HomeExecutive InterviewsBeltone’s Khalil El Bawab On Challenges And Growth In MENA Financial Services
Beltone is a financial services group with 24 diversified funds and more than 100,000 clients. Khalil El Bawab, CEO of the Local & Regional Markets Division, shares the firm’s growth plans and challenges with Global Finance.
Beltone began in Cairo in 2002 as an asset management firm. In 2022, it was acquired by Emirati Chimera Investment, part of Abu Dhabi-based IHC. Since then, Beltone has completed two record capital increases—EGP 10 billion (about $210 million) in 2023, which at the time was the largest in Egyptian Exchange (EGX) history, and EGP 10.5 billion in 2025, which is now the record for the largest all-cash capital increase on the EGX. Today, Beltone is part of IHC’s new entity, 2PointZero, alongside eight other companies.
Global Finance: How is Beltone Holding currently structured?
Khalil El Bawab: Beltone is a fully fledged institution offering a wide range of services, including investment banking, brokerage, asset management, and custody services. Additionally, Beltone provides various non-banking financial services such as leasing, factoring, consumer and mortgage finance, SME finance, and microfinance. The organization also has a venture capital company that invests in startups through equity and venture debt. Beyond finance, Beltone has expanded into non-financial sectors, with businesses like Robin, which offers Data Science and AI solutions; Beltone Academy, focused on training and development; and Magnet, a human resources consultancy.
GF: What is your approach to the client’s needs?
Bawab: Traditionally, financial services were about selling products. However, amid the market’s emerging financial literacy levels, we shifted our focus on redefining the need. At Beltone, we pinpoint other needs for the clients and then we engineer tailored products around them. Here again, the approach is fully data-driven. For example, clients might not be aware of how to maximize their returns by moving their investments around between equities, fixed income products, precious metal funds, and other channels. Once the investor becomes aware of these diverse offerings and is aware of the ease of investing with Beltone, their need is redefined and met with a tailored portfolio of investing options. Credibility comes not from pushing the highest-commission product, but from ensuring that 5, 10, or 15 years later, clients can say they fulfilled their needs.
GF: How is the regulatory landscape supporting Beltone’s growth?
Bawab: The asset management industry in Egypt changed significantly in 2018. Before then, only banks and insurance companies could issue or sponsor funds. The new regulations allowed asset managers and investment banks to launch their own funds and brokerage firms to act as placement agents. This is a true milestone for the industry, allowing financial service providers to bridge the gap in terms of physical barriers, paperwork, and user experience for clients looking to invest.
Then, issuing a fund could take up to a year; now it takes just a very few days. Since then, more than 50 new funds have started, and that has completely changed the market. Also, the financial regulatory authority issued the FinTech License, which allows digital onboarding, including e-signatures and e-contracts, to help attract more investors to the market, effectively taking the market to new levels.
GF: You manage a large number of funds–why so many?
Bawab: We currently manage 24 funds, including 15 for banks, and plan to launch 5–6 more. All our funds have zero subscription or redemption fees — no entry or exit barriers. The market sees us as simply launching fund after fund, but it’s a conscious strategy and preparation for our upcoming wealth management application.
Today, we already offer the Beltone Trade App — the only investment bank-owned app not tied to a bank, giving qualified investors direct access to equities, fixed income products, and mutual funds. In early 2026, we’ll launch a second app that goes beyond robo-advisory. Clients will be digitally onboarded, complete a risk profiling exercise, and receive personalized advice on the optimal allocation for their investments. It could be single investments or incremental, with standard settlement instructions every month… I’m not concerned which channel the clients go to, but I want to equip them with the right tools to choose the products that best fit their needs.
GF: Who are the clients that you’re targeting?
Bawab: Generation Alpha. The ones who live on smartphones — they research everything and don’t want to interact with any human being. In fact, studies show people would rather visit the dentist than go to a bank! Egyptian law now allows 15-year-olds to open bank accounts and invest in the stock market. Our goal is to incentivize this generation early, with incremental investment plans matched by their guardians up to a limit. By starting at 15, we’re preparing the next driving force of our client base for the coming 10–15 years.
GF: Sounds like you are facing a huge financial literacy challenge.
Bawab: Sure, but you have it at all ages, and overall financial literacy in Egypt is improving rapidly. We are seeing tremendous growth in the number of new entrants opening brokerage accounts or participating in the stock market & mutual funds. We are still behind international standards, but our market growth is outpacing global benchmarks in terms of market participation. This is a collective effort that everybody is working on. The focus now is on making investing simpler and more accessible — and our upcoming wealth management app is designed to be exactly that: super simple and straightforward.
As Indonesia rapidly embraces digital transformation, Bank Mandiri is positioning itself as the nation’s financial backbone—powering connections across corporates, MSMEs, and consumers. Through its digital wholesale super-platform, Kopra by Mandiri, the bank has created a unified ecosystem that handles nearly a third of Indonesia’s digital transactions.
How does Bank Mandiri contribute to advancing Indonesia’s digital economy?
Bank Mandiri plays a pivotal role in driving Indonesia’s digital economy. As the country’s largest wholesale bank, we have the scale and ecosystem to connect every layer of the value chain. Through Kopra by Mandiri, we serve over 30,000 wholesale clients, from large corporates to suppliers and distributors, helping them digitalize their business processes.
We’ve built a tightly connected ecosystem by integrating three main platforms: Kopra by Mandiri for corporates, Livin’ by Mandiri as a super app for individuals, and Livin’ Merchant for MSMEs. Together, they account for roughly 30% of Indonesia’s digital transaction market share, positioning Mandiri as a key catalyst for national digital transformation.
What innovation sets Bank Mandiri apart from competitors?
Last year, we completely revamped Kopra by Mandiri, enhancing its interface and user experience to global standards. Every feature was redesigned to simplify transactions while maintaining full functionality. The result is a platform that, in many ways, meets or exceeds leading international benchmarks.
Kopra now offers a comprehensive suite of cash management, trade finance, and value-chain solutions. Clients can process up to 50,000 transactions in one go, customize liquidity schemes via drag-and-drop tools, and receive AI-based bill reminders and personalized biller recommendations. On the trade side, Kopra supports digital issuance and QR-verified guarantees, with real-time tracking and full ERP integration for faster, more seamless operations.
How does Kopra Embedded Finance strengthen Mandiri’s open banking strategy?
Kopra Embedded Finance extends Mandiri’s digital reach, enabling more than 200 API-based services that connect directly with clients’ ERP systems. This allows treasury teams to manage payments, collections, and working capital securely—without leaving their internal platforms. Over 1,000 clients already leverage this capability, making Kopra a regional benchmark in open-banking treasury innovation.
How does Kopra create value across the value chain?
Kopra builds closed-loop ecosystems linking corporates, suppliers, retailers, and consumers. By integrating with Livin’ by Mandiri, businesses can send bills and receive payments instantly, while Livin’ Merchant supports MSME digitalization in sectors such as FMCG. This connected ecosystem enhances convenience, trust, and sustainable growth.
How is AI shaping Kopra’s evolution?
We’re embedding AI to forecast cash flows, personalize product recommendations, and detect anomalies. Soon, we’ll launch AI-powered trade document verification and transparency scoring to strengthen risk management. Ultimately, our mission is simple: use technology to simplify complexity and empower clients to grow smarter.
