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Trump and some of Wall Street’s power players reignite a decades-old question: Should companies be judged every three months, or twice a year?

Corporate America is once again at odds over whether to maintain its 50-year tradition of quarterly reporting or join Europe and parts of Asia in adopting a semi-annual schedule.

It’s not the first time for this debate. President Donald Trump brought it up during his first term, but nothing came of it. This time, Trump is joined by Wall Street power players like JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon in championing the idea.

At stake is nothing less than the rhythm of American business. Every quarter, earnings season arrives like clockwork: a high-stakes ritual in which CEOs and CFOs parade their numbers, hype their narratives, and face a barrage of analysts’ questions. The spectacle moves markets, shapes careers, and, critics contend, forces companies into a cycle of short-term thinking. Missing an earnings report requires additional paperwork and, perhaps, the threat of delisting.

The notion of fewer earnings reports hasn’t sat well with some finance veterans, however.

Short-seller Jim Chanos, known for exposing Enron’s accounting transgressions, blasted efforts to loosen disclosure rules as a “gift to corporate opacity,” particularly Trump’s suggestion that the US could emulate China’s semi-annual model. “China should not be a model for American financial oversight,” Chanos warned on X.

Former Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers was equally blunt, calling the proposal “a bad idea whose time should never come.” He added, “America’s capital markets have thrived precisely because of their accountability and transparency…frequent accountability and substantial sharing of information have been central to that.”

Still, while Summers and Chanos want to uphold the earnings season pastime, several corporate advisors opined that the appeal of less frequent reporting is simpler than that: cost savings.

The Cost Of Compliance

For Aslam Rawoof, partner at Benesch Friedlander Coplan & Aronoff, filings are about transparency as well as scale.

“I don’t think that a one-size-fits-all approach makes sense for every single company,” he says of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) current quarterly Form 10-Q requirements. For smaller firms with limited resources, quarterly reporting is an added strain.

“I have clients that run the gamut from a market cap of $10 million to $8 billion,” Rawoof says. “For some of the smaller clients, forcing them to do quarterly reporting costs a lot of money because oftentimes they don’t have any in-house lawyers: so all the work is being done by external counsel.”

The legal tab alone can be daunting. Securities law, Rawoof notes, isn’t something one can “dabble in.” Companies must go to Wall Street-caliber firms, and those don’t come cheap.

“Then there’s the auditors,” he says. “They don’t provide an audit opinion on quarterly numbers, but even their reviews can cost tens of thousands of dollars. I’ve seen quotes of $75,000 per quarter for an auditor review.”

Those recurring costs add up quickly, with some reported estimates exceeding $1 million for companies with a market cap of over $10 billion.

“So, I can see where this proposal makes sense,” Rawoof says. “The idea isn’t to end quarterly reporting altogether, it’s just to make it optional. If a company wants to report twice a year, it should be allowed to.”

SEC Chair Paul Atkins downplayed the relevance of the 10-Q in a TV appearance in September. “Professionals,” he explained, tend to prefer the earnings calls: “scripted sorts of events to make sure that everything from the company’s perspective meshes with what their overall disclosure is.”

Atkins thinks it’s a good time “to look at the whole panoply of ways that people get information, how it’s disseminated, and what’s fit for purpose.”

A Populist Twist On Corporate Reform

The question of how often public companies should report their earnings has always been closely tied to the larger debate about corporate short-termism.

In 2015, then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton addressed “quarterly capitalism” while on the US presidential campaign trail. The obsession with short-term profits, she said, led companies to cut pay and forward-looking investments just to meet investors’ expectations.

Last month, the Long-Term Stock Exchange (LTSE) took up the cause and petitioned the SEC to give companies the option to report semi-annually.

The move would be seismic. Since 1970, when the SEC first introduced the 10-Q, US public companies have been required to disclose their results every three months. The system was born out of a post-Depression-era desire for accountability. Today, critics say it fuels short-termism, volatility, and burnout.

With envy, they look abroad. In Asia, most markets rely on annual and semi-annual disclosures. China allows quarterly results, but primarily for investor relations. Hong Kong requires annual and half-year reports, and Singapore, Malaysia, and South Korea generally follow a semi-annual schedule, with quarterly updates optional and mostly provided by large-cap companies.

The European Union banned mandatory quarterly reporting in 2013, arguing it encouraged short-termism. The UK followed suit, and while investors initially feared less transparency, markets adapted.

Europe’s six-month schedule “works fine in that context,” says Omar Choucair, CFO of Trintech, a financial software provider, and a former KPMG executive. “But for US markets, quarterly reporting has become best practice. It keeps investors informed and management teams disciplined.”

Still, Choucair sees an upside: Semi-annual reporting would lower compliance costs and “encourage” IPOs.

Over the past 25 years, the number of publicly listed US companies has fallen by nearly half while the number of private equity-backed firms has surged more than 500%, according to PitchBook. The result: fewer IPOs, more concentration risk, and shrinking opportunities for everyday investors. Just three companies—Apple, Microsoft, and Nvidia—now account for 17.5% of the entire US stock market, up from 4.2% in 2015.

“We could see more IPOs,” Choucair argues. “Because the investment required to go public and to stay compliant would be lower.”

Pierson Ferdinand partner Julie Herzog agrees—up to a point.

“Today’s IPO hesitation is driven by valuation uncertainty, rates/volatility, litigation risk, research coverage dynamics, and abundant private capital,” she contends. “Cutting quarterlies doesn’t solve those frictions.”

In practice, she predicts, underwriters and institutional investors would still demand quarterly-style updates through 8-Ks.

“For micro- and small-caps, cost relief could help,” she concedes. “But any opacity premium the market applies can erase the benefit.”

‘Keep The Rhythm’

Quarterlies keep investors informed, prevent manipulation, and ensure comparability across companies, supporters maintain.

“Markets function best when participants share frequent, standardized baselines,” Herzog says. Reducing cadence increases monitoring costs, widens spreads, and raises the cost of capital, “often more than the savings on filings.”

The real solution for short-termism, she argues, isn’t fewer quarterlies.

“It’s smarter reporting,” she says. “Keep the rhythm, streamline the content, and reweight the conversation toward medium-term value creation rather than penny-perfect quarters.”

A hybrid model may offer the best of both worlds. “Scaled disclosure is sensible if designed carefully,” Herzog contends.

Large, accelerated filers should keep quarterly reporting, she envisions. After all, they have the potential to move markets. Smaller issuers could shift to semi-annual 10-Qs if paired with mandatory quarterly KPI updates and clear liquidity disclosures.

Such a tiered system eases the burden for smaller companies while preserving transparency for the largest. During M&A activity or financing rounds, banks and buyers would still demand quarterly-quality data. But for micro firms struggling under compliance costs, semi-annual reports could be a lifeline.

Whether the LTSE’s proposal will gain traction remains uncertain. Many see it as a long-shot bid by a smaller exchange to differentiate itself from the NYSE and NASDAQ. Yet, Atkins’s remarks suggests the winds may be shifting.

The Big Four accounting firms would likely feel the pinch, observers note. Deloitte, EY, KPMG, and PwC currently earn millions from quarterly review work, and halving the reporting cadence could shrink that revenue stream. Some industry leaders stress, however, that the shift would have broader consequences.

For Victoria Woods, CEO of ChappelWood Financial Services, such a drastic change might strain the financial system long-term. The only way to know for sure? “Try it.”

“I would like to see a phased approach where a handful of firms across multiple market sectors test the concept of semi-annual earnings reports,” she says. “If investors accept it, roll it out over time to the broader market. If they don’t, maintain the status quo.” 

Global Finance Presents 2025 Stars of China Winners.

Best Corporate Bank

China Guangfa Bank

Guangdong Province is ground zero for manufacturers of smartphones, electric vehicles, and robots. It is home to tech giants Tencent and BYD. And its capital, Guangzhou, is home base for a digital champion of corporate finance, China Guangfa Bank, this year’s Best Corporate Bank.

With 1.4 trillion yuan in corporate deposits as of January 1 and 789 billion yuan in corporate loans issued last year, Guangfa is not the country’s largest corporate bank, but true to its Guangdong roots, it leads competitors in digital banking solutions. Its Digital Guangfa strategy complements a stream of improvements in online, mobile, and WeChat banking for corporate clients. Guangfa applies fintech to supply chain services through its e-Second platform, integrating portals and corporate online banking, enabling clients to apply for and sign contracts via mobile device.

For cross-border e-commerce companies, the Guangfa Hui payment system allows one-stop fund collection with real-time and pending exchange settlement, currency withdrawal, and automatic foreign exchange declaration for international settlement, supporting Amazon, among other providers. Guangfa’s corporate arm, meanwhile, is stepping up tech-sector support; its outstanding loan balance to science and tech businesses grew 25% in 2024.

Best Transaction Bank

China Guangfa Bank

Tariffs may slow Chinese export growth, but for now, growth continues. Supporting the country’s export juggernaut are transaction innovations led by China Guangfa Bank, Best Transaction Bank in 2025.

Guangfa has developed a system for integrating corporate billing and supply chain finance services through its international trade and investment service, Cross-Border InstantPass. The service is an umbrella for nine sub-systems including Instant Settlement and Customs Duty InstantPass. The subsystems digitize the entire cross-border transaction process, from export revenue collection and exchange to import payment and letter-of-credit operations. Guangfa also facilitates pilot programs for cross-border trade and investment openness, for example by integrating online banking functions for capital account transactions and making cross-border financing more convenient through streamlined cross-border payments in renminbi.

Best Bank For Renminbi Internationalization

China Guangfa Bank

Proof that the renminbi, or yuan, is gaining global traction is visible worldwide, wherever Chinese engineering companies are building infrastructure. A leader in cross-border, cross-currency banking solutions for these firms, and a major force for renminbi acceptance, is China Guangfa Bank, Best Bank for Renminbi Internationalization this year.

Guangfa enhances the role of renminbi through its Cross-Border RMB Express Channel tool for enterprises, which integrates renminbi and foreign currencies in liquidity pools. The bank also offers state-owned companies an onshore-offshore integrated renminbi and foreign currency settlement system, providing unified allocation of currencies for their domestic and overseas subsidiaries. The customizable system cuts account maintenance costs and drives efficiency by allowing a firm to use its domestic funds to finance overseas projects. It also helps facilitate cross-border goods trading, direct investment, and cross-border financing, addressing the demands of enterprises that likewise advocate renminbi internationalization.

