Section: Wellness:Diet & Nutrition

DOES it feel like you’re constantly squirming against the waistband of your jeans? And does your tummy often feel uncomfortably swollen?

Bloating is all too common – especially after a long day or a large meal.

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But it doesn’t make it any less uncomfortable when your guts just won’t play ball.

Your first instinct might be to try and keep your stomach sucked in, or pop a Rennie to provide some relief.

According to pharmacist Dipa Kamdar, there are natural ways to support your gut health and bring down your bloat.

“For centuries, herbs and spices have been used in traditional medicine for their digestive benefits, and modern science is beginning to back up some of these age-old remedies,” the senior lecturer in pharmacy practice at Kingston University wrote in The Conversation.

She shared five cheap ingredients “linked to better digestion” – some of which you might already have in your kitchen.

These range from peppermint and chamomile tea to cumin seeds.

Dipa said: “Herbs and spices are not a replacement for medical treatment, but they can complement a balanced diet and offer gentle support for everyday digestive issues.

“In normal amounts they are generally safe to cook with, but anyone with underlying conditions or on medication should consult a healthcare professional first.

“For many, though, a cup of chamomile tea or a sprinkle of cumin may be a simple – and tasty – step toward better digestive health.”

Here are five ingredients to eat or drink to slim down your waist and ease stomach discomfort.

1. Peppermint tea

Dipa said: “Peppermint is one of the best-known herbs for easing digestive distress.

“Its active compound, menthol, relaxes the muscles of the gut, helping to reduce bloating, gas and abdominal pain.

“It may also reduce sensitivity to pain, fight harmful bacteria and calm inflammation.”

According to the pharmacist, clinical trials have shown that taking peppermint oil capsules can relieve irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms – from stomach cramps, to bloating and constipation.

But steer clear of peppermint oil if you have acid reflux, she warned.

The oil can relax the lower oesophageal sphincter – the muscle that stops stomach acid flowing back into the throat – which may trigger heartburn, especially if you haven’t eaten anything.

Sipping on peppermint tea will be gentler and may offer similar benefits, Dipa noted.

2. Chamomile tea

Do you like to sip on chamomile tea before bed?

It may do more that make you feel sleepy, according to Dipa, who said the flower “may also soothe the digestive system”.

“Chamomile tea is one of the world’s most popular herbal drinks and has long been used to ease indigestion, gas, stomach upset and gut irritation,” she wrote.

“Evidence is mostly traditional, but animal studies show chamomile extract can reduce stomach ulcers thanks to its antioxidant properties.”

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The popular tea may also help ease an upset tummy, Dipa added.

“Another trial found that children with mild diarrhoea recovered more quickly when treated with a chamomile mixture.”

She noted that the study combined chamomile with other herbs

Dipa also cautioned that some people may be allergic to chamomile.

3. Fennel seeds

Known for their sweet anise-like flavour, fennel seeds are frequently added to stews and curries – but they may also help gut discomfort and bloating.

“Fennel is traditionally chewed after meals in many cultures to freshen breath and aid digestion,” Dipa said.

“Its seeds are high in insoluble fibre, which helps prevent gas build-up and bloating.”

Eating more insoluble fibre can help with bloating in the long run.

The NHS recommends about 30g of fibre a day.

But make sure you gradually add fibre to your diet, as overdoing it can actually lead to more gas and bloating.

Dipa went on: “Anethole, fennel’s main active compound, is chemically similar to dopamine and relaxes gut muscles – a mechanism confirmed in lab studies.

“In a small trial in people with IBS, fennel reduced cramp-like abdominal pain, probably due to this muscle-relaxing effect.

“Human trials are limited, but fennel’s long history of safe use supports its traditional role in digestive care.”

4. Cumin

“Cumin has an equally long track record for easing digestive problems,” Dipa added.

“Modern studies suggest it boosts digestive enzyme activity, speeding the breakdown of food.

“It also encourages the release of bile from the liver, which helps digest fats and absorb nutrients.”

She cited one study conducted on rats, which found cumin shortened the time food spent in the digestive tract by about 25 per cent.

This is “likely due to these enzyme and bile effects”, the pharmacist said.

“In a clinical trial of 57 people with IBS, concentrated cumin significantly eased symptoms within two weeks,” she added.

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5. Carom seeds

Carom seeds, also known as Ajwain, are a spice with a strong, bitter, thyme-like flavour, and are a staple in Indian cuisine.