In 2011, Facebook and Twitter were seen as radical new tools for uprisings like the Arab Spring. Fast forward to 2025, and today’s activists operate on a whole different level. From Nepal to Madagascar, Al Jazeera’s Linh Nguyen looks at how young people, in particular Gen Z, are protesting.
Former members of the military will be able to start applying for a digital version of their identity cards from Friday.
About 1.8 million veterans are eligible to download the new digital ID to a smartphone – with ministers saying the rollout can serve as a “case study” to show the public how the technology for a planned scheme for all British citizens and residents will work.
Physical veterans’ cards will continue to be issued, but the digital version will allow holders to prove their status more easily to access to public services, the government says.
Digital government minister Ian Murray said the veterans’ digital ID could also help address “legitimate concerns around privacy and security” of the UK-wide scheme.
The digital veteran card is optional but the government says it will allow former service personnel to show their entitlement to services such as GP and mental health support, supported housing, careers advice as well as reduced entry prices at museums and money off their shopping.
Murray said the veterans ID was “probably a demonstration to the public by default… on the basis that this is the first use case for having a digital credential on your smartphone, and that digital credential is the first sort of verifiable one that government have now launched”.
Technology Secretary Liz Kendall said: “We are modernising our public services so they work around people’s lives and keep pace with the digital world we live in.
“The digital veterans’ card will help remove barriers, reduce red-tape and make it easier for people to access the public services they need.”
At a roundtable at the bank’s headquarters in Cairo, CIB’s leadership team discusses expansion in Africa, commitment to sustainable finance, growing digital banking tools, and the future for the bank.
Global Finance celebrated the 50th anniversary of Commercial International Bank (CIB), Egypt’s largest private sector bank and a driving force in the transformation of Egypt’s banking sector, by holding a roundtable discussion.
The event, hosted at CIB’s headquarters in Cairo, gathered the bank’s top leadership team to discuss the bank’s history, how CIB has positioned itself as the leader in Egypt’s banking sector, and how it will continue to pursue growth while delivering innovative banking services for its clients.
The panel included:
CEO and Executive Board Member Hisham Ezz Al-Arab
Deputy CEO and Executive Board Member Amr El-Ganainy
Group Chief Finance and Operations Officer and Executive Board Member Islam Zekry
Global Markets CEO Omar El-Husseiny
Chief Retail, Commercial Banking, and Financial Inclusion Executive Rashwan Hammady
Hisham Ezz Al-Arab | CEO
Hisham Ezz Al-Arab was reappointed CEO of Commercial International Bank (CIB) – Egypt in September 2024. With over 40 years of international banking experience, he has served as CIB’s chairman (2023-2024), and as Chairman and MD (2002–2020). He also founded and chairs the CIB Foundation, which provides healthcare access for over 7 million underprivileged Egyptian children.
Global Finance: What major milestones has the bank achieved over the past 50 years, and what are some of the lessons learned?
Hisham Ezz Al-Arab: Well, you have to give credit to National Bank of Egypt (NBE) and Chase Manhattan for setting up CIB back in the 1970s, because it changed how commercial banking is being conducted. CIB at the time it was Chase National Bank—was the leader in credit lending. They changed the concept of asset lending into cash flow lending, and that was new. People used to lend against collateral and not against expected cash flow; that was a major change in the way of thinking. This was the tip of the iceberg that led the change. Below that there’s a very solid culture, to accept change, to innovate, to have something new all the time, and that carried on over the years. When I joined the bank in 1999, it was one of the large private sector banks. The management at the time and the board decided that we needed to make what you call a “major change.” We needed to be market leaders, and this was the time the bank made a lot of changes. From 1999 until about 2004, CIB was a market leader, applying all international standards and doing things really not required by domestic regulation but applied internationally.
CIB was the market leader in implementing the Basel III requirements in 2012 for asset liability management, not only for the credit flow and cash flow lending. We started to move to other areas of the commercial economy. Establishing for instance the World Risk Committee, Governance Committee, Immigration Committee, Illumination Committee—all of those things were not required by the Egyptian Law.
In 2005, NBE exited from CIB. We were very meticulous, as a board to make sure that the buyer would add value. And this is where the other journey started, in 2006. A consortium led by Ripplewood in the US became the key shareholders, with three representatives on the board. And this is another era when the bank started to change. We had solid board members who added a lot of value, selecting board members meticulously became a part of our culture. When ADQ bought a stake in CIB back in 2022, the quality of the board members was also outstanding. The critical thing is not the money, it’s the contribution of the board members.
Amr El-Ganainy | Deputy CEO
Amr El-Ganainy has served as deputy CEO and an Executive Board member of CIB since October 2023. He joined CIB in 2004 as general manager, Financial Institutions Group, and he successfully led the department through his strong business relationships in the market on the local and regional fronts.
GF: CIB has a growing presence across Africa with operations in Kenya and Ethiopia. Tell us about this experience and where the opportunities for further cross-border expansion are.
Islam Zekry: CIB’s expansion into Africa reflects our long-term vision to position the bank as a leading regional financial institution, exporting banking excellence into high-growth, strategically relevant markets. Our cross-border growth strategy prioritizes: sustainable value creation over pursuit of scale for its own sake, digital enablement to overcome infrastructure limitations and accelerate access, and facilitation of intra-African trade and investment flows, leveraging Egypt’s pivotal regional position.
Our ultimate objective is to build a resilient, scalable, and commercially viable cross-border banking model that reinforces CIB’s footprint across the continent.
So for an Egyptian bank operating from Cairo, there are two value corridors we can chase. One is the more-than-famous remittance corridor and the other is the East African trade corridor. This is basically the natural expansion for our corporate clients based here in Cairo, and this is where most of the trade exposure for the Egyptian customer is coming from.
Second, the go-to-market was completely different, because when you approach a country like Kenya, where it’s very cloudfriendly, very digitally savvy, very advanced from a payments perspective, we thought what kind of value we could bring to the market? So we brought cash flow lending and enhanced the quality of the payment processes with our global partners. By the end of the year, we will also introduce private and wealth management services.
We are ready to reposition Nairobi as our East Africa headquarters because of huge operational synergies. It’s not about expanding the footprint or putting another flag on the CIB global map; it is about amplifying Cairo and Nairobi’s synergies. We also set an exploration phase in Ethiopia and some other targets on the east coast of Africa, but what matters for us is the value creation.
Islam Zekry | Group Chief Finance and Operations Officer
Islam Zekry is the group chief finance and operations officer at CIB, serving as an Executive Board director and a member of CIB’s Executive Committee and CIB Kenya’s board. He joined CIB in 2004 and became its first chief data officer in 2016, leading data analytics and quant finance platforms.
GF: And where is the room for growth in Africa or elsewhere?
Zekry: We see strong growth potential across East Africa and tradelinked corridors in Northeast Africa. Beyond the continent, the Gulf markets and selected European hubs with strong diaspora links offer promising opportunities in remittances and digital cross-border services.
What differentiates CIB is our ability to combine deep banking expertise with local market insights, digitally enabled platforms tailored for premier banking services and underserved segments, and a client-centric model integrating transaction banking, advisory, and customer advanced and tailored solutions.
