss to Boeing in the U.S. Navy’s F/A-XX next-generation carrier-based fighter competition. Back in 2023, Northrop Grumman had also dropped out of the running for the U.S. Air Force competition that led to the F-47, which is also being built by Boeing. Northrop Grumman is the prime contractor for a number of other very high-profile U.S. military programs, including the B-21 Raider bomber and the LGM-35A Sentinel intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).

Plans to launch Talon Blue from a British carrier are still very much in their infancy, but the demonstration now on the horizon for next year looks set to be an important development for all parties involved.

Contact the author: joe@twz.com

General Atomics has tapped Spirit Defense, a subsidiary of Boeing, to help produce FQ-42A Vengeance Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) drones. This follows the U.S. Air Force’s announcement last month that it wants to have at least 500 CCAs in inventory by 2032. Years ago, TWZ highlighted the likelihood that industrial partnerships like this would be required to meet the service’s aggressive volume and schedule goals for the CCA program.

General Atomics’ Aeronautical Systems, Inc. division (GA-ASI) announced the team-up with Spirit on FQ-42 production earlier today. The Vengenace is one of two designs the Air Force has ordered into production under the first phase, or Increment 1, of its CCA program. The other is Anduril’s FQ-44A Fury. The 500-drone target the Air Force has laid out covers a mixed fleet of both FQ-42s and FQ-44s. The service is still planning to acquire additional CCAs, potentially with completely different designs, through a follow-on Increment 2.

When it comes to FQ-42 production, “Spirit Defense’s role as a fuselage design-build partner brings together the company’s engineering and advanced manufacturing capabilities to support the program from design through production,” according to a GA-ASI release. “Partnering with Spirit Defense is a strength multiplier for the company and the nation, offering manufacturing capacity and industrial depth to scale CCA production faster, while strengthening production resilience, and reducing the risk of single points of failure.”

“We’re excited to be working with Spirit Defense,” David R. Alexander, GA-ASI’s President, said in an accompanying statement. “We’ve established our proven design, development, and manufacturing capability for the FQ-42. With Spirit Defense, we add capacity, which is exactly the kind of production resilience our U.S. Air Force customer is looking for with its CCA ramp-up. This kind of partnership represents the scalable industrial base the Air Force and the U.S. Department of War are looking for from industry.”

“The intent for them [the Air Force] is to go up to as many as 500 aircraft by 2032,” Mike Shortsleeve, Vice President for Strategy Business Development at GA-ASI, also told TWZ’s Jamie Hunter on the floor of the Air & Space Forces Association’s (AFA) 2026 Air, Space & Cyber Conference in September. “We’re ready to do that production.”

FQ-42 Vengeance fighter drone update from General Atomics

At the conference, Shortsleeve highlighted investments in additive manufacturing and advanced robotics, along with efforts to build out the company’s skilled workforce, to help meet those production demands.

General Atomics is already an established drone maker with significant serial airframe production experience of its own. At the same time, the company is seeing growing demand for its MQ-9B series of drones, including a sale to the U.S. Coast Guard announced earlier this month. The MQ-9B design builds on the highly successful MQ-9A Reaper. It is also pursuing a host of other opportunities in the U.S. and abroad that could add production demands.

Mike Atwood, GA-ASI’s Vice President of Advanced Aircraft Programs, notably acknowledged potential hurdles for meeting CCA production demands, specifically, in the past.

“We have basically a hot production line where I can take an MQ-9 out and put a Collaborative Combat Aircraft in,” Atwood said on an edition of The Merge podcast back in 2024. “We were able to essentially take Reaper parts out of stock rooms and build the first [CCA] aircraft.”

“Composites are inherently expensive … they’re really for high-performance applications where you need certain strength and stiffness,” he also noted at that time. “When you look at Collaborative Combat Aircraft … we’re actually falling back on more metallic – what we call hybrid structures, metal frames with composite skins.”

The production of advanced composites and hybrid structures is Spirit’s main business. The company also has a well-established history of working as a subcontractor on military aerospace projects, including in support of bleed-edge programs like the B-21 Raider bomber.

It is also important to note here that, before its founding as an independent company in 2005, Spirit was actually a division of Boeing. By the early 2020s, Spirit had been suffering from significant financial losses and quality control lapses. Boeing subsequently decided to reacquire it in a multi-billion-dollar deal. The acquisition process began in 2024 and was finalized last year. Since then, Boeing has faced continued challenges in getting the firm back on track.

In 2024, when General Atomics and Anduril were selected to move ahead in the Increment 1 phase of the Air Force’s CCA program, TWZ explicitly raised the prospect of both companies bringing in help, especially to meet future production demands. At the time, the focus was more on Anduril, which was not a major airframer at the time and had yet to establish significant production facilities of its own for Fury. It was also unclear then whether the Air Force might pick a single winning Increment 1 drone rather than go the route it ultimately chose of ordering batches of both designs.

However, as we wrote at the time: “No matter who is selected in the end as the prime contractor, a large pool of manufacturer partners will likely be key to meeting the Air Force’s production volume and schedule goals.”

As an aside, Boeing is already in the CCA business itself, with the MQ-28 Ghost Bat developed originally through a separate subsidary in Australia. The company has been working to expand its own production capacity to build those drones in recent years.

Generally speaking, the ability of defense contractors to rapidly scale production to meet U.S. military demands, and do so affordably, is steadily becoming a more common point of discussion across all major acquisition programs. Being able to acquire and field CCAs in relatively large volumes and at a price that makes sense is absolutely central to the whole concept being these drones.

“The nuance here that probably is overlooked, is the fact that they’re [the Air Force] recognizing with 500 that they require, the factory floor is now becoming part of the battle space,” General Atomics’ Shortsleeve had told TWZ at the AFA conference last month. “So the ability for companies to be able to manufacture and produce those aircraft in numbers that are needed for the fight rapidly is going to be a key part to going forward in the future.”

The Air Force is otherwise still very much laying the rest of the groundwork for fielding its future CCAs operationally toward the end of the decade. A full playbook for deploying, launching, recovering, supporting, and otherwise operating CCA-type drones on a day-to-day basis, let alone employing them tactically, still has yet to be written. Answering these questions will be important for other CCA programs across the U.S. military and elsewhere globally.

General Atomics’ new partnership with Spirit Defense underscores how production of Increment 1 CCAs is ramping up already in reponse to the Air Force’s current CCA program goals.

Contact the author: joe@twz.com