challenges

WASHINGTON — Five years after the Jan. 6 assault on the U.S. Capitol by President Trump’s supporters, the White House released a website this week attempting to revise history.

Reasserting Trump’s false claim that he had won the 2020 presidential election, the administration doubled down on his decision to issue blanket pardons for the rioters, blamed Capitol Police for escalating tensions that day, and denounced Trump’s vice president at the time, Mike Pence, for “refusing to act” in defiance of the Constitution to stop congressional certification of Trump’s loss.

It was a display of political audacity that has become the hallmark of Trump’s second act — challenging anyone to stop him from asserting raw executive authority, both at home and increasingly abroad.

Whether on foreign or domestic policy, lawmakers have struggled to respond to an administration that moves with unfettered restraint and exceptional speed. The U.S. Supreme Court has only facilitated Trump’s expansion of unitary executive power. And governments abroad accustomed to Trump’s lack of predictability now face a president whose entire philosophy toward foreign interventionism appears to have turned on a dime.

“There are political checks. They are checks, though, that have been degraded,” said William Howell, dean of the School of Government and Policy at Johns Hopkins University and author of “Trajectory of Power: The Rise of the Strongman Presidency.”

“They are checks that are looked upon not just with frustration, but an outward animosity by the president,” Howell added. “It’s a feature of his populist politics for him to say, ‘anything that stands in my way is illegitimate.’”

Unitary rule

Trump’s extraordinary use of executive authority has no comparison in recent times. The president has issued more than 220 executive actions in his first year back in office — more than the 220 orders he issued throughout his entire first term, and dwarfing the 276 actions that President Obama issued over eight years in office.

Directing the Justice Department to prosecute his political enemies, and deploying his pardon power to shield his friends and allies, Trump risks fueling the very sort of politicized system of justice he campaigned against as a presidential candidate.

And his administration has shown derision for Congress, controlled by the president’s own party, approving historically few bills and neglecting those that have passed, such as the Epstein Files Transparency Act. Trump has attempted to unilaterally rename the Defense Department and the Kennedy Center, despite straightforward laws requiring acts of Congress to do so, and has impounded funds appropriated by Congress for child care and family assistance allocated to Democratic states.

“The nature of presidential power is that it is given as much as taken,” said Andrew Rudalevige, a professor of government at Bowdoin College and author of “The New Imperial Presidency.” “You can’t have an imperial presidency without an invisible Congress. And certainly, the current Congress is setting new records for intentional invisibility.”

After Trump bulldozed the East Wing of the White House, a reporter asked his press secretary what was stopping him from knocking down the entire building. Karoline Leavitt demurred. “That’s a legal opinion that’s been held for many years,” she said, suggesting he could, in fact, demolish the rest of it.

“The institutional constraints on the unilateral presidency are weak,” said Dino Christenson, a political science professor at Washington University in St. Louis and co-author of “The Myth of the Imperial Presidency.” “The conservative majority of the [Supreme] Court has also recently chosen to back executive power.

“Arguably,” he added, “international constraints are even weaker, at least for powerful nations like the U.S.”

‘Governed by force’

Trump’s order over the weekend to depose Venezuela’s president, Nicolás Maduro, seizing him and his wife from their bedroom in a stunning military raid, was the type of rare exercise in American power that has defined past presidencies. But Trump said he was just getting started.

Beaming from the operational success in Caracas, Trump told reporters aboard Air Force One that he was considering military action against no fewer than five countries, allies and foes alike. His homeland security advisor, Stephen Miller, said that no one would even try to stop Trump from militarily taking over Greenland, an autonomous region of Denmark, a NATO ally and European Union member state.

“We live in a world,” Miller told CNN, “that is governed by strength, that is governed by force, that is governed by power.”

At the State Department, veteran U.S. diplomats waited anxiously for guidance from the administration on how it would justify the operation based on international law on the global stage. It never came. “At least with Iraq, Libya, Syria, there was an effort to seek legal cover,” one diplomat said, granted anonymity to speak candidly. “This is just grab-and-go.”

After the president vowed to run Venezuela going forward as a vassal state, Trump’s energy secretary said the United States would exert control over its oil production “indefinitely.”

And the Trump administration ordered the seizure of two foreign tankers on Wednesday in international waters that have violated its unilateral oil embargo against Caracas, risking precedent governing the laws of the seas that have for decades ensured international commercial flows.

It was a surprising turn for a president who had campaigned on a promise to focus on domestic policy, under a slogan of “America first.”