As an example, in Kenya, we’re enhancing SME lending through digital partnerships, leveraging the country’s well-developed ecosystem. We’re also advancing digital channels to scale access and deepen client engagement.
Al-Arab: Regional expansion is also about Egyptians outside of Egypt. How can we reach them and how can we facilitate their banking transactions? That’s something that is critical for our future banking services.
GF: Sustainable finance has been a true commitment for CIB. Tell us about the bank’s major achievements in this sector and CIB’s commitment to integrating sustainable finance across the board.
Amr El-Ganainy: CIB launched the first corporate green bond in Egypt, with a value of $100 million. This was a landmark transaction in Egypt and was important in supporting Egypt’s transition to a greener economy. Our aim is to play a pivotal role for all companies, and we are committed to helping the private sector transition to a more carbon-neutral future.
Zekry: At CIB, sustainable finance is not treated as a side initiative, it’s at the core of how we operate and grow.
When we partnered with the IFC to issue Egypt’s first green bond, that was virtually unheard of at the time. Today, that kind of financing is embedded in our business model. In fact, when we launched our five-year strategy just last week, ESG wasn’t a separate chapter, it was present throughout.
As we expand across Africa, a significant share of our growth will come from transitional finance, particularly in agricultural and underserved communities. We’re introducing specialized services in these areas: not just as a development goal, but because they make strong business sense.
Even internally, we’ve evolved how we assess performance. For example, our Green Asset Ratio is now a core part of our capital adequacy review, with a clear target to grow it by additional 1% to 2% annually. That’s how seriously we take it.
And to be clear, this is not just a corporate responsibility exercise. It’s part of our value creation strategy. In fact, transitional finance has been shown to deliver enhanced returns, often generating 50 to 100 basis points above conventional lending. So it’s both impactful and commercially sound.
Omar El-Husseiny | Chief Global Markets Executive
Omar El-Husseiny is the Chief Global Markets at CIB and a member of the Bank’s Executive Committee. As Chief Global Markets, he is responsible for key strategic areas including Financial Institutions, Debt Capital Markets, Treasury, Enterprise Governmental Relations, and Global Transaction Banking, ensuring alignment with the Bank’s broader growth agenda.
Mr. El-Husseiny spent his career at CIB, having joined after completing his Bachelor of Business Administration at the Faculty of Commerce at Cairo University in 2001. He holds an MBA in Banking and Finance from the Maastricht School of Management (MsM) and a Graduate School of Banking Diploma from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. In 2019, he completed the Corporate Finance & Credit Program at J.P. Morgan.
GF: Another item on top of the agenda, naturally, is digital banking and transformation. Walk us through CIB’s digital journey.
Rashwan Hammady: Our penetration of digital products across the base, whether in the consumer part, commercial banking, or SMEs or corporate banking, continues to grow over the past couple years. We’ve reached a stage where digital isn’t just about technology, it’s about understanding human needs and behavior. Our core focus now is reshaping our internal culture to understand and serve the next-generation consumer, those who are digitally native, community-led, and brand-critical. Gen Z and digital entrepreneurs will shape the next 20 years of financial services. Our job is to anticipate, not react to, how they live, earn, and make decisions. We’re embedding design thinking, real-time analytics, and personalization into our operating model. It’s less about digital “products” and more about building bespoke and lifestyle-driven experiences.
Omar El-Husseiny: Combining digital transformation and international expansion is no longer a luxury; as a financial service provider, it’s a must. This is where we see the bank moving forward. This is the only way we can expand locally and internationally, therefore, maximizing shareholder value. One takeaway from the past 50 years is how the bank continuously adapts to evolving trends and developments.
GF: How do you use digital tools to target regional expansion?
Al-Arab: For now, there are certain regulatory requirements that we are working on with the regulator, and when that is completed, it will allow us to provide services for individuals overseas. We want to do it seamlessly: simple, easy. The idea is that you are sitting on your sofa somewhere and you want to send money to your family. You don’t need to go to the bank. You want to pay your bills? You don’t need to travel. You don’t even need to make a phone call. It’s a new lifestyle. If you don’t keep developing, you will be left behind.
One thing I want to stress is that CIB is an Egyptian company. Apple is an American company. Where do you manufacture your product? That’s irrelevant. The idea that because we are an Egyptian company, we have to be local and not use the world to grow our market, is wrong. We have to use the world.
Hammady: We were one of the first players in the mobile wallet space. We’ve acquired more than 1.5 million customers via CIB’s mobile wallet. Our strategy now is more geared towards partnerships; we don’t need to build everything. So that maybe we’ll be the manufacturer of products and digital assets and a partner will be responsible for distribution, service, and access. True financial inclusion isn’t about opening accounts, it’s about changing behavior. We’ve realized that literacy and trust gaps in Egypt require a hybrid approach, yes, but more importantly, we need localized design experience. That’s why we’ve built a partnership model where we develop financial products while distribution and education are handled by partners with community reach.
This is how we unlock scale: regulatory-grade infrastructure with grassroots access. The WE partnership will bring banking to millions of new users. They have more than a thousand branches, and this partnership helps us promote financial inclusion across the country. We are expecting to launch that within the coming six to nine months, and that will cater to millions of customers, especially in non-urban communities, small cities, and villages across the country.
El-Husseiny: Egypt’s economy continues to rely heavily on cash transactions. This reliance places additional pressure on the money supply and constrains tax revenue collection, exacerbating inflation and expanding the budget deficit. Therefore, encouraging financial inclusion and digital transformation benefits CIB and the banking sector and is critical for border economic prosperity.
Rashwan Hammady is chief retail, commercial banking and financial inclusion executive at CIB. With over two decades of experience at the bank, he has spearheaded the launch of several landmark and innovative products and segment propositions, enhancing CIB’s ability to serve its growing customer base of over 3 million clients.
GF: You were mentioning partnerships. Are we talking partnerships with fintechs? With other players? How do you choose your partners?
Hammady: Our philosophy is simple: We build bespoke, compliant, scalable financial infrastructure and services; our partners provide complementary customer reach and engagement. Whether it’s telcoms, e-commerce platforms, or government entities, we choose collaborators who already command trust and attention across Egypt. This allows us to plug into ecosystems where our products become invisible, but indispensable. We’re now scaling this partner-led model not only in Egypt but also as part of our pan-African expansion.
Zekry: Our partnership model is quite unique in that it brings together three core pillars: data, digital, and design.
We’re data-driven, always seeking deeper insights into customer behavior and proactively working to enhance demand capacity. We’re digital by design, using technology to extend our reach and optimize cost-to-serve, especially in high-potential but underserved markets. And we focus strongly on experience design, because we believe that how customers engage with banking still matters, perhaps now more than ever.
When it comes to choosing partners—whether fintechs, infrastructure providers, or even talent networks—we look for alignment on those three dimensions.
We’re also deeply committed to building from the region, for the region. The team here is working tirelessly to reverse the brain drain—attracting top talent from Egypt and across Africa—to help build the banking operating system of tomorrow. We see partnerships as tactical and strategic enablers of long-term innovation.
GF: How is AI opening new doors?
Zekry: While AI has been around conceptually since the 1960s, what’s fundamentally different today is that we’re finally placing these technologies in a meaningful economic and operational context. We’re using AI and data analytics not just to automate, but to understand customer behavior, personalize services, and improve decision-making at scale.
At CIB, we’re investing heavily in building a group-wide data infrastructure: not only in Egypt, but across our African footprint. One clear opportunity lies in streamlining KYC and compliance processes. By creating an integrated data warehouse and sharing verified customer intelligence across our markets, we expect to reduce the cost to serve by 20%-30%. To put that in perspective, I recently came across a study citing EGP2 billion in redundancy costs from duplicative KYC efforts in London’s financial sector. Now imagine the potential savings if we could address that at a pan-African scale. The impact is enormous.
GF: What is the future of CIB?
El-Ganainy: Being Egypt’s largest publicly listed firm and the country’s leading private bank we set our strategy not only to respond to the opportunities emerging today, but to actively shape the Egypt of tomorrow.
We are the leaders in Egypt, and the future is expanding our leadership and investments across Africa and the Middle East.
Zekry: I see CIB evolving into a true business platform: not just in the digital sense, but as a regional and global enabler of investment, innovation, and growth.
We aspire to be a platform that attracts capital, connects businesses, and delivers a new standard of banking experiences—all while being proudly rooted in Egypt. Whether it’s manufacturers expanding from Egypt to the world or clients across Africa and beyond accessing seamless financial services, CIB will be there: facilitating, enabling, and leading.
The future of CIB is not only about being a great bank, but about becoming a trusted gateway to opportunity: for customers, investors, and the economies we serve.
El-Husseiny: I joined the bank 23 years ago, at a time when most of our work was conducted on paper. I’ve taken part in a remarkable transformation, from manual processes to desktop computers, and eventually to digital-first services. CIB will continue to be Egypt’s leading private-sector bank, and our ambition goes beyond national borders. What sets us apart is our ability to adapt to customers’ evolving needs. It’s not just about providing exceptional banking services; it’s about being a trusted financial advisor.
Integrating AI and technologies into our operations is essential. What endures is the customer experience. People will continue to need physical bank branches. CIB has significant room to grow in Egypt. During our strategy process, we asked our staff where they envision the bank in the next 5,10,20, or even 50 years.
The vast majority of our team shared a common vision: we have spent the past 50 years building a strong and successful institution in Egypt, and for the next 50 years, it’s time to expand beyond our borders. As we have developed a proven model, it is time to take that knowledge and expertise abroad, creating shared value through knowledge exchange. Expanding internationally aligns with diversity- a core element of our culture.
We’ve been very successful over the past 50 years in cultivating diversity in Egypt. It’s time to take that success global, where we believe we have the experience and strength to compete.
Hammady: Innovation, for us, is the art of institutional selfdisruption. Over the last decade, CIB has reinvented its business model multiple times: from a corporate-first bank to an inclusive, data-led, multi-segment powerhouse. We are now moving toward a model where the bank is a modular service provider, able to plug into ecosystems across borders. My belief is that our next evolution will see us not only as a bank but as a financial operating system for the region.
Al-Arab: The thing I tell the team and my colleagues is: We are as good as our dreams. You dream small, you remain small. You dream big, you will get there. Be ambitious.
The first female governor of the National Bank of Cambodia is upbeat about its ability to navigate global and internal uncertainties and capitalize on pending reforms.
Global Finance: What is the outlook for growth and inflation for the remainder of 2025?
Chea Serey: Cambodia’s economy is projected to grow around 5% in 2025 based on the government’s latest projection. During the first seven months, economic growth expanded robustly, although uneven across sectors. Garment exports surged 21.3% due to front-loading orders ahead of US tariffs, while non-garment exports rose 14%, benefiting from diversification policies, but this momentum may ease later this year. Simultaneously, tourism recovered steadily before the Cambodia-Thailand border conflict, though modest growth is expected going forward.
Inflation is forecast at 2.4% in 2025, driven by the softening of oil and food prices. Despite the border closure disrupting Cambodia-Thailand trade, the impact on inflation has been marginal. Price stability is also attributed to the stable exchange rate.
GF: The second and third sub-programs of the “Inclusive and Sustainable Financial Development Program” run until 2029. How will they effect change in Cambodia’s financial system?
Serey: The second and third sub-programs will strengthen Cambodia’s financial system by improving stability, expanding access, and supporting sustainable growth. We are focusing on financial literacy, consumer protection, and wider access to digital and non-bank services—especially for women and underserved groups. At the same time, we’re introducing sustainable finance tools and enhancing oversight to ensure long-term resilience. New financial products and market developments will help channel investment, increase liquidity, and promote use of the riel. These reforms are key to building a modern, inclusive, and sustainable financial system for Cambodia’s future.
GF: How has the use of the Bakong altered Cambodia’s financial landscape?
Serey: Launched in October 2020, the blockchain-based Bakong system has transformed Cambodia’s financial sector by addressing payment platform interoperability, promoting financial inclusion, enhancing efficiency in payment systems, and strengthening payment in local currency. By July 2025, it had 70 banking and financial member institutions, reaching over 34 million accounts. As of 2024, Bakong processed 600 million transactions worth $147 billion, some three times the value of Cambodia’s GDP. The National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) continues its efforts to promote the usage of the Bakong system by partnering with regional countries like Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Lao PDR, Korea, China, as well as Japan, and facilitating convenient digital payments for tourists via the new Bakong Tourists App.
GF: Is the threat of debt distress when the forbearance regime is lifted in December of great concern?
Serey: To ease debt burdens, loan restructuring has been provided to vulnerable groups and businesses impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic and ongoing border conflict. Non-performing loans (NPL) reached 8% as of Q2 2025; this number is partly due to the sharp slowdown in credit growth to 2% when faced with global and internal uncertainties. The NBC is monitoring closely the adequate provisioning and the overall performance of financial institutions because of this high NPL. On the systemic level, financial institutions’ capital adequacy ratios remain strong with ample liquidity. The NBC will continue to monitor debt overhang and maintain flexibility in its macroprudential policies. It is especially important for us to be a strong guardian of financial stability and support economic activity during challenging and uncertain times like right now.
A brand new series of Have I Got News For You aired on TV recently but the first episode didn’t quite go to plan, forcing the show’s episode to be axed from BBC iPlayer
Victoria also went on social media to correct the error herself(Image: CREDIT LINE:BBC/Hat Trick)
Have I Got News For You’s recent false claim has since been blamed on “digital natives”. The first episode in the new series of the iconic show included a segment where presenter Victoria Coren Mitchell incorrectly claimed that a contract to roll out the Government’s new ID cards has been handed to Multiverse.
Multiverse is a company run by the son of former prime minister Tony Blair, Euan. Jimmy Mulville, who is the founder of the show’s producer Hat Trick Productions, spoke about the mistake.
Speaking on Insiders: The TV Podcast: “What was interesting was this, and this is why I want to talk about it, is that because we now have generations of younger producers who are coming into the business, and they are digital natives, they’re called.
