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Russia’s ‘shadow vessels’ using false flags to skirt sanctions, report says | Russia-Ukraine war News

Russian “shadow vessels” are using false flags to skirt sanctions imposed on Moscow over its war in Ukraine, according to a new report.

A total of 113 Russian vessels have flown a false flag in the first nine months of this year, transporting some 11 million tonnes of oil valued at 4.7 billion euros ($5.4bn), according to the report published on Thursday by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), a Helsinki-based think tank.

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“The number of Russian ʻshadowʼ tankers sailing under false flags is now increasing at an alarming rate,” said report co-author Luke Wickenden.

“False-flagged vessels carried 1.4 billion euros ($1.6bn) worth of Russian crude oil and oil products through the Danish Straits in September alone.”

Russia’s clandestine shadow fleet transports sanctioned commodities, especially oil, under non-Russian flags to evade scrutiny.

Every vessel sailing on the open seas is required to fly a flag that provides it with legal jurisdiction for its operations in international waters.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea allows countries to grant their nationality to ships and fly their flag.

Some countries provide open registries that allow foreign-owned or controlled vessels to use their flag, a practice favoured by some shippers due to lower regulatory burdens and registration costs.

In its report, CREA said that 96 sanctioned vessels had flown a false flag at least once this year as of the end of September.

A total of 85 vessels registered at least two flag changes six months after being sanctioned by the European Union, the United States Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) or the United Kingdom, according to the think tank.

Six flag registries that had not flagged a Russian ship before Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 had at least 10 such vessels each in their fleet in September 2025, according to CREA, for a total of 162 shadow vessels.

“In addition to the risks of false flagging, we also see that ʻshadowʼ vessel operators are taking advantage of capacity limitations of economically weak nations to exploit their flags and existing regulations to gain passage rights to deliver blood oil,” said co-author Vaibhav Raghunandan, calling on the EU and the UK to reform their flagging regulations and practices.

CREA said it based its report on vessel ownership and flag registry records obtained from maritime safety platform Equasis.

It said it cross-referenced the data with the IMO Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GSIS), a global shipping industry database.

‘More evasive techniques’

Rachel Ziemba, adjunct senior fellow at the Washington-based Center for a New American Security, said the CREA’s findings aligned with previous reports on Russia’s shadow fleet.

Ziemba said Moscow had resorted to “more evasive techniques” on the back of increased pressure from the EU, as well as moves by China to block so-called “zombie vessels”, which use the registration numbers of retired vessels.

While the US and the EU have continued to roll out new sanctions on Russian oil, “there is an open question about enforcement”, Ziemba said.

With sanctions enforcement becoming more difficult due to the growing illicit trade, countries would need to target vessels, intermediaries and buyers to significantly reduce Russia’s oil sales, she said.

“But that comes with costs,” Ziemba said, suggesting that China, a major buyer of Russian oil, could retaliate against countries that tightened sanctions.

“Plus, actual enforcement might mean more quasi-military stoppages of vessels to check papers, something that these countries might be wary of doing,” she added.

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Adam Peaty and Holly Ramsay break silence on ‘hurtful’ feud as he slams family for ‘encouraging’ false claims

ADAM Peaty and Holly Ramsay have broken their silence on a bitter family feud, insisting “we don’t want sympathy”.

Tonight, the Olympian, 30, took to social media and accused his family of “encouraging” false claims about him and his fiancée.

Holly Ramsay and Adam Peaty have spoken out amid a bitter family feudCredit: Getty
Adam and Holly with his mum Caroline before the feudCredit: Instagram
Adam shared this statement on his social media pagesCredit: Instagram

Adam said his wife-to-be Holly, 25, and his sister Bethany had both been “targeted” and “hurt” by the drama, which now involves police.

It reads: “Over the past few days, a lot has been reported and comments posted about the private life of Holly and myself.

“My sister Bethany, has also been targeted. This has been almost entirely one-sided and, in many cases, excessive and intrusive. It has been deeply hurtful and upsetting to read, especially given the false basis upon which we have been targeted.

“What makes it worse is that it has been encouraged by members of my family.”

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The champion swimmer assured fans there were two sides to the story and insisted he only has good intentions.

It follows claims that he has changed since meeting Holly and becoming part of the Ramsay clan, distancing himself from his working class roots.