“They’ve been used for centuries to relieve gas and bloating, probably because of thymol, a compound that stimulates the stomach to produce more acid — sometimes up to four times more,” Dipa said.

Again, studies on the spice’s digestive effects tend to conducted in animals.

A study on rats found that carom seeds made food move through the digestive tract faster, boosted digestive enzyme activity and increased bile secretion, which helps break down fats in food.

But Dipa warned: “Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid large doses, as high intakes have been linked to miscarriages.”

HAVING struggled to lose weight for years, it was a simple diet change that finally helped Emma Dennison to shed the pounds.

But with her huge weight loss came a big surprise – hiding under her loose skin.

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Emma had tried to lose weight for years without success.

And after a catastrophic knee injury left her unable to exercise, she decided it was time to give up.

The 42-year-old weighed more than 20 stone, and as her size grew, her self-esteem shrank.

“I wasn’t always big. I was a bit heavier in school, but I stayed active through university,” she said.

“Then in 2006, I completely blew out my knee. I was in a full cast for eight months. That’s when the weight started creeping on.

“It wasn’t that I was eating junk all day – I just ate too much. And food became my comfort when life felt overwhelming.

“I didn’t recognise myself in the mirror. I’d stopped shopping for clothes I liked. I always had to go to the ‘fat shop,’ and even then, I hated everything. I stopped being in photos. I’d take a thousand of my kids and husband, but I’d avoid the camera.”

Emma is a full-time sheep farmer and mum to Henry, now ten, and Thomas, 8.

Her life never slowed down and she struggled with emotional eating and portion control.

When Emma and her husband Mervyn, from Tipperary, Ireland, began trying for a third baby, she didn’t suspect her weight might be a factor.

She said: “All my hormone levels were fine, but we tried for two years and nothing happened. Eventually, I just said, ‘That’s it. We’ve got two beautiful boys. It’s not meant to be.’”

With the baby dream put to rest, Emma decided it was finally time to focus on her health and gave the 1:1 Diet by Cambridge Weight Plan a go, a programme that mixes meal replacements and normal food with consultant support.

Starting the plan in September 2021, Emma steadily lost weight.

She said: “By May, I was down nearly six stone. Then the scales stopped moving. I was confused. Until that point, I had been consistently losing weight.”

THEN CAME A SURPRISE…

“One night, just for the craic, I took a pregnancy test. I was sure it would be negative… but it wasn’t,” she recalled.

“I was sitting on the toilet at half eleven at night, staring at it thinking, ‘Oh my God. I’m pregnant.’ I didn’t want to wake Mervyn so I lay awake half the night thinking about how I would tell him.”

When she saw the doctor the next day, the news got even more shocking.

“He said, ‘Emma, you’re not just pregnant – you’re already 15 weeks along.’ The weight loss had hidden my bump under loose skin”, she says. Her third pregnancy, Emma says, was worlds apart from her previous two.

“I had no Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction. I was active right up to the end. Two days before my C-section, I was shearing sheep. I honestly believe losing weight made the difference. I felt strong and capable for the first time in years.”

After giving birth to her miracle baby Alistair two years ago, Emma focused on expressing milk, a goal she hadn’t achieved with her older sons.

“I was constantly hungry while expressing. A lot of the weight went back on, but I didn’t panic. I knew I had a plan,” she said.

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She returned to the 1:1 Diet in May 2023, and by December had lost the additional weight, reaching a total loss of eight stone.

Emma now fluctuates comfortably between a size 12 and 14.

She said: “Size 10 doesn’t suit me. I’m curvy and that’s okay. I’m in my 40s now, not my 20s. I want to be healthy, strong, and confident.”

One of the biggest changes came when she began to love fashion again.

She said: “I remember walking into a shop and picking up a top, knowing it would fit. I sat in the car afterwards and cried. That was a freedom I hadn’t felt in years.”

Since then, Emma has become a 1:1 consultant herself, training up while on maternity leave so she can help others see a similar transformation.

And her proudest moment came when she completed Couch to 5k – something her 14-year-old self never imagined.

She said: “I was forced to run a 1,500m race in school. I came dead last – and I mean a long way last. People laughed. When I hit 5k, I thought, ‘Up yours’ to every single one of them.

“Losing weight gave me back my fertility, my health, my confidence and my identity. And I no longer hide from the camera.” 

WHETHER it’s fish and chips, a fry-up or afternoon tea and cake, British diets are pretty calorific.