“So many of the claims that he was making — both in terms of his power and his politics — was about an inward turn, about standing up for America and attending to core problems that it had failed to face, whereas all these foreign entanglements were distractions to be avoided,” Howell said. “So it is striking that he has assumed this new posture of outward imperialism — land grabs, oil tankers, removing heads of state — all at once.”

Several Republican lawmakers expressed skepticism over Trump’s new posture, warning the president against entrenching the U.S. military in foreign conflicts. House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Republican from Louisiana, warned that U.S. military action against Denmark in Greenland “would not be appropriate” after the White House issued an explicit threat of force.

Scholars of the imperial presidency often say that public opinion — not the legislature or the courts — remains the strongest check on executive authority. Trump is ineligible for a third term in office, and has signaled in recent weeks that he recognizes that constitutional limit as unambiguous.

“I don’t think Trump is immune from the laws of political gravity,” Rudalevige said. “Despite his bluster, he is a lame duck. He has never had a Gallup approval rating above 50%, and that rating is in the 30s. His policy actions are even less popular.”

But he also said he believes the public supports him in his brash use of power, telling lawmakers there could be a “constitutional movement” to keep him in office.

“MAGA loves it,” Trump said in an interview with NBC News this week, defending his foreign policy approach. “MAGA loves what I’m doing. MAGA loves everything I do.”

“MAGA is me,” he added. “MAGA loves everything I do, and I love everything I do, too.”

What else you should be reading

The must-read: Palisades fire report was sent to mayor’s office for ‘refinements,’ Fire Commission president says
The deep dive: Michael Reagan’s death reverberates among Californians of both parties
The L.A. Times Special: One year since my childhood home burned

More to come,
Michael Wilner
—
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Scilly Swim Challenge, Cornwall

SwimQuest’s annual Isles of Scilly challenge is a 15km island-hopping swim, broken into five sessions with walks in between. The longest swim is the 6km leg from St Agnes to Bryher; the shortest is 600 metres from Bryher to Tresco; and the island walks in between are no longer than 45 minutes. Swimmers can opt to complete the challenge in one tough day, or space it out over two – there is a party after both events.
Entry is £299 for the one-day challenge on 20 September or £379 for two days (17 and 18 September), no minimum fundraising, scillyswimchallenge.co.uk

Ultra Challenge, across the UK

With 18 annual events, Ultra Challenge is one of the UK’s biggest series of treks and trail runs. Fundraising is optional but popular – there are 600-plus charities to choose from and the events raise more than £12m a year for good causes. Despite the name, it doesn’t have to be ultra-challenging; beginners can try a 10km taster trek, and build up to 25km, 50km or even 100km, and participants walk or run at their own pace. There’s lots of support, too, from a training app to shuttle buses to the events, plus a medal, massage and meal at the end. Locations include coastlines and countryside in England and Wales; new this year is Scarborough to Whitby.
Registration and recommended fundraising varies; next events are London Winter Walk, 24 and 25 January and the Bath 50, 28 March, ultrachallenge.com

Ride the Route, London loop

Railway Children is a charity that helps young people living on the street, or at risk of it, in the UK, India and Tanzania. Its annual Ride the Route event is a three-day group cycle ride covering more than 200 miles, requiring a “moderate to good” level of fitness and enough training to withstand six to eight hours a day in the saddle. The route changes every year and always follows a railway line. This year it is a circular route following the High Speed 1 line from London to Folkestone, continuing along the coast to Brighton, then back to London.
£50 for one day’s cycling with £150 fundraising pledge, or £75 for all three days, with a £350 fundraising pledge, 3-6 September, railwaychildren.org.uk

Race the Sun, England

This is a team challenge for two to four people across three disciplines: cycling, hiking and canoeing/ kayaking. It’s not a relay – all team members must cycle 23-34 miles, hike 6-10 miles and paddle 2 miles. The fastest teams race around the course in five hours; others take from dawn to dusk. There are five races: a new one on the South Downs (25 April), plus Cheddar Gorge (11 July), the Jurassic Coast (27 June) and two in the Lake District (13 June and 15 September). All events are in aid of Action Medical Research.
£120 for two, £240 for four, minimum fundraising £1,000/£2,000, action.org.uk