“They’re marinated in social media, and I said, ‘where did we get this story?’, and apparently, the story was put on by a freelance journalist, I won’t mention her name, a freelance journalist who put on her Twitter feed this story about Euan Blair and ID cards.
“And the producer said, ‘well, it had nearly three million views that day’, so it must be true, and no one questioned it. I went, ‘ok, and did we verify anywhere else?’, and then faces became very red around the table, and god bless them, they’re a fantastic team, and they felt terrible about this, really, really awful.
“Which is the right response, and so we’ve now got a new rule, we don’t take stories off social media.” He said that “normally” his team would make sure they had a second source before writing the script for the show but this time that didn’t happen.
The post which is referred to in the podcast is still on X which has been viewed almost three million times in total.
Mulville added: “It’s not defamatory in any way, in fact, the lawyers didn’t pick up on it, our lawyers and the BBC lawyers, didn’t pick up on it.
“It’s a low level mistake, but nevertheless, it is indicative, and it was good to spot it, because what you wouldn’t want to do is to make some kind of egregious claim about somebody and it is defamatory.”
The BBC apologised for the mistake after it was broadcast and the episode was removed from iPlayer last weekend. It was then edited and re-uploaded with the incorrect information removed.
Meanwhile, presenter Victoria also went on social media to correct the error herself as well.
The UK government plans to introduce digital ID cards to curb illegal immigration, requiring employers to verify workers’ status. The scheme has faced strong opposition over its effectiveness and privacy concerns. Al Jazeera’s Ruby Zaman tells us more.
Sept. 26 (UPI) — United Kingdom citizens and permanent residents will get digital ID cards that will make it easier to access health care, welfare, child care and other public services, the government said.
U.K Prime Minister Keir Starmer introduced the plan. But ID cards have been a contentious issue in the U.K. since the end of World War II. Civil rights campaigners argue it infringes personal liberty and puts people’s information at risk.
Petitions with more than 100,000 names get a debate in parliament, but it almost never changes the government’s decisions.
The ID will make it easier to hire workers, according to the Recruitment and Employment Confederation’s Neil Carberry.
“We use digital ID every day, from paying on our phones to travel and event tickets,” The Guardian reported Carberry said in a statement. “There is no reason that the state should fall behind.
“By providing ID documents it already supplies digitally, the government can unlock faster job starts, and lower administration burdens in our labor market — as well as a faster, more accurate benefits system. This gives us a more fluent and dynamic job market — just what you need to achieve economic growth.”
One U.K. official said using the ID cards isn’t mandatory, but, Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy said, “It will be compulsory if you want to work in this country, so you’ll have to show that to be able to prove that you have the right to work.”
She said it will help prevent people from working illegally.
“The problem with national insurance numbers is that they’re not linked to anything else. So they’re not linked, for example, to photo ID, so you can’t verify that the person in front of you is actually the person whose national insurance number that you’re looking at, and we’ve seen a real rise in the amount of identity theft and people losing documents and then finding that their identity has been stolen,” Nandy said.
Tory leader Kemi Badenock said that the IDs announcement is a desperate gimmick that will do nothing to stop the [immigration] boats. There are arguments for and against digital ID, but mandating its use would be a very serious step that requires a proper national debate.”
Former Prime Minister Tony Blair tried to create biometric ID cards, but strong opposition made him abandon the idea.
The scheme, which government says will curb undocumented immigration, has drawn criticism from across the political spectrum.
The United Kingdom has announced plans to introduce a digital ID scheme in a bid to curb undocumented immigration.
Announced by the government on Friday, the scheme will see the digital ID of British citizens and residents held on phones. The government said there will be no requirement for individuals to carry their ID or be asked to produce it, but that it will be “mandatory” for workers.
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The UK has long resisted the idea of Identity cards, which were abolished after World War II, but Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s Labour government is under pressure to tackle immigration that populist forces claim is uncontrolled.
The free digital ID would include a person’s name, date of birth, and photo, as well as information on their nationality and residency status.
It will be “mandatory as a means of proving your right to work”, a government statement said.
“This will stop those with no right to be here from being able to find work, curbing their prospect of earning money, one of the key ‘pull factors’ for people who come to the UK illegally,” it added.
The digital ID will also make it simpler to apply for services like driving licences, childcare and welfare, while streamlining access to tax records, the statement said.
“Digital ID is an enormous opportunity for the UK… It will also offer ordinary citizens countless benefits,” Starmer said. “It will make it tougher to work illegally in this country, making our borders more secure.”
‘Digitally excluded’
The plans, which the government had previously said it was considering, drew criticism from across the political spectrum.
The centrist Liberal Democrats said they would not support mandatory digital ID where people are “forced to turn over their private data just to go about their daily lives”.
Liberal Democrats cannot support mandatory digital IDs. People shouldn’t be criminalised just because they don’t want to hand over their private data. pic.twitter.com/mEzV7s9vUf
Kemi Badenoch, leader of the opposition Conservative Party, wrote on X that her party “will oppose any push by this organisation or the government to impose mandatory ID cards on law-abiding citizens”.
“We will not support any system that is mandatory for British people or excludes those of us who choose not to use it from any of the rights of our citizenship,” she added.
The far-right Reform UK party called the plans a “cynical ploy” designed to “fool” voters into thinking something is being done about immigration.
It also sought to tap into longstanding British suspicions regarding national ID schemes, which are common in most of Europe.
“It will make no difference to illegal immigration, but it will be used to control and penalise the rest of us,” said Reform leader Nigel Farage.
I am firmly opposed to @Keir_Starmer’s digital ID cards.
It will make no difference to illegal immigration, but it will be used to control and penalise the rest of us.
In the 2000s, the Labour Party, then led by Tony Blair, attempted to introduce an identity card, but the plan was eventually dropped by Blair’s successor, Gordon Brown, after opposition called it an infringement of civil liberties.
However, with populist narratives regarding immigration now rife, the government appears to be betting that such concerns will override the longstanding opposition.
The timing of the announcement appears no coincidence, coming as Labour prepares to hold its annual conference.
A petition demanding that ID cards not be introduced had collected 575,000 signatures by early Friday, but recent polling suggests majority support for the move.
Daniel Chapo, Mozambique’s youngest and fifth president, joins Centre Stage for an in-depth conversation about leading a nation at a crossroads. Fifty years after independence, Mozambique is navigating the challenges of a young democracy—from conflict and displacement to the urgent need for inclusive development.
President Chapo shares how he’s tackling these issues while working to position Mozambique as a key player in Southern Africa. He talks about the country’s past, the importance of unity and his vision for a peaceful, prosperous future.
This company is doing the hard work to secure its future supply of a key input.
It’s often said that picks and shovels made more fortunes in gold rushes than most prospectors. In crypto’s version of the story, the picks are electricity, mining chips, and hardware uptime. And that’s where Marathon Digital Holdings(MARA -0.40%) aims to win by operating as an industrial-scale and increasingly efficient miner of Bitcoin.
After Bitcoin’s most recent halving, only miners with cheap, reliable energy and top-tier efficiency can thrive. Marathon’s strategy is built around both. Let’s map out if an investment might help turn Marathon investors into millionaires.
Image source: Getty Images.
Cost and clean power are the moat
In terms of the company’s production capacity, Marathon’s management targets 75 exahash of computing capability by the end of 2025, up by more than 40% from 2024. Efficiency has been trending the right way; after closing 2024 at roughly 20 joules of energy per terahash of computing power (J/TH), its hardware fleet was improved to about 18.3 J/TH by the second quarter of 2025, marking a meaningful cut.
To accomplish that and future efficiency improvements, the company expects to begin energizing its Texas wind power generation site in the second half of 2025. If it can secure further cheap renewable energy buildouts, its self-powering operations will have a competitive advantage that could drive significant returns over the long run.
Is this a millionaire maker?
Marathon currently has 52,477 BTC, which ties its operating results tightly to price appreciation of the coin over time. If we assume Bitcoin will continue to gain value over time, could buying shares of this business mint millionaires?
The 100x outcome that’s necessary to create millionaires implies a process of massive value creation; Marathon’s market cap is currently $6.5 billion. Marathon could, over the course of years, exhibit such value creation via its energy investments, assuming Bitcoin cooperates and the mining company’s execution is solid.
So it isn’t impossible, but it isn’t a safe base case to do your investment planning around, either. Marathon’s potential rewards come with significant risks.
Change and uncertainty have become a new normal for capital markets in recent years. As the established powerhouse of global economic growth, Asian economies have borne much of the impact of this unpredictability. This year, capital markets in Asia have seen fluctuating returns, and a sense of investor nervousness that slowed inbound flows.
Yet with regional wealth continuing to grow steadily, Asia’s long-term investment outlook remains unshaken, according to Ee Fong Soh, Group Head of Financial Institutions, Securities & Fiduciary Services, Global Transaction Services at DBS. The Asia-Pacific region is expected to lead the expansion of global financial wealth, with annual growth projected at 9% through 2029 – far more than any other region1.
“Urbanising demographics and rising wealth continue to boost investment interest among high-net-worth, retail, and institutional investors across the region,” Soh highlights. Moreover, for investors in Asia and around the world, digital assets have moved into focus.
Ee Fong Soh, Group Head Financial Institutions, Securities & Fiduciary Services, Global Transaction Services at DBS
Fortifying Regulatory Foundations In Digital Assets
Regulators are demonstrating clear ambitions to encourage the growing interest in digital assets, with the US leading the charge.
In July, US regulators passed the stablecoin-focused Genius Act, with other legislative projects underway. According to Soh, crypto natives are welcoming this change, especially because lawmakers are looking to protect investors.
However, regulators are understandably prudent in enacting the legislation. Against the backdrop of the rising demand, they must balance multiple priorities – most crucially, investor protection and the stability of the financial system.
As such, investors should “keep a sharp eye on developments, while also understanding that regulators will move at different paces, and that a complete framework is still some time away,” Soh recommends.
Old Meets New
“In custody, the near-term implication is the need to support a hybrid investment environment,” says Soh, who in 2025 was named The Asset’s Digital Custodian Banker of the Year.
However, the distinct characteristics of digital vs traditional assets make the concurrent trading and settlement of both complex.
Many equity exchanges, for example, follow T+2 settlement with restricted trading hours. Crypto currencies (and other digital assets) move 24/7, with near instant settlement. Managing these two parallels with consistent servicing is a new, complicated reality for custodians. “Many are still learning to manage the sheer velocity of transactions in a multi-chain world,” says Soh.
Other unresolved issues include AML and KYC concerns on public chains. The lack of unified governance over onchain due diligence exemplifies the broader struggle of keeping regulation in step with growth. In addition, the high cost of fraud insurance covering digital assets, and persistent concerns over cyber security, particularly in relation to crypto currencies remain significant. In 1H 2025, more assets were stolen in crypto-related crimes than in all of 20242.
While they remain high, Soh believes these hurdles are not unsurmountable. “Banks, industry partners, and regulators must work together, combining intelligence, data, and technology to support this prospering landscape,” she adds.
Amalgamating Opportunities
Given the additional risk concerns, asset safety is at the forefront of product innovation. As both Asia’s Safest Bank and the Best Digital Assets Custody Specialist in APAC, DBS maintains safety as a central principle when developing solutions to meet the growing regional demand for digital assets.
Under the new reality of a hybrid environment, DBS is developing new solutions and services to meet demand. The Bank announced its tokenised structured notes on the Ethereum public blockchain and offering it to eligible investors on third-party digital investment platforms and digital exchanges. By ensuring more flexible and accessible investment opportunities in crypto, this move supports DBS’ ambitions to democratise investing. The Bank’s fiduciary services are expanding accordingly. For example, in 2024, DBS began supporting stablecoin issuers with custody services.
“For us, safety is always paramount, so for this emerging area of custody, we ensure onchain segregation of proprietary assets, in line with the latest regulations.”
Ee Fong Soh, Group Head Financial Institutions, Securities & Fiduciary Services, Global Transaction Services at DBS
Emerging technology is also providing opportunities to bring new efficiencies to investor processes. For example, DBS continues to leverage APIs to aid in the reporting of fiat and digital assets settlement, providing clients with instant transaction assurance.
Distinct Markets, Multiple New Realities
When it comes to a region as diverse as Asia, it is critical to remember that no one market is the same. “As with any emerging asset class, we evaluate investor demand and regulatory readiness on a market-by-market basis – as well as at the regional level,” says Soh.
To keep abreast with evolving regulations and emerging opportunities in the region, she urges investors to lean on a trusted provider with attention to detail and relentless focus on safety.
India’s Tata Technologies joined the rush last month to make digital battery passports (DBPs) standard issue for electric vehicles and industrial batteries, with the launch of WATTSync.
The cloud-based platform uses AI to monitor battery health, blockchain for data integrity, and to scale across regions.
WATTSync aligns with the European Union’s requirement for DBPs, effective as of February 2027. The regulations require batteries sold in the EU to include a digital record via a QR code containing data on material origin, carbon footprint, compliance, recycling efficiency, and more.
China has launched its own DBP initiative and is exploring extending it to resource-intensive industries such as textiles and steel. The US, the UK, Japan, Canada, and India are all progressing toward developing their own DBP standards. Notable companies that have already launched DBPs, include Bosch SDS, AVL, DENSO, Umicore, Open Battery Passport, Siemens, and BloqSens AG.
DBPs provide a comprehensive digital record of a battery’s lifecycle, from mining to recycling, ensuring compliance with the EU Battery Regulation and other relevant supply chain rules. Each DBP has three data layers: a public layer with QR codes for general information, a restricted layer with sensitive technical and sourcing data for authorized entities, and a dynamic layer that updates performance metrics.
The DPB assigns each battery a unique digital identity that tracks its lifecycle and stores data on origin, composition, performance and durability, carbon footprint, manufacturing details, and other key factors. The aim is to reduce hazardous waste and support circular economy initiatives by repurposing batteries for stationary energy storage and recycling. Requiring DBPs, as the EU is doing, addresses the increasing need for supply chain transparency in the EV industry, thereby enhancing market confidence and possibly raising the resale prices of electric cars.
The Global Battery Alliance (GBA), backed by governments and industry, first introduced the concept of the digital battery passport in January 2023 and is widely recognized as the global standard for battery transparency.
Why more countries are recognising the State of Palestine.
The United Kingdom, France, Canada and Australia are among a new wave of countries planning to recognise Palestine as a state at this year’s United Nations General Assembly meeting. What does this actually mean? And what, if anything, does it change?
This episode features:
Shibley Telhami | Professor for peace and development at the University of Maryland
Diana Buttu | Palestinian lawyer and analyst
Michael Lynk | Professor emeritus of law at Western University and former United Nations special rapporteur on human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories
Explore the exciting world of Digital Realty Trust(NYSE: DLR) with our contributing expert analysts in this Motley Fool Scoreboard episode. Check out the video below to gain valuable insights into market trends and potential investment opportunities!
*Stock prices used were the prices of Aug. 13, 2025. The video was published on Sep. 10, 2025.
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Banks in the Asia-Pacific region are pushing boundaries with bank-to-enterprise API connections, AI-powered insights, and the integration of generative AI (GenAI) as a driver of efficiency.
Taiwan’s CTBC Bank leads with direct bank-to-enterprise API connections for seamless enterprise resource planning transactions, an app that is friendly for SMEs to use for paperless operations, and real-time foreign exchange hedging. This year, CTBC plans to launch supply chain finance software on the SAP Global Store and has developed its AI-powered EI6 enterprise intelligence platform for proactive financial consulting, positioning the bank as a strategic partner beyond traditional banking.
Following suit in digital innovation, Singapore’s DBS has demonstrated leadership in the SME sector. Streamlined onboarding facilitates expedited account opening, while GenAI has reduced know-your-customer (KYC) processing time by 33%. AI-powered personalization has increased outward payments by 29% and boosted balances in current accounts and savings accounts.
Strategic partnerships, such as One-Click Payroll, have increased new customer acquisition by 35%, according to DBS reports. The DBS RAPID API suite has handled 900 million corporate API calls so far, with usage in Hong Kong increasing by 17% in 2024. DBS also uses an AI-powered Digital Twin Customer Service Officer and is testing Joy, a GenAI bot that focuses on technologically advanced customer service and efficiency.
Mirroring this commitment to advanced technology, Bankee Social Bank is Taiwan’s foremost cryptocurrency-friendly banking institution, overseeing over 90% of Taiwan’s virtual-asset cash flows. Bankee combines Web 3.0 and AI, establishing global benchmarks in fraud prevention with its 4D Full-Dimensional AI Intelligent Anti-Fraud System, which has prevented over 300 million New Taiwan dollars (about US$9.8 million) in fraudulent transactions, with a 98.7% accuracy rate.
Founded by Far Eastern International Bank, Bankee operates on a sharing economy paradigm, engaging customers in product development and profit distribution. It functions as both a bank-as-a-platform (BaaP) and bank-as-a-service (BaaS), fostering a comprehensive financial ecosystem through strategic partnerships and open APIs aimed at augmenting its digital customer base.
Banks across Western Europe are reimagining financial services by blending traditional strengths with fintech-inspired innovations, creating more integrated, digital-first, and customer-centric experiences.
Traditional banks and agile neobanks in Western Europe are creating an integrated and personalized banking experience that emphasizes cocreation, extensive digital upgrades, and native digital efficiencies.
Portugal’s Millennium bcp has focused on cocreation with SMEs to develop a platform that simplifies complex processes and enhances accessibility, aligning with the broader trend toward a seamless, integrated, and personalized banking experience. Its success in digital transformation, recognized by high satisfaction scores, showcases how established banks are adopting a fintech-like approach to meet client needs. Turkey’s Isbank has also simplified and significantly upgraded its digital services, offering fully digital onboarding and a revamped super-app.
The banks prioritize an intuitive and efficient digital experience. Isbank leads in open banking and introducing comprehensive digital treasury and cash management tools. While Millennium bcp emphasizes integrating external services for billing and taxes, Isbank focuses on AI-powered cash flow forecasting and real-time account surveillance.
Spain’s BBVA prioritizes embedded finance, with dedicated teams driving growth in its partner network and customer acquisition. Specialized teams handle partnership origination, development, and support by identifying platforms, codeveloping integrated solutions, and driving usage. After launch, partner-relationship managers oversee quality, performance, and compliance while also identifying new use cases. This comprehensive approach has enabled rapid scaling of the bank’s embedded finance footprint, delivering contextual financial services within trusted platforms.
BBVA’s embedded finance capabilities stand out through API-based solutions that address clients’ operational needs and can be delivered where needed, making banking simple, immediate, and relevant. Financial services support businesses’ operational needs by adding value within partners’ platforms.
A reverse factoring API with a syndicated model automates and centralizes supplier payments, enabling the real-time processing of large volumes of invoices for same-day payment and risk sharing, without requiring direct engagement with BBVA channels. Treasury APIs for SMEs integrate seamlessly into SME systems, making cash flow, collections, and payment processing easier. Embedded vehicle financing helps dealers increase sales and improve customer satisfaction.
Revolut, a UK neobank, exemplifies the core principles of speed, accessibility, simplicity, and protection that traditional banks like Millennium bcp and Isbank are working to integrate into their offerings. Although they seek to enhance existing corporate banking through digital transformation, Revolut was built from the ground up with these digital efficiencies in mind, providing a comprehensive solution within a single app. All three seek to address common pain points in traditional banking and position themselves as strategic financial partners—whether through cocreation with clients (Millennium bcp), extensive digital upgrades (Isbank), or a digital-native approach (Revolut).
What happens when those meant to enforce the law are the ones who break it?
For many in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city in the North Central, before 2024, the answer lay in the abrupt, often unceremonious, motor checks conducted by Vehicle Inspection Officers (VIOs). To many motorists, these inspections, which were meant to ensure the roadworthiness of vehicles, appeared instead as an avenue for these officers to extort unlawful payments.
Mubarak Muhammed*, a cybersecurity specialist, who once faced such a situation, said:
“I was stopped by these officers and asked to pay ₦9,000 for no reason. They searched my car but never found anything wrong with it, yet they still asked me to pay. I begged for them to let me go because at the time, I was low on funds, with only ₦11,000 in my account. Well, I ended up paying the money, but it wasn’t enough. Their Oga [referring to the senior officer] entered my car and told me I had to settle him privately, that he knew I had money, so I should give him ₦50,000.” At that point, Mubarak said he called his father, who sent their driver to retrieve the car. Only then did the officers back down.
Stories like Mubarak’s are commonplace on the streets of Abuja, with ongoing claims by some motorists that extortive car searches were a day-to-day stressor. The issue was so rampant that in 2016, the Nigerian newspaper Daily Trust wrote an article summarising the concerns of many. In it, frustrated Abuja drivers expressed their displeasure with the car searches that left their pockets drained.
Over the years, the issue has not faded. In 2024, some residents took to social media, their anger at the VIO system bitterly typed out. One user, in an essay posted on Reddit, expressed their disbelief over being fined ₦75,000 for allegedly beating a red light, an accusation they denied.
This slow-cooking pot of complaints finally reached its boiling point. Towards the end of 2024, human rights activist and lawyer Abubakar Marshal filed a lawsuit against the Federal Capital Territory Directorate of the Road Traffic Services (FCT-DRTS), commonly known as VIO. He argued that no law allowed the officers or related agents to stop, impound, confiscate, seize, or impose fines on motorists.
The judge, Evelyn Maha of the Federal High Court, Abuja, ruled in favour of Abubakar’s argument. On October 2, 2024, the court barred the VIO in FCT from carrying out such actions.
The ruling was met with jubilation. On X, the microblogging site, one user said, “This is great news,” while another called it “Long overdue.”
But the victory was short-lived. The directorate quickly opposed the judgment and sought an appeal. A consensus was never reached, and so the initial judgment stayed in place: VIO vanished from Abuja’s bustling streets, vehicles went around without inspections, and motorists adjusted to a city without the officers.
That was until technology offered the officers a way back onto the roads
In February 2025, just four months after the ruling, the VIO unveiled an Automated Number Plate Recognition system (ANPR system) that allowed the officers to digitally check plate numbers and ensure all of a vehicle’s credentials were in place. Abdullateef Bello, the FCT-DRTS director, said the system had “legal backing.” It was a way to subvert the issues posed by the barring. Physical checks had been banned, but tech-geared ones hadn’t.
“We are embracing technology in our activities. We have even started,” Kalu Emetu, the spokesperson of the VIO in Abuja, told HumAngle. “Once you have committed certain offences, there will be no need for officers to go after you. What you will get is an e-ticket from us, and you will go and pay into a designated account which belongs to the government.”
Digitally armed, the officers returned to the city’s streets in February, sliding back as if they never left. But, just as easily as they came back, so did the issues.
For starters, some motorists told HumAngle that the technology was abandoned before it could even settle, and in less than a year, physical inspections have made a full comeback to the streets of Abuja, though this defies the legal bounds of their return.
Hadiza Balal*, a 23-year-old learner driver, fell prey to one of these searches in June.
“I was flagged down in Mpape and asked to pull over. At the time, my car papers were expired, so when I was stopped, I knew I was entering a situation I would not easily escape.”
The officer leaned his head through the window, eyes darting around the interior of the car in search. Finally, after what felt like an eternity to Hadiza, the officer asked her for the thing she feared he would: her car papers.
“When he noticed they had expired, he demanded I pay a fine. I thought the most he would ask for was ₦5,000, but he insisted I give him ₦27,000 to renew my papers,” she recounted.
This process not only rattled Hadiza, but also stood in direct violation of what the officers were now allowed to do on the road. Physical papers were meant to be viewed on computerised devices, and checks were meant to be done with a quick scan of Hadiza’s plate number, not with the officer halfway into the driver’s seat.
What’s more, when Hadiza finally paid him, there was no e-ticketing as promised, just a demanded transaction that left her suspicious.
“I managed to persuade the officer to lower the fine to ₦26,500, which would also cover the cost of renewing my documents,” she said, seeming frustrated. “But when I inquired about paying the fine at his station, he insisted that I pay him directly.”
Hadiza didn’t leave until a transfer was made into an account that, she claimed, could never belong to any official organisation. “It was a personal account,” she stated. “A first and last name, with no indication that the account belonged to the government.”
The moment the transfer was done, the officer’s attitude mellowed. The officer who’d been arguing with her was suddenly kind. But even after this struggle, Hadiza faced a second round of problems at the VIO office, where she went to renew the papers.
She described the place as cramped and stifling. The officers ignored her for several minutes before one approached her — not to assist, but to harass.
“He called me “baby girl” and told me I was his girlfriend. I wanted to punch him when he touched my leg, saying he wanted to get to know me more, but I didn’t do anything because I wanted the process to go fast so I could go home,” she recounted.
Hadiza eventually renewed the documents.
While some, like Hadiza, leave physical searches unopposed, others demand their right to a digital check, yet, even with their resistance, they are denied the right.
At Life Camp roundabout in Abuja Municipal Area, Daniel Livinus was stopped by an officer who followed due protocol, only to be hounded by a second officer who didn’t.
“The first one came and scanned my plate number. He didn’t even say anything, just scanned and left,” Daniel recounted. “Not less than a minute later, another one came and asked me to show him my particulars. I said, “Ah, but you can check it on your phone now.” That’s all it took for the man to start shouting, “Will you be the one to teach me my job?”
The fight got heated, so much so that the first officer and a random passerby went to mitigate the situation. David said that both men sided with the aggrieved officer, saying that he should obey because the officer is “doing his job”.
“If he followed normal protocol, I wouldn’t have had an issue with him,” Daniel added.
While some motorists are denied the use of the technology, others face issues with it. Sometimes, when scans don’t go through, the officers use that as an incentive to fine motorists who haven’t done wrong.
For Nanlian Mamven, a 21-year-old youth corps member, his car, registered in Plateau State, made him a victim of this issue.
“VIO stopped me at a traffic light and ran my plate number through this new app,” he recounted. “The app is supposed to bring out all your registration information. Still, my details didn’t pop up for some reason, most likely because my car was registered in Plateau, and I think the app only covers FCT-registered cars. It should have been fine because I still had my valid registration papers, but the officers entered the back of my car, told me to drive to their station, and demanded I pay ₦ 28,000.”
Unlike the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), which oversees traffic regulation across the entire country, the Vehicle Inspection Office is run by state governments and the FCT Authority. This means that systems or technologies introduced in the FCT, such as the ANPR app, may not apply uniformly in other states. As a result, vehicles registered outside the FCT often face complications when subjected to Abuja’s digital checks.
Nanlian soon realised this was not just a technical glitch but an extortion attempt. Only after he contacted his mother’s friend, a senior officer, did the demands vanish.
“The senior officer I called said no, the money they were asking for wasn’t the proposed money they should have called, so clearly they had added something to it. When I gave the phone to one of them, they hastily told me I could go. That was how I escaped that day,” he said.
Yet, even then, the ordeal did not end smoothly. Back home, Nanlian discovered his headphones and groceries missing from the backseat, items he claimed disappeared only after the officers entered his car.
“I put two-and-two together and realised they had taken my things,” he said, a claim we could not independently verify. “But at that point, I just let the matter go. Where was I going to start from?”
The sense of helplessness he expressed seemed to be a recurring thing for many drivers. It didn’t matter if it was a plate number scanning or a physical search; one thing is clear: many of Abuja’s motorists feel slighted by the city’s vehicle inspection system.
When HumAngle contacted the VIO spokesperson with these allegations, he pushed back. Kalu argued that the problem lay less with officers and more with the motorists.
“We’ve been having these accusations that our people collect their own share,” he told HumAngle. “But you know, people frame the story the way they want. What the present managers of the directorate are doing now is ensuring that technology takes over most of the activities. For example, if you are fined and told where you are going to pay, you wouldn’t have any reason to blame the person who stopped you because you’ve been given a specific government-owned account to pay into.”
Yet, for drivers like Hadiza, Daniel, and Nanlian, the gap between promise and practice remains wide. If nothing changes, more motorists may teeter to the extreme that Hadiza did when asked how she plans to handle driving in Abuja, sometimes abandoning their cars altogether and risking the city’s notorious “one-chance” cabs.
“I can’t lie to you,” she breathed out in frustration, “I think I now hate driving.”
Names marked with an asterisk (*) have been changed to protect the identities of sources.