And all that fat, sugar and salt is having a serious impact on our waistlines, with almost one in three of us considered obese.

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That might seem pretty high, but it’s actually considerably lower than the 43 per cent obesity rate in the United States.

Even Australia trumps the UK at 32 per cent, and these figures don’t even account for the people who are simply overweight. 

Around the world, each country has its own way of eating; some contain lots of processed foods, while others enjoy more vegetables or have a focus on fish and meat. 

Often, these diets have a huge influence on the population’s body mass index (BMI) – a way of measuring if you’re a healthy weight. 

A score between 18.5 and 24.9 is healthy, 25 to 29.9 is overweight, and 30-plus is obese. 

Many of us think of obesity as just being fat, but it’s actually increasingly being recognised as a chronic, complex disease. 

It can have a huge, negative impact on your health, increasing your risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, arthritis and even some types of cancer. 

Thankfully, you can tailor your diet to help keep the number on the scales down. 

But which one is best?

Follow in the footsteps of these countries, which all have a lower obesity rate than the UK…

If you can’t face giving up cheese… eat like the French 

Obesity rate: 11 per cent 

CHEESE is big business in France. In fact, the French consume an average of 60lbs (27kg) of the stuff per person every year, according to Statistica. 

Instead of turning to low fat cheeses and spreads to stay slim, eat like the French and go for full fat.

“Fat is what gives a sense of fullness in a meal,” says Lucia Stansbie, registered nutritional therapist.

“When we eat fat, hormones telling the brain to stop eating are released, making a full fat yogurt more satisfying that a zero per cent one, so you end up needing to eat less. 

“Many low fat foods have added sugars and emulsifiers to recreate the same texture of full fat foods, making them ultra processed foods (UPFS).”

Research published in the journal Current Nutrition Reports identified UPFs as being a key driver of obesity.

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In France, all-day grazing is a no-no – so much so, that snack products often contain a warning on the packet which says, “for your health, avoid snacking between meals”. 

“Snacks can be the downfall of all diets as they can be very calorie-dense,” says Lucia.

“And if they’re sugar-rich, they can lead to a sugar high followed by a crash so more snacks are needed to pick yourself up.

“Eating a proper meal that fills you up until your next one is the best strategy.”

Instead of having a plain, low-carb, low-calorie vegetable salad for lunch to manage your weight, enjoy a meal with a source of protein, some carbs and healthy fats to keep you full until dinner time.

“This is better than being really hungry a few hours after lunch and craving a high calorie snack,” says Jess Hillard, nutritionist at Warrior. 

Try some spicy chicken with sweet potato mash, avocado and a vinaigrette.

If you like wine… eat like the Italians

Obesity rate: 22 per cent 

ALTHOUGH alcohol can pack in some serious calories, you don’t have to go teetotal to lose weight. 

Instead, go for quality booze, in moderation, alongside food. 

“In Italy, people don’t drink on an empty stomach,” says Lucia.

“Doing so leads to sugar spikes and then sugar crashes, so we eat quick-release carbs such as crisps or sweets to get our energy back.”

One way to flatten this spike is eating a decent meal. 

The size of serving plates in Italy are also smaller than the standard UK plates so smaller portions are eaten

Lucia StansbieNutritional therapist

Lucia adds: “In Italy, there is a big focus on quality and taste. 

“People don’t drink a cheap bottle of wine to get drunk. Instead, they match a nice glass of wine with the meal they are having. 

“Culturally, getting drunk and excessive drinking are frowned upon. 

“This makes a massive difference in the amount of alcohol that is consumed.”

Italian mealtimes are also leisurely. Rather than wolfing down lunch at a desk while frantically working on a deadline, Italians eat mindfully. 

“Mindful eating leads to eating slower and feeling fuller sooner, while eating while distracted – such as while working or watching TV – will lead to less satisfaction and mindlessly eating bigger amounts of foods or looking for snacks,” says Lucia.

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Don’t forget to add olive oil – the main fat used in Italy – to your meals too.

A study published in the European Journal of Nutrition found that fat loss was approximately 80 per cent higher for participants who included 25ml of extra virgin olive oil in their diet compared to those who didn’t. 

Lucia adds: “The size of serving plates in Italy are also smaller than the standard UK serving plates, so smaller portions are eaten.”

Why not try swapping your dinner plates for side plates or pasta bowls? You’ll be forced to reduce your portion!

If you love carbs… eat like the Japanese 

Obesity rate: 5 per cent 

DESPITE popular belief, carbohydrates are certainly not the devil when it comes to weight loss. 

Not only could they actually help you slim down, they could even help you live longer.

Japan is home to Okinawa – a ‘blue zone’, where many people live to 100 and beyond. 

Their diet? An estimated 10:1 carbohydrate-to-protein ratio, according to a study in the journal Age and Ageing – yes, that’s 10 times as much carbs as protein!

While you definitely shouldn’t turn your back on protein, you shouldn’t fear carbs. 

But Lucia says the type of carbs you choose will make a huge difference.

“Wholegrains have a higher fibre content, which means that the sugar spike won’t be so high, while white carbs are devoid of all fibre,” she adds.

“The body can manage a maximum of 4g of sugar in the blood at a time; the excess will be stored either in the liver as glycogen or as abdominal fat.

“Eat slow release carbs – such as wholegrains – and pair them with fibre (such as vegetables), proteins (such as meat, fish and eggs) and fats (such as avocado, olive oil and nuts) to ensure a slow release of sugar in the blood system for sustained energy and weight management.”

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Tuck into seafood and cut back on red meat.

“Fish and seafood are excellent sources of protein,” says Lucia.

“Just 100g of fish has, on average, the same amount of protein as 100g of meat but fewer calories.

“Oysters are the richest source of zinc. People with diabetes, which is often linked to obesity, tend to have lower zinc levels.  

“Plus, fish and shellfish are sources of iodine, a mineral essential for thyroid function, and suboptimal function can lead to increased weight and fatigue.” 

If you love chocolate… eat like the Swiss

Obesity rate: 14 per cent 

LINDT, Toblerone, Nestlé – some of the best chocolate in the world comes from Switzerland. 

So how can such a chocolate-filled nation remain so slim?

Along with an active lifestyle, Jess says that listening to your body is key. 

“Ignoring cravings makes you want them even more and binge on them eventually,” she says.

“Have a balanced meal before the chocolate you’re craving. 

“If you still want some chocolate, break off a few squares and put the rest of the bar away.” 

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Depriving yourself will only make you want it more and make you more likely to scoff the whole bar! 

The Swiss also love their oily fish.

“Oily fish contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA,” Jess says.

“These are excellent for brain health and they’ve been found to reduce the risk of heart disease.

“Aim for two portions of fish per week. One of these should be oily, such as salmon, mackerel or sardines.”

Aim for two fists of vegetables, one palm full of carbohydrates and one palm of protein. Any fats should be thumb-size

Jess HillardNutritionist

Omega-3s have been found to potentially help with fat loss.

In a study published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, adults given 4g of fish oil per day lost 0.5kg of body fat and built more muscle than those who were not given fish oil.

Plus, research published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that incorporating fish into one meal a day as part of a weight loss regime was more effective than the regime on its own. 

“Fish’s high oil content keeps you fuller for longer as well as helping to decrease inflammation in the body,” says Jess.

Inflammation can lead to health problems, including chronic inflammation, which can even cause the body to hold onto fat, especially visceral fat which sits around your organs.

If you struggle to eat your five-a-day… eat like the Vietnamese 

Obesity rate: 2 per cent 

NOODLE soups, grilled meats, broths and plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables are the order of the day in Vietnam, which boasts an incredibly low obesity rate.

Most dishes are delicious, yet nutritious – so you don’t even notice how much veg you’ve eaten.

“Vegetables are filled with fibre which will keep you fuller for longer,” says Jess.

“They also contain few calories as well as high levels of vitamins and minerals, particularly non-starchy vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, peas and leafy greens.

“Having a nutrient rich diet won’t just ‘stop cravings’ for high fat and/sugary foods.

“You will feel fuller after meals, meaning you won’t feel the need for these foods as much.”

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She recommends filling half your plate with veg at every meal, and to make sure your veggies retain their nutrients, choose steaming over boiling or frying.

Research published in the journal Nutrition & Food Science found that when steamed, vegetables such as broccoli, spinach and lettuce lose nine to 15 per cent of their vitamin C content.

The Vietnamese way of eating is an easier way to get these veggies into meals – you can buy noodle soup kits in supermarkets to try at home.

Compared to many western countries, Vietnam’s portions are also fairly moderate. 

Practising portion control is simple and can be done using just your hands. 

“Aim for two fists of vegetables, one palm full of carbohydrates and one palm of protein,” says Jess.

“Any fats, such as oils, butter and cheese, should be thumb-size.”