Lake 24 Peaks Challenge, Cumbria

This Hatt Adventures event is a tough challenge that requires a high level of fitness: climbing 24 Lake District peaks in 24 hours, all of them over 700 metres (2,400ft). Groups tackle 10 mountains on the 14-hour first day (including Scafell Pike, England’s highest) and 14 mountains over 10 hours on the second day. The cost includes a 12-week fitness plan; transport from Manchester, Birmingham, London or Brighton; two nights’ bunkhouse stay; two buffet breakfasts, packed lunches and pub dinners; and a qualified mountain leader. The company also runs Yorkshire and UK Three Peaks Challenges.
£5,600 for groups of eight to 12, April to October, fundraise what you can for a charity of your choice, thehatt.co.uk

SupBikeRun, England and Wales

This is a triathlon with a difference: instead of open-water swimming, it starts with paddleboarding, followed by either mountain biking or road cycling, then a trail run. The shorter race is a 3k paddleboarding, 15k mountain biking (or 21k on road) and a 5k run; the longer one is double and there is also a three-person team relay. The events take place at lakeside locations in mid-Wales (16-17 May), Devon (11-12 July) and the Lake District (12-13 September) – camping and family and friends welcome.
From £65pp (team) or £123 (individual), board hire £16, camping extra, fundraise what you can for a charity of your choice, supbikerun.co.uk

Great River Race, London

London’s “river marathon” is an annual 21.6-mile boat race from Millwall in the east to Ham, Richmond, in the south-west, passing under 28 of the city’s famous bridges. It is for fixed-seat rowing boats only, and the 2,500 competitors range from record-breaking athletes to friends in fancy dress. Crews can camp at the Thames Young Mariners campsite, a few minutes’ walk from the end of the race, from Thursday to Sunday (the race is on Saturday). There is a barbecue and bar on the Friday night, breakfast on Saturday and Sunday mornings, and a transfer bus to the starting point.
Entry £80 adults/£60 under 18s, fundraise for a charity of your choice, entries open on 1 April, race on 12 September, greatriverrace.org.uk

SuperHalfs, Europe

If one half marathon isn’t enough of a challenge, how about six? The SuperHalfs series rewards runners who complete the Cardiff, Lisbon, Prague, Berlin, Copenhagen and Valencia half marathons with a SuperMedal. More than the medal, the series is “For the fun of running. For the thrill of travel. And for the joy of saying ‘I did it!’” In return for a minimum fundraising target, entrants can pick a charity from an extensive list for guaranteed entry into their chosen race or the entire series.
£175 refundable deposit for entry into all six races, minimum fundraising target £1,950; 8 March Lisbon; 28 March Prague; 29 March Berlin; 20 September Copenhagen; 4 October Cardiff; 25 October Valencia; superhalfs.com

24-hour skiing relay, French Alps

The ski resort of Le Grand-Bornand in the French Alps hosts an annual 24-hour nonstop skiing challenge in aid of children’s charities. Teams of eight to 10 ski relay laps of an easy intermediate slope, which is suitable for anyone just above beginner level, from 2pm on Saturday to 2pm on Sunday. Each team must complete between four and 12 laps every hour. In 2025, 158 teams took part, and since it began in 2008, Glisse en Coeur has raised almost €5.5m for four charities. There is a carnival atmosphere, with a concert on the slopes, celebrity appearances and lots of cheering spectators.
€690 for a team of 10, plus €500 minimum fundraising, 20-22 March, legrandbornand.com

Hyrox fitness races, worldwide

Hyrox has taken in off in popularity – 550,000 keep-fitters competed in around 85 indoor races in more than 30 countries around the world last year. The format is the same globally, comprising a 1km run followed by a “functional workout station” (various pushes, pulls, jumps, carries, etc), repeated eight times. It is open to “everyday fitness enthusiasts”, with no entry qualifications or time limits.
The UK events are in aid of Macmillan Cancer Support; £64 entry plus £400 minimum fundraising; 21-25 January in Manchester, 11-15 March in Glasgow, 24-29 March in London and 29 April to 4 May in Cardiff; hyrox.com

Unforgettable cycle ride on the Tour de France route

When tackling a big cycling challenge, choose an event with strong support – it makes all the difference. Riding the full Tour de France route with Ride Le Loop was tough, but the incredible staff turned it into an unforgettable experience (riders can tackle individual stages too). Their infectious enthusiasm and constant encouragement kept spirits high, even on the hardest climbs. They not only looked after logistics but created a warm, positive atmosphere that bonded riders together and amplified the joy of the journey. My advice: pick an organised challenge where the team cares as much about your success as you do. The next one is 27 June to 20 July 2026.
Neil Phillips