He continued: “Bethany, Holly and myself cannot go into detail given an ongoing police investigation into serious matters that arose long before recent events.

“For those who know me personally, you know that I work so hard on trying to improve myself as a person who wants to contribute to making the world a better place. I am continuing to learn about myself and how I can be the man I want to be; a worthy partner, father, businessman, friend and athlete; even through these challenging times.

“Bethany, Holly and I will get through this – we do not ask for sympathy. We just need people to be aware that there are always two sides to every story. To those of you who have reached out and shown kindness and understanding – thank you. It is deeply appreciated.”

Adam’s aunt Louise previously branded his fiancée Holly “divisive and hurtful” in a bitter online rant after her sister Caroline wasn’t invited to her hen do at Soho Farmhouse. Caroline was later banned from the couple’s wedding at Bath Abbey next month.

Bethany attended the hen party, as did Holly’s mum Tana Ramsay and close friend Victoria Beckham.

Taking to Instagram, Caroline praised her sister by sharing a quote which read: “The moment you realise: the little sister who once drove you crazy is now the one who keeps you sane.

“Your loudest supporter and forever best friend.”

It continued: “She eventually becomes the comfort zone which every elder sister secretly needed all along.”

Caroline added: “Louise I thank you from the bottom of my heart for being my protector through this difficult time x.

“To the people who are being so cruel to my sister, please stop. Sadly you obviously don’t understand the bond of sisters.

Worried Holly called the police last weekend while Adam was on his stag do in Budapest over concerns he could be assaulted by his brother James when he got back to the UK.

Adam was escorted by five police officers through passport control upon touching down in the UK. His brother was later arrested at his Staffordshire home.

A source close to Adam and Holly said: “This feud is heartbreaking from both sides.

“But the reality is that Adam sees his mum Caroline to be enabling his brother’s actions rather than pushing him to deal with his demons.

“Poor Caroline must feel utterly torn and it’s just very hard for everyone.

“Gordon has been incredibly supportive of Holly and Adam; after all, he’s been through similar issues with his own brother.”

Adam’s father Mark previously told The Sun that the feud had spiralled out of control.

Adam has grown closer to Holly’s family as a result of the falloutCredit: Instagram
The Ramsays have stayed silent publicly so farCredit: instagram/hollyramsay
Victoria Beckham attended the hen doCredit: Instagram
Adam and his brother James have drifted apartCredit: Andy Kelvin / Kelvinmedia

He said: “They’re brothers.

“They’ve always been close but like any normal family, brothers fight, argue, fall out, make-up and start all over again. But it’s got out of hand.

“There’s been very little empathy towards Jamie’s genuine mental health difficulties.”

While Caroline, who supported Adam’s swimming career from a young boy to record breaker, has claimed she wants to repair the rift.

She told the Daily Mail: “I know it’s the end. But please, the message I want Adam to hear is no matter what happens in the future, please know I love you, your dad loves you, you can come home and talk to me at any point.

“There’s nothing you’ve done that I would not forgive. I love you so much.

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“I hope your marriage is a good one, I don’t wish any ill on you and I want you and Holly to have a long and happy marriage, like your dad and me. The reason I’m speaking out is I want all this to end.”

She added that she has reached rock bottom over the family feud, which has seen Adam pull closer to the Ramsays.

Adam said the couple do not want sympathyCredit: Getty

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‘I was bullied into false murder confession’

Phil McCann and

Jonny Humphries,North West

BBC A composite image showing a black and white police mugshot of a man with black bushy hair, overlaid on an image of the same man being led to a police van and another image of a woman with blonde hair.BBC

Peter Sullivan spent 38 years in prison before astonishing DNA test results proved he was not guilty

The victim of a 38-year miscarriage of justice has claimed he was beaten by police officers and “bullied” into falsely admitting murder, in his first interview since his release.

Peter Sullivan told the BBC he believes he was “stitched up” in 1986 over the killing of Diane Sindall, who was ambushed and beaten to death during a frenzied sexual attack in Birkenhead, Wirral.

Mr Sullivan, who has learning difficulties, had his conviction quashed by the Court of Appeal in May after new DNA tests were carried out.

He now wants an apology from Merseyside Police. The force said while it “regretted” that a “grave miscarriage of justice” had taken place, it maintained its officers acted within the law at the time.

Speaking from an undisclosed location with his face hidden to protect his privacy, Mr Sullivan said he wanted an explanation for why detectives “picked me out”.

“I can’t forgive them for what they’ve done to me, because it’s going to be there for the rest of my life,” he said, adding he had “lost everything” since going to prison.

“I’ve got to carry that burden until I can get an apology.”

For decades Mr Sullivan and his family were haunted by tabloid press nicknames, including ‘The Beast of Birkenhead’, ‘The Mersey Ripper’, and ‘The Wolfman’.

“The names, they’ll always stick with me because I’ve never been anything like that,” he said.

Mr Sullivan said despite moments of near hopelessness, he was always supported by his parents who died years before he could clear his name.

He said: “My mum turned around to me before she died, and said, ‘I want you to carry on fighting this case because you’ve done nothing wrong’.”

In one of many painful moments from his time behind bars, Mr Sullivan said he was denied permission to attend his mum’s funeral in 2013 because she was buried in the same cemetery as Miss Sindall.

British Newspaper Archive A black and white newspaper page with a picture of Diane Sindall, wearing a white sleeveless top, and a headline reading 'HANG THE BEAST'. British Newspaper Archive

The savagery of the murder saw Peter Sullivan given a number of tabloid nicknames including ‘The Beast of Birkenhead’

His ordeal began after the semi-naked body of 21-year-old florist Miss Sindall was found with catastrophic injuries in an alley off Borough Road, Birkenhead, on 2 August 1986.

Two weeks later, her partially burned clothing was found on Bidston Hill, a large area of woodland about an hour’s walk from the alley.

After a BBC Crimewatch appeal was aired, witnesses came forward claiming to have seen Mr Sullivan in a pub near the murder scene that night, while others reported seeing a man fitting his description near Bidston Hill the following day.

He was arrested on suspicion of murder on 23 September 1986, and was interviewed 22 times over the following four weeks.

Handout Diane Sindall, who has blonde hair, smiles at the camera while holding a light coloured puppy which appears to be a labradorHandout

Diane Sindall, 21, had been saving up to get married

For the first seven interviews, he was denied legal advice and found the experience “very daunting”.

“They were putting stuff into my mind, then they would send me back to my cell, then I’d come back and say what they wanted, not realising what I was doing at the time,” he said.

‘They leathered me’

During that period Mr Sullivan claimed he was beaten in his cell on two occasions by police officers.

“They threw a blanket over the top of me and they were hitting me on top of the blanket with the truncheons to try and get me to co-operate with them,” he said.

“It really hurt, they were leathering me.”

Mr Sullivan also claimed he was told if he did not confess he would be charged with “35 other rapes”, and said he was denied food and sleep.

He was not provided with an appropriate adult to help him understand the interrogation, despite police custody records noting he had learning difficulties.

Asked why he would confess to a murder he did not commit, Mr Sullivan said: “All I can say, it was the bullying that forced me to throw my hands in, because I couldn’t take it anymore.”

Appeal court documents confirm that the first time he “confessed” was not recorded and no solicitor was present. Other interviews were recorded.

In a statement for this article, Merseyside Police said it was previously unaware of the allegations about beatings or threats to charge him with other offences, and said records from the time did not contain details of this. It said guidance on appropriate adults had been strengthened since 1986.

The force accepted that legal advice was initially refused for interviews, adding that officers had feared revealing some parts of the investigation to a solicitor, in case evidence was destroyed. It also said Mr Sullivan was told he did not have to speak to officers unless he wished to do so.

Sarah Myatt, Mr Sullivan’s solicitor of more than 20 years, sat alongside him as he spoke to the BBC. “I think, from what he’s told me, he just reached breaking point with it,” she said.

Mr Sullivan said he wanted an explanation and an apology

Mr Sullivan said during one interview he was asked to mark on a map where he had left the clothes on Bidston Hill. When he pointed to the wrong place, he alleges a detective replied: “Come on Peter, you know better than that,” before hinting at the “correct” location.

Ms Myatt said on the maps of Bidston Hill, Mr Sullivan had later written “this is all lies”.

“I think that’s quite poignant,” she said.

Merseyside Police said the maps and transcripts, which the BBC has not seen, were all served on the courts. The force said interviewing officers had been “trying to understand the validity of his admissions”.

PA Media Sarah Myatt, who has long red hair and wears a black blazer over a black top, speaks to reporters outside court.PA Media

Sarah Myatt, who had represented Peter Sullivan for 20 years, said he reached “breaking point” before he falsely confessed to murder

While Mr Sullivan later retracted his confessions, the police and prosecution also relied on bite mark evidence, a now widely discredited field of forensic science.

That case, brought before DNA testing was widely available, was enough to convince a jury at Liverpool Crown Court – and on 5 November 1987 he went from a self-confessed “petty thief” to a convicted murderer.

Recalling the guilty verdicts, Mr Sullivan said: “My sister collapsed in the courtroom and the next minute, that was it.

“I was taken down from the courtroom and I just sat in that cell and cried my eyes out over the crime I hadn’t done.

“I knew from then on that this is going to be one hell of a case to try and fight to try and get myself out of this situation.”

Merseyside Police A black-and-white police mugshot of Peter Sullivan, taken in 1986. In the photograph he has black bushy hair and is wearing a wool coat.Merseyside Police

Peter Sullivan was interviewed seven times without a lawyer

His sentence carried a minimum term of 16 years before he was eligible to apply for parole – but Mr Sullivan maintained his innocence, lessening his chances of release.

Prison was particularly difficult for someone considered a savage killer and a sex offender. “I’ve been battered in prisons because of the crime I was in for,” he said.

However, he said reporting such violence was not an option because “then you’re a grass, and that means then you’re going to get a lot worse”.

‘You’re going home’

The end of his nightmare began in 2023, when the Criminal Cases Review Commission – the body set up to check for miscarriages of justice – ordered fresh testing of semen samples found on Miss Sindall’s body in 1986.

The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) decided not to challenge the DNA results ahead of a fresh appeal – paving the way for Mr Sullivan’s freedom.

In May 2025, when the appeal judgement was handed down, Mr Sullivan was listening via video-link from HMP Wakefield, sitting next to his probation officer.

“When they came back in with the verdict that my case had been quashed, [the probation officer] burst into tears first,” he said.

“She turned around and said, ‘Peter, you’re going home’…

“Next minute, bang, all the tears started running down my face and that was it, I went, ‘yes, justice has been done’.”

Julia Quenzler/BBC A court sketch showing Peter Sullivan, 68, who has grey and white hair and a blue shirt, holding his hand to his face Julia Quenzler/BBC

Peter Sullivan held his hand to his face and sobbed when the court said it was quashing his conviction

The outside world has been a baffling place for a man who went into custody when Margaret Thatcher was prime minister and the internet was unheard of.

Speaking of the moment he was driven out of prison, he said: “I was watching the cars go by, and I’ve never seen so many different cars in my life on that road.

“It was daunting just seeing them all changed and everything.”

Since his release, he has sometimes found himself standing in his bedroom waiting for a prison officer to do a roll-call – a difficult habit to shake after nearly 40 years.

Mr Sullivan said he feels “really sorry” for the family of Miss Sindall, who he said are “back at square one” in their fight for justice.

“I’ve been through the same pain, being in prison, because I’ve been taken away from my family as well for something I haven’t done,” he said.

Diane Sindall memorial adorned with fresh flowers.

Diane Sindall’s murder led to the first Merseyside ‘Reclaim the Night’ walk

Merseyside Police said due to the “substantial changes” in the law and investigative practices since 1986, there would be “little benefit” in any formal review of how the case was investigated.

It said it referred itself the Independent Office for Police Conduct after the appeal judgement but no misconduct was identified.

The Crown Prosecution Service said while the Court of Appeal accepted the new DNS testing, other grounds of appeal were rejected. Nick Price, its director of legal services, said: “The prosecution case was brought on the basis of all the evidence available to us at the time.”

The case of Miss Sindall’s murder has been re-opened, although no arrests have been made.

For Mr Sullivan, there remains the wait for compensation, capped by the government at £1 million for wrongful convictions.

Ms Myatt, who is helping him with his application, said: “There’s not a figure that you could say that would be enough for losing 38 years of your life.”

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