Best Consumer Bank

ICBC

China remains home to the world’s most dedicated savers, despite a trimming of savings deposit rates by big banks in 2024 and again last spring. One bank’s focus on those resilient consumers—for whom basic savings pay rates currently below 1%—rewards loyal depositors while scaling up savings through wealth management products. That bank is ICBC, Best Consumer Bank of 2025.

As of January 1, ICBC held 6.4 trillion yuan in demand deposits and 12 trillion yuan in time deposits from its consumer clients. Responding to consumer demand for greater personal asset growth, ICBC has doubled down as a wealth management provider. In April, it launched a rewards program through its iBean digital services suite and opened a platform that broadens digital services to include investment guidance through an AI-driven wealth management assistant. Anti-fraud and consumer protection measures have been enhanced, and the bank posted a 45% decline in customer complaints for the first half of 2025, year-on-year. It recorded a 93% customer satisfaction rate in 2024, up 2% year-on-year.

Best Bank For Financial Advisory Services

ICBC

Financial firms of all sizes advertise comprehensive advisory services. But scale and initiative are needed to cover all the bases. ICBC leverages its size to deliver a comprehensive range of services, winning Global Finance’s first Best Bank for Financial Advisory Services award.

ICBC’s investment banking division applies its research, risk control, and fintech resources to its ESG Advisory Service, which offers management, transaction, and risk consulting. Its private banking arm recently collaborated with ICBC Credit Suisse Asset Management to offer China’s first fund investment advisory scheme for family trusts, complementing a similar scheme for charity trusts.

For small and micro entrepreneurs, the ICBC Matchmaker Platform provides advisory services geared toward full-lifecycle development with planning tools such as business scenario modeling. And corporate banking clients eyeing fundraisers can take advantage of consulting for strategic planning, restructuring plans, and equity private placement. ICBC also offers recommendations for listing sponsors and underwriters to its fundraising clients.

Best Consumer Lending Bank

ICBC

Digital financial advice is nice, but meeting face-to-face across a credit officer’s desk has advantages. ICBC’s retail customers benefit both ways from the bank’s ongoing efforts to enhance their experience both online and offline while boosting consumer support for China’s real economy, making ICBC this year’s Best Consumer Lending Bank.

Between January and June, ICBC’s personal loan portfolio expanded by 213 billion yuan and personal business loans jumped 184 billion yuan. To counteract a weak housing market, the bank beefed up its Housing Ecosystem program, which makes loans for purchases of auctioned property mortgages and makes loans for parking spaces and rental housing. It also promotes marketing for housing developers and real estate agents and in the past year launched a housing resale platform. As of July 1, its residential mortgage portfolio stood at 5.9 trillion yuan.

ICBC has also enhanced its consumer lending programs for electric vehicles and elder care services. Along with expanding its digital offerings, it has broadened personal loan services at branch outlets; today, some 90% of ICBC’s outlets market personal loans, serving 25 million customers.

Best Bank For Sustainable Infrastructure

ICBC

ICBC has adopted a whole-lifecycle approach to sustainable infrastructure finance, offering a toolbox of construction- and development-friendly financing vehicles that helped earn it the title as 2025’s Best Bank for Sustainable Infrastructure.

ICBC provides engineering, construction, and related government contractors what it calls “full-cycle empowerment, full-scenario coverage, and full-market service,” using loans, bonds, M&A, asset restructuring, asset securitization, and REITs to support infrastructure projects at every development stage. Two REIT projects during the past year highlight its success. ICBC issued a 1.06 billion-yuan REIT for wind farms in Inner Mongolia capable of powering up to 150,000 homes while a highway-management REIT worth 5.6 billion yuan is financing Hebei Province’s portion of an expressway serving the tech-focused Xiong’an industrial area.

Innovation In Fintech

ICBC

Fintech’s bells and whistles grab attention, but in the final analysis, income and client growth are what prove an app’s value. Generating value is at the core of ICBC’s effort to create fintech apps that both make money and turn techie heads, earning the bank recognition this year for Innovation in Fintech.

Since introducing customer-banker videoconferencing almost a decade ago, ICBC has set the pace for fintech in China, its innovations underpinned by research with a focus on interactive technologies that appeal to Gen Z clients. ICBC strives to enhance the mobile app experience and build an immersive virtual reality with, for example, virtual digital humans in the form of lifelike 3D avatars with perception, cognition, and facial expressions.

In the financial services area, ICBC credits its “intelligent agent” AI system with logging 42,000 person hours annually, generating 500 million yuan. In the credit domain, a time-saving financial analysis tool has so far reviewed more than 20,000 loans worth a combined 1 trillion yuan.

Best Bank For Belt And Road

ICBC

The world’s largest concentrated solar plant in Dubai, Africa’s tallest building in Cairo, and improvements to South Africa’s Telkom 5G wireless network are a few of the recent projects logged by China’s Belt and Road Initiative with support from ICBC, this year’s Best Bank for Belt and Road.

ICBC has arranged project finance for hundreds of projects in more than 70 countries while serving as a customer partner for cross-border cooperation in areas including export credit, syndicated loans, lease factoring, and advisory services as well as for financing projects, cross-border M&A, aircraft, and ships. Chinese enterprises have benefited from infrastructure contracts and new trade channels facilitated by ICBC. The bank is a financial advisor for major oil, gas, and mineral projects involving resource development, pipeline storage, and product terminals and a resource development advisor to Fortune 500 companies.

Most Innovative Asset Manager

China International Capital Corp.

For asset managers serving Chinese government entities, the quest for return is an exercise in balancing low-risk appetite and statemandated support for innovative investment targets such as technology stocks. The asset management arm of China International Capital Corp. (CICC), 30 years old in 2025, balances these objectives in a competitive market; it chalked up a 13% annual gain in asset management income to 1.3 billion yuan in 2024 and wins this year’s Most Innovative Asset Manager award.

The National Social Security Fund and corporate annuities were among 738 portfolios managed by CICC in 2024, contributing to total assets under management of 552 billion yuan and benefiting some 50 million people. CICC found innovative ways to deliver returns despite a soft economy in 2024 that prompted heightened compliance and risk control requirements for Chinese asset managers. The firm broadened corporate coverage and enhanced digital and platform capabilities to improve quality of customer service while contributing to Beijing’s national goals by supporting growth in technology, green, pension, and digital finance.

Best Bank For Overseas Branch Services

Bank of China

Global footprints vary for international banks. Some cover a few major cities; others, like Bank of China (BOC)—winner of 2025’s Best Bank for Overseas Branch Services award—stretch out with branches even in distant lands.

Beijing’s strategic moves, such as the Belt and Road Initiative for infrastructure construction, the renminbi internationalization effort, and its free trade zone agreements, have spurred BOC’s overseas expansion. Its services for trade partners and Chinese expats are extensive and easy to find; the most recent branch openings, in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, brought the number of countries and regions with BOC physical bank outlets to 64, including 44 Belt and Road countries.

Since becoming the world’s first renminbi clearing bank in 2003, BOC has expanded to provide clearing services in 16 regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Renminbi clearing banks opened this year in Port Louis, Mauritius, and Vientiane, Laos. Established branches in New York, London, Milan, Seoul, and Tokyo augment BOC’s global footprint.

Best Bank For Green Bonds

Bank of China

Chinese green bond issues passed the half-trillion-dollar mark last year, solidifying the country as a top global bond issuer for renewable energy, electric vehicles, and other environmentally friendly efforts. Driving this success is Bank of China, the most active Chinese-funded institution for domestic and international green bond underwriting for the past five years and 2025’s Best Bank for Green Bonds.

The bond framework gives international investors an avenue to support China’s development. Recent highlights include the world’s first sustainability-linked green and social bonds, issued through the bank’s subsidiary in Frankfurt, Germany, which raised 2.5 billion yuan. BOC’s branch in Dubai issued in September 2024 a $400 million green bond to fund renewable energy and non-carbon transportation projects in the United Arab Emirates. And BOC was lead underwriter on Brazilian pulp producer Suzano’s 1.2 billion yuan green bond, issued in China as a panda bond.

Best Bank For Risk Management

Bank of China

Chinese banks strive to optimize their credit structure while serving the national economy. A recent dip in the real estate market—a key driver of GDP growth—has complicated that effort. Bank of China (BOC) has risen to the challenge by balancing its approach to real estate credit and its support for national economic goals, earning it Best Bank for Risk Management honors.

In step with government policy directing financial institutions to place equal emphasis on home rentals and home ownership, BOC’s corporate unit has tweaked its risk management strategy to expand financing for rental housing development companies, including government-subsidized housing and urban villages. BOC is also a conduit for government debt relief measures. And it has adjusted its credit strategy by, for example, adopting a data tracking system for credit risk monitoring and an early warning mechanism.

Star Of Hong Kong

CMB Wing Lung Bank

Covid-era questions about Hong Kong’s future as a hub of international finance have fallen by the wayside with the tightening of business ties between the mainland and the city. Encouraging tighter oversight are cross-border equities trading schemes, bond exchanges, and Hong Kong banks that also operate in mainland cities including Shenzhen and Guangzhou. Foremost among these multi-city banks is CMB Wing Lung Bank, a subsidiary of the mainland’s China Merchants Bank and Star of Hong Kong.

Capitalizing on Hong Kong’s status as a Chinese semiautonomous region with legacy global business ties, CMB Wing Lung boasts more than 30 branches and business outlets in Hong Kong, Macau, and China and is licensed in each jurisdiction for corporate banking, bond trading, foreign exchange business, and wealth management. This year, the bank was approved as a renminbi foreign exchange market maker for the China Foreign Exchange Trade System Free Trade Zone to execute transactions for institutional clients. Earlier, it launched a family office advisory service for high-net-worth families, sparking double-digit growth in private banking and private wealth management-related assets under management between last December and June.

CMB Wing Lung also operates an app used by 420,000 mainland and Hong Kong customers.

Best Bank For M&A

China Merchants Bank

Roadshows can fall into a rut when bank-organized M&A presentations turn routine. China Merchants Bank has abandoned formulaic roadshows, applying a fresh approach to its stream of high-profile M&A projects that helped win the 2025 Best Bank for M&A award.

CMB’s M&A Buyer-Seller Service System, an information exchange platform for equity and institutional investors eyeing M&A action, is part of this success story. The platform enhanced the bank’s 270-plus roadshows last year with project-targeted advisory services while advising potential investors on transaction design, channel matching, and due diligence.

In the past year, CMB has helped public companies raise more than 100 billion yuan while sponsoring an assortment of deals involving high-profile companies from hypermarket retailer Sun Art to jewelry giant Chow Tai Fook. Against the backdrop of a recent slowdown in M&A volume in China, CMB’s business has grown, finalizing projects in 2024 valued at about 190 billion yuan.

Best Private Bank For Sustainable Investing

China Merchants Bank

Private banking serves a discriminating clientele, many of whom are particularly concerned to build their portfolio around sustainable investments. China Merchants Bank’s private banking division recently stepped up consumer rights protection and established an ESG secretariat, factors that helped distinguish it as this year’s Best Private Bank for Sustainable Investing.

The secretariat, which reports to CMB’s head office, optimizes ESG information disclosure and conducts sustainability knowledge promotion and education. Its annually updated consumer rights protection plan incorporates financial education promotion at the bank’s headquarters and branches, with a stated commitment to “public welfare, effectiveness, innovation, and sustainability.”

CMB reported a 13.6% increase in its private banking customers between 2023 and 2024, to some 169,000.

Best Bank For Business Transformation

Agricultural Bank of China

Beijing’s clarion call for financial institutions to support domestic consumption hit home with the country’s largest rural lender, Agricultural Bank of China, which has responded by launching an assortment of consumerf riendly lending and other programs. Its rapid response required flexibility and significant change, earning it this year’s title as Best Bank for Business Transformation.

Writing in a People’s Bank of China publication, ABC Executive Vice President Lin Li described efforts to support consumers whose expenditures contributed to 44% of China’s economic growth last year. Efforts included targeted financing for home improvements as well as helping consumers swap used for new appliances and vehicles. ABC has also stepped up design work on local consumer lending programs tailored for China’s huge population and diverse rural and urban markets. This year, the bank is expected to better the 561 billion yuan in personal consumption loans it reported in 2024.

ABC is also targeting small and micro enterprises engaged in export as part of a broader lending approach. For the first three months of 2025, the bank reported 131.2 billion yuan in loans to 17,200 such enterprises.

Best Private Bank

Bank of Communications

For some private banks, client investment research is just a box to check on a to-do list. For others, investment research is woven into the fabric of their daily activities. The latter describes the private banking division of Bank of Communications, recognized this year as Best Private Bank.

BOCOM branch teams integrate research support for private banking clients through the entire workflow process: tracking economic and asset market trends, identifying allocation opportunities, and warning of risks. A WeChat channel and the bank’s mobile app broadcast research reports weekly, monthly, and quarterly. The bank also offers personalized investment advice. Clients receive BOCOM’s internal research, bolstered by daily morning and weekly strategy meetings. Biweekly, clients can access the bank’s trademark Single Chart to Understand Investment report on asset allocation.

Last year, research supported the launch of a US dollar wealth product for BOCOM’s private bank clients that earned a healthy 11.95% annual rate.

Most Innovative Private Bank

Huaxia Bank

Private banking has been an eager adopter of digital solutions for portfolio and asset allocation tasks. But private clients get more than digital basics at Huaxia Bank, recognized this year as Most Innovative Private Bank.

Huaxia’s digital tools cover internal asset allocation, asset diagnosis, and product portfolio management, supporting local branch marketing efforts and customer management. The bank has developed asset allocation and investment research report functions that automatically offer clients asset allocation strategies. The bank also offers an asset allocation “simulation competition” platform that simulates positionbuilding, allowing users to build product portfolio and allocation strategies around various asset positions; it also uses simulation to train staff.

Huaxia’s in-house digital arsenal also includes monitoring tools such as post-investment transaction and performance tracking. These complement the bank’s unique index of green and low-carbon companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen exchanges. In 2021, the CSI Huaxia Bank New Economy Wealth Index became the industry’s first to spotlight green and low-carbon activities promoted by the government.

Best Private Bank For Entrepreneurs

Ping An Bank

Chinese entrepreneurs may succeed on their own, but they also learn from successful competitors. Ping An Bank satisfies that personal drive and competitive curiosity by organizing client tours of companies ranging from electronic device maker iFlytek to Shaanxi Auto, disseminating best practices and fostering industry collaboration. These learning events helped earn Ping An the title as Best Private Bank for Entrepreneurs for 2025.

Facility tours are one perk the bank offers entrepreneur clients through its Qi Wang Hui, or Enterprise Vision Association, platform. The service helps them expand their sales channels through a mobile commerce platform, offers image building to enhance media visibility, and provides access to Ping An’s consumer commerce system and nationwide database of highnet-worth individuals. On the financial side, Ping An’s entrepreneurial solutions cover investment, wealth management, corporate governance, and private lifestyle services.

Best Private Bank For Ultra High Net Worth Individuals

China Construction Bank

China’s highest wealth bracket is trending higher. No wonder this year’s Best Private Bank for Ultra High Net Worth Individuals is a mobile institution with offices around the world: China Construction Bank.

Teams of private banking professionals have offices at each CCB Private Banking Center in London, New York, Toronto, Tokyo, Sydney, Singapore, and Hong Kong, complementing similar centers in more than 200 Chinese cities. When overseas, private bank clients in the ultra-high-net-worth bracket—including individuals, families, and executives—can do business in their native tongue with an account manager and get help streamlining communications with local government authorities.

Best Wealth Management Provider

YOUMY Family Office

YOUMY Family Office, a niche firm, serves more than 500 Chinese ultra-high-net-worth individuals and families and is this year’s Best Wealth Management Provider. A pioneer in China’s family office field, in the decade since its launch, YOUMY has invested more than 10 million yuan annually in data and investment research systems. The result has been continuous improvement in the capabilities and resources it offers for family asset management in the legal, tax planning, and asset allocation areas.

YOUMY today manages some 15 billion yuan in client assets while its minority foreign shareholder, Italy’s Azimut, manages about 650 billion yuan. YOUMY also acts as a resource for other firms, providing consulting and training to more than 100 smaller family offices.

Best Bank For Corporate Social Responsibility

DBS Bank (China)

It began years ago as an initiative to help fledgling entrepreneurs in areas such as low-income health care. Today, the DBS Foundation is a far-reaching nonprofit tasked with encouraging entrepreneurs as well as youth education, the environment, and community building across China. Behind it is DBS Bank (China), 2025’s Best Bank for Corporate Social Responsibility.

DBS integrates social enterprise support into its corporate culture by procuring goods and services from target enterprises for employee and client events. Strategic partnerships drive community programs that lift the lives of vulnerable groups. To date, more than 33 million yuan in donations have funded 1,000 socially involved enterprises. The foundation also contributes to online financial education for 140,000 students in rural schools. In March, it helped launch a program of home renovations for low-income families with schoolchildren needing study space. In July, innovating elder care in Shanghai and Singapore was the topic of a cross-border conference backed by the bank’s Impact Beyond Dialogue program.

Most Innovative Bank

China Zheshang Bank

Small and medium-sized enterprises selling products overseas are frequently vexed by foreign exchange volatility. To help SMEs in Zhejiang Province, the provincial branch of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange recently launched an online financial services platform that facilitates low-cost FX hedging and derivatives. When the platform went live, China Zheshang Bank became the country’s first bank to put it to work, helping earn it the title as 2025’s Most Innovative Bank.

CZ Bank also reported the initiative’s first success story when a garment exporter in Shaoxing locked in the yuan-US dollar exchange rate for a deal worth $1.2 million. The derivatives contract was completed at a fraction of the usual cost and in one day, not the usual three. As of July 1, CZ Bank had provided exchange rate hedging to about 3,600 SMEs.

While incorporating the FX services platform into its customer operations, the bank has introduced several custom hedging plans that help SMEs choose the best FX settlement period according to their risk tolerance. It also opened a financial consulting studio in July for exchange rate hedging, reaching 500,000 customers online.

Innovation In Payments

SY Holdings

The fast-fashion business model that’s propelled Asian e-commerce companies to superstar status is not without challenges. So-called shipped-but-unsettled orders that go out before customer payments are received pose a challenge that SY Holdings tackles for clients, earning the Shenzhen-based fintech this year’s Innovation in Payments award.

SY operates a self-developed, AI-driven industrial intelligence platform with risk control, supplier management, supply chain process, inventory, and procurement functions. Since 2013, it has helped arrange some 270 billion yuan in order procurement and financing services for more than 19,000 SMEs. Notably, it has facilitated working capital for e-commerce companies with shipped-but-unsettled orders, including SHEIN and Shopee, by embedding digital financing services into client platforms. As of June, SY reported this payments service had increased clients’ working capital eightfold year-on-year.

Best SME Services Bank

Postal Savings Bank of China

Action speaks louder than words for any bank committed to doing business with SMEs in China’s entrepreneurial climate. From matchmaking marketing events for potential clients to loans for grain farmers, Postal Savings Bank of China (PSBC) has taken an innovative approach to the sector, distinguishing it as 2025’s Best SME Services Bank.

PSBC regularly uses customized marketing maps to dispatch 10,000 financial agents from the bank’s 40,000 outlets to engage SMEs nationwide. Needs are assessed and services tailored. In one recent month, more than 4,000 matchmaking events and 5,000 product introductions involved some 150,000 businesses. Novel product offerings include the U Grain Easy Loan high-credit-limit program for SMEs doing grain storage and processing, attesting to PSBC’s deep roots with China’s farmers and commitment to national food security. The bank also built last year a digital platform for SMEs that streamlines tax planning, payroll, and other functions, serving 74,000 clients as of December 2024. As of January 1, PSBC reported 1.63 trillion yuan in outstanding SME loans, accounting for 18% of all its lending.

Best Asset Manager

China AMC

While some tap the brakes, China is forging ahead with carbon-cutting energy and green investment initiatives. Powering the expansion are institutions like China AMC, which boasts a fast-growing assets under management and the country’s largest client base and is this year’s Best Asset Manager.

Underscoring China AMC’s influence as an active promoter of environmentally friendly investment targets is its expansive clientele, which includes more than 240 million retail and 313,000 institutional investors. The firm in 2018 was the first Chinese financial institution to join Berkshire Hathaway, Tata Steel, and other giants in the Climate Action 100+ initiative as well as the first Chinese asset manager where a CEO-led, firm-level ESG Committee supervises implementation of ESG strategies. China AMC’s offices have been carbon neutral for three years.

Best Foreign Bank Asset Manager

CMB International Asset Management

Financial services from asset management to private equity funds are following investors as they crisscross the border between the mainland and Hong Kong. A leader in keeping abreast of the cross-border pace is CMB International Asset Management, this year’s Best Foreign Bank Asset Manager.

A subsidiary of China Merchants Bank, CMBIAM is registered in Hong Kong and listed as a qualified foreign institutional investor in Beijing, enabling it to provide advisory services to securities and asset management clients on the mainland while based in Hong Kong. Supplying diverse investment strategies in equities and bonds, private equity, funds of funds, and customized investment products, it also offers cross-border investments as well as services in Asia Pacific and global capital markets. The bank’s Hong Kong public funds business started at zero in February 2024 and in 13 months grew to HK$23 billion (about $2.95 billion) in assets.

Most Advancing Trading Technology

CMB Wealth Management

Wealth management providers are a popular equity and bond trading channel for retail investors shifting out of real estate and savings accounts. CMB Wealth Management has made technology, including AI, an integral part of its service in this area, earning it the honor for 2025’s Most Advancing Trading Technology.

CMB Wealth has grown rapidly since opening its doors in 2019, with bond trading more than doubling and transactions climbing fivefold. An example of its innovative approach is its self-developed HARBOR platform, which integrates investment research, trading, settlement, risk management, accounting, disclosure, and regulatory reporting. Enhancing the platform is an AI bond trading bot, which CMB Wealth introduced in 2023 and which proactively monitors bonds for portfolio managers. When external price movements occur, the bot triggers alerts, enabling the manager to react and avoid missing target prices. It also provides automated compliance alerts.

Global Finance presents this year’s 25 safest banks in China.

As the US trade war with China continues to escalate, with each side ramping up export restrictions on specific products and commodities, a satisfactory resolution seems unlikely. The US has announced plans to impose a 100% tariff on Chinese imports in November, following China’s expansion of export controls on rare earth commodities used in semiconductor and chip production.

As this issue goes to press, global attention is fixed on South Korea, where Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Donald Trump are set to hold talks, with an opportunity for progress in resolving trade tensions. In the run-up to this meeting, there are no signs that both sides wish to defuse the situation. But, new US tariffs continue to emerge that are further increasing pressure and threatening to leave any agreement wobbly. These include new US duties on lumber, kitchen cabinets, upholstered furniture, and used cooking oil, while both sides have added fees on port docking for ships. In the meantime, China is forging more-durable trade pacts with other countries.

The trade war represents a significant concern for the Chinese banking sector, given its large base of commercial and corporate clients that provide services and manufacturing across many industries.

However, China’s trade volume has held up despite the ongoing tariff war with the US. Foreign trade grew during the first nine months of 2025 by 4% year over year, with exports rising more than 7%, even as exports to the US dropped 33% in August and 27% in September, according to China’s General Administration of Customs. Some of this growth is attributable to the front-loading of trade volume as tension has heated up, but China is also adapting to trade disruptions by strengthening its global trade alliances and establishing new supply chains. It has increasingly redirected exports to Europe and Southeast Asia, with trade volumes to those regions rising over 14% and close to 16%, respectively.

While these moves have softened the impact of US trade policy, Chinese banks continue to weather a sluggish domestic economy while facing a struggling real estate sector plagued by oversupply, shrinking investment, and developer insolvency. Overall, GDP growth is forecast to fall from 5% in 2024 to 4.8% in 2025 and further decline to 4.2% in 2026, according to the International Monetary Fund’s October World Economic Outlook. Additionally, weak domestic demand is a headwind as retail sales fall due to declining consumer confidence. Structural issues persist, related to low wage growth and high youth unemployment that rose to 19% in August for those aged 16-24, according to China’s National Bureau of Statistics.

Banks are faced with contracting loan growth that continues to pressure net interest margins and overall profitability. To shore up the sector, officials launched a $72 billion bank recapitalization plan earlier in the year to enhance capital buffers and stimulate growth by supporting more lending. This primarily benefits the largest state-owned institutions. The smaller, midtier banks in the lower half of our rankings are also struggling amid the slowing economy but have comparatively fewer resources to dedicate to growth initiatives.

An overall deterioration in China’s credit fundamentals prompted Fitch to downgrade the country’s sovereign rating in April to A from A+. As a rationale for the move, the agency cites “a continued weakening of China’s public finances and a rapidly rising public debt trajectory during the country’s economic transition.”

Additionally, “Sustained fiscal stimulus will be deployed to support growth, amid subdued domestic demand, rising tariffs, and deflationary pressures.” Fitch adds that “this support, along with a structural erosion in the revenue base, will likely keep fiscal deficits high.” Following this action, the agency downgraded China Development Bank, Agricultural Development Bank of China, and Export-Import Bank of China.

In May, Fitch upgraded China Minsheng Bank one notch to BBB-, citing the bank’s progress in expanding its franchise with market share gains in loans and deposits as well as its involvement with government initiatives to support micro and small enterprises. In June, Moody’s initiated coverage of the bank with a Baa3 rating. These developments helped the bank reach No. 17 in our rankings as a new entrant this year.

For Bank of Ningbo, S&P assigned a first-time rating of BBB, which helped the bank to move up three spots to No. 15. Bank of Beijing benefitted from a one-notch Fitch upgrade to BBB-, which the agency attributed to the “steady increase in its regional significance in recent years, as well as its close relationship with the Beijing municipal government,” which represents one of China’s most resilient economies. Consequently, Bank of Beijing cracks our ranking this year at No. 25.

Despite its broad adoption, AI raises questions amongst the coding community.

Artificial intelligence has gone from a novelty to widespread adoption among software developers, with 90% of developers using the technology in their workflows, up 14% from a year earlier, according to a study by Google Cloud’s DevOps Research and Assessment (DORA) team. However, the same study finds a trust gap with the technology.

“While 24% of respondents report a ‘great deal’ (4%) or ‘a lot’ (20%) of trust in AI, 30% trust it ‘a little’ (23%) or ‘not at all’ (7%),” wrote Ryan Salva, senior director, product management at Google, in a DORA blog post. “This indicates that AI outputs are perceived as useful and valuable by many of this year’s survey respondents, despite a lack of complete trust in them.”

Such adoption findings do not come as a surprise to Matt Kropp, managing director and senior partner at the Boston Consulting Group.

“AI is already in the flow of work for many developers and inside the integrated development environment (IDE) for code suggestions, in code search, test generation, documentation, and even basic refactoring,” he says. “That said, adoption is still ‘wide but shallow.’”

Still, more than 80% of the DORA study’s 5,000 respondents also noted that AI has enhanced their productivity, and 59% report a positive impact on code quality.

Global banking giant Citi has seen dramatic productivity gains enabled by the technology in the past few years. According to Citi chair and CEO Jane Fraser, AI-driven automated code reviews have exceeded 1 million in 2025. “This innovation alone saves considerable time and creates around 100,000 hours of weekly capacity as a very meaningful productivity uplift,” she said during the bank’s third-quarter earnings call.

AI has taken much of the toil out of developing and implementing code, but it still has much more potential to address additional tasks. “There’s still headroom in areas like structured refactoring, better test coverage, and smoother migrations. AI is strongest on new code paths,” says Kropp. “It’s less reliable on legacy systems without context. Guardrails—secure patterns, repo rules, and review discipline—are what turn the remaining ‘easy wins’ into real gains.”

Strengthened by recent profits, global banks enter a new phase defined by falling rates, political volatility, and the disruptive promise of AI.

Banks’ most basic job is to be a safe haven in a turbulent world. That turbulence is increasing.

Even so, the industry enters this uncertain period from a position of relative strength, buoyed by recent profits and a growing belief that artificial intelligence could unlock the next wave of efficiency and growth. Yet, this strong foundation now faces significant headwinds.

In recent years, rising interest rates have delivered wider margins and fatter profits for banks across much of the world. Now, however, rates are falling again. Meanwhile, US President Donald Trump is upending trade relations in the world’s largest economy, spreading uncertainty that could constrain credit appetite everywhere. In addition, China, the world’s second-largest economy, is stuck in a cycle of overproduction and underconsumption that its leaders appear unable to address.

Compounding these external challenges, nonbank lenders continue to seize market share—from corporate buyouts to family mortgages. Meanwhile, nonbank payment systems—ranging from stablecoins to sovereign digital currencies—provide alternatives to traditional interbank networks.

“We are living in a multi-shock world,” says Sean Viergutz, banking and capital markets advisory leader at consultant PwC.

Beyond these outside disruptions, the biggest shock of all is coming from within: AI. Bank managers are now rushing to apply Silicon Valley’s new magic to their back offices and, to some extent, client relations, showing an intensity that overshadows external concerns.

“AI is top of mind in almost every meeting out there,” says Amit Vora, Head of Sales – Regional Banks and Asset Managers, Crisil Intergal IQ, a division of Crisil (majority owned by S&P Global). “It’s part of the banking vocabulary more than risk and credit today.”

Rewards in the AI race are still some way off, cautions Alexandra Mousavizadeh, co-founder of Evident, a London-based consultant that tracks AI adoption in financial services. Revolutionary “agentic AI” systems are expected to come online only in 2028, though the tools are still evolving. Nevertheless, banks have little choice but to push forward, drawn by AI’s potential to cut costs and sharpen competitiveness. This transformative impact is driving major organizational changes.

“Once this hits the bottom line, the gap between leaders and laggards will become very clear,” Mousavizadeh forecasts.

Profits Up, Rates And Regs Down

Luckily, the last few years have left the industry with solid buffers against multiple shocks. Revenue at the 25 largest global banks jumped 9% in 2024. The biggest banks in the US and Europe—JPMorgan Chase and HSBC, respectively—both raked in record profits. And Europe has seen a banking renaissance since post-pandemic inflation forced the European Central Bank to raise rates after a decade of near-zero rates.

“We’ve been busy upgrading banks for years,” says Giles Edwards, sector lead for European financial institutions at S&P Global Ratings. “Things look OK from a fundamental credit perspective.”

The ECB has slashed its key rate in half to 2% since mid-2024. Banks can live with that, says Johann Scholtz, European bank analyst at Morningstar.

“There will be some pressure on net interest income, but I don’t think margins will collapse,” he predicts. The US Federal Reserve has cut rates by 125 basis points to 4.25% since August 2024. More rate cuts are expected this year.

Japan, the fourth-largest economy, is going the other way. The Bank of Japan shifted from negative rates to 0.5%. The economy returned to growth in 2024 after a recession. Markets expect the benchmark rate to reach 1% in 2026.

All of which is good news for banks, at least the big ones based in Tokyo, says Nana Otsuki, a senior fellow at Pictet Asset Management. “Broadly speaking, the banks are in good shape,” she says.

The global regulatory storm unleashed after the 2008 financial crisis is finally ebbing, if not reversing. European authorities are talking up “simplification” of oversight across industries. And the Trump administration is philosophically committed to deregulation, although specifics are rolling out more slowly than the industry might like.