Running the quieter trails of the Swiss Alps

If you’ve got a week to spare and want to experience quieter parts of the Alps in summer, then the Swiss Peaks Trail races, ranging from 10km to 643km along some of Switzerland’s most runnable mountain trails, are for you. I chose the 100km route and disappeared into a world of barely trodden peaks, challenging scree slopes and turquoise tarns, sustaining myself on punchy raclette cooked by enthusiastic aid station volunteers. The run finishes at Le Bouveret on the south-eastern shores of Lac Léman (Lake Geneva) for a cold plunge. From 25 August-6 September in 2026.
Eleanor

Running from Asia to Europe in the Istanbul Marathon

Last November, I participated in perhaps the only organised running race in the world that starts in one continent and finishes in another: the Istanbul Marathon. I booked a week there to get a feel of the city and culture but the race itself allows you to do this, passing modern and ancient landmarks on the route. A £50 entry fee secures you free use of public transport on the day of the race, including ferries. The start is so spectacular, with runners streaming west across the 15 July Martyrs Bridge as the water laps below, heading towards Beşiktaş then to the Dolmabahçe Palace on the coast road hugging the banks of the Bosphorus. I found it inspiring to look up as I ran to see the city skyline with its majestic minarets glistening in the sunshine, seeming to urge us on. The Golden Horn and the beautiful Blue Mosque beckoned me onwards to the finishing line where delicious Turkish tea, meze and figs served by the race organisers and supportive spectators awaited all runners. The 2026 race is on 1 November.
April

Swimming in Lord Byron’s wake, Italy

I was lucky enough to live in Genoa for several years and participated in the most poetical swim of my life in more ways than one. The Coppa Byron is an annual swim across the Gulf of Poets, from Portovenere to Lerici, to commemorate the legendary aquatic feat of Lord Byron when he was visiting his friend Percy Shelley back in the 19th century. It happens on a Sunday at the end of July or early August (2026 not yet announced) when the water is warm and the views are to die for. Anyone can do it for an entry fee of about €20 (depending on when you register), which includes a swimming cap, drinking water, advice and a completion certificate. The 8km crossing takes 2-3 hours and there are boats accompanying the swimmers for support. All participants are greeted by cheering well-wishers on arrival in Lerici, where a hearty lunch is on offer at the Ristorante delle Palme.
Nick

Trekking Kilimanjaro the right way

The Lemosho route up Kilimanjaro takes trekkers through rainforests, moorland and alpine desert, with lots of opportunities for spotting wildlife including monkeys, antelope and beautiful birds. The effects of altitude can hit anyone, but taking a longer route makes this a challenge achievable for most fit and trained walkers. The summit day is long, but the adrenaline will see you through, and there is no technical climbing anywhere on the route. However, be aware that there are a lot of unscrupulous operators offering quick trips up Kilimanjaro, treks that don’t provide enough acclimatisation time, using poorly treated staff. I paid a premium to do the climb with Ian Taylor Trekking and am so glad I did – the conditions were great for trekkers and I was reassured that the staff supporting us were well paid and equipped, with good training to support their career development. Other good companies exist – do your research!
Pamela

The scenic route from the Dolomites to Venice on two wheels

We recently cycled 200 miles from Bolzano to Venice – the scenic route. Starting in the dramatic scenery of the Dolomites, we then pedalled through lanes surrounded by vineyards. We sampled soave and valpolicella wines at unhurried lunchtimes. Descending southward, we enjoyed a ferry passage along the beautiful Lake Garda on our way to Verona, city of Romeo and Juliet. We loved exploring the architectural genius of Palladio in Vicenza, before continuing on to Padua, cradle of the arts. After a wonderful week with all our luggage and hotels taken care of by cycling specialists Girolibero, we reached the Venetian lagoon, and the timeless beauty of Venice.
David Innes-Wilkin

Abseil from London’s highest helipad

Hitting my 70s, I was keen to do a charity challenge. Seeing the London Air Ambulance in Hyde Park frequently, I discovered it was their waiting zone for emergencies. I got chatting with the pilot who told me about the charity abseil from one of the highest helipads in Europe, at 90 metres. What a challenge, staggering views and an amazing charity. Something truly different.
Angela

Winning tip: a fancy dress marathon through Bordeaux vineyards

“A marathon?!” I scoffed. Surely not a feasible plan for a glaringly average runner like me. But the marathon in question was the iconic Marathon du Médoc, a festival-esque affair north of Bordeaux with more than 20 stops that allow runners to savour the Gironde region’s world-famous red wine and cuisine. The dealmaker? Each stop allows access to the grounds of the area’s most beautiful chateaux, a timeless elