fines

Reporting from Washington — Numbers released by the Trump administration Friday show an 80% drop in some penalties levied against polluters, the latest sign that the Environmental Protection Agency has become a less aggressive watchdog.

Injunctive relief — the amount of money polluters commit to pay to correct problems and prevent them from reoccurring — fell from $20.6 billion in fiscal 2017 to $3.95 billion in fiscal 2018. That represents a 15-year low for the agency.

Civil penalties in 2018 declined to $69 million. That was far less than the $1.68 billion in 2017, but that year’s figure was impacted by fines negotiated during the Obama administration.

Volkswagen agreed in 2016 to a $1.45-billion penalty as punishment for its diesel emissions scandal.

In releasing the figures, EPA officials said they were focused in 2018 on ensuring that facilities were in compliance and expediting site cleanup.

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“A strong enforcement and compliance assurance program is essential to achieving positive public health and environmental outcomes,” Susan Bodine, assistant administrator of the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, said in a statement.

The EPA’s data span fiscal year 2018, which ended Sept. 30. For the most part, the figures reflect enforcement activity — cases that were settled, fines that were assessed — that took place under the Trump administration.

Civil penalties are at their lowest since 1994, when the enforcement office was created, said Cynthia Giles, assistant administrator for the EPA’s enforcement office during the Obama administration.

“EPA is trying to convince media and the public that EPA is still doing its job on enforcement, despite all of the reports showing that isn’t the case,” Giles said in a statement. “Not only are the Trump EPA’s enforcement numbers at historic lows, they are on track to get worse.”

Some of the numbers in Friday’s report suggest that future declines in enforcement are in store. For example, federal inspections and evaluations conducted by the EPA have continued to drop. Last year, the agency conducted about half as many inspections as it did in 2010.

David Coursen, who was an attorney in the EPA’s office of general counsel until 2015, said that the danger of drastically lowering penalties is that it removes the incentive for corporations to follow environmental laws.

“Anytime there’s a reduction, there’s going to be a suggestion that there’s a free pass,” Coursen said. “So the requirement to follow the law is going to be less compelling.”

Last month, the Department of Justice released numbers showing that the EPA had hit a 30-year low in 2018 in the number of pollution cases it referred for criminal prosecution.

More stories from Anna M. Phillips »

A record number of families in England were fined in the last school year for unauthorised holidays

Parents considering taking their children on holiday during term time have been cautioned that it could prove more costly than expected. A record number of families in England were fined during the last academic year for unauthorised absences.

Over the past school year, more than 443,000 fines were handed out to parents who removed their children from school during term time for holidays, marking a 53 per cent rise compared to pre-Covid levels. Many families point to the exceptionally high prices of breaks during official school holidays, especially for trips abroad.

Attitudes towards school attendance are also believed to have relaxed following the Covid-19 pandemic. Before the outbreak, local authorities issued just 288,000 penalty notices in the 2018/19 academic year, reports Bristol Live.

The escalating issue was discussed in Parliament in October this year. However, with some councils increasing penalties for non-attendance, Alvaro Iturmendi, travel insurance expert at Confused.com, cautioned that the true cost to parents could exceed initial expectations.

“For many families, taking a term-time holiday can seem like an appealing way to cut costs. Our research found that parents or guardians say they saved £567 on average, especially as prices often surge during peak school breaks.”

“That’s as our research also found that UK parents and guardians were issued £41 million in fines for term-time holidays between 2022 and 2024 by local councils. Fines are typically issued per child, per parent, and what might start as an £80 fine can quickly rise to £160 for a two-parent household in England, with costs multiplying further for families with more than one child.

“Over half (56%) of parents and guardians said the main reason they take the risk and travel during term time is because it’s cheaper outside of school holidays. While a third (33%) of parents believe that travel is just as important as formal education, and 14% admitted they booked before realising the school term dates.

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“However, if term-time travel becomes a regular occurrence, councils have the power to take legal action. That’s why we created a school fines calculator to help parents get clarity on the potential costs and local authority rules before making any decisions. Regardless of when you travel, family holidays can be very expensive, and for families facing fines it’s one more cost added on top of an already pricey getaway.”

Studies indicate families are forking out nearly £400 extra per person on getaways taken during school time. This has led Paul Whiteman – general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers – to conclude that penalties are failing to discourage parents.

“For many families the threat of a fine is not acting as a significant deterrent in the way the government hoped it would. This is largely due to the exorbitant charges for holidays outside of term time,” Whiteman said. “We have long-argued that fines are a blunt tool for tackling this issue and the data appears to bear this out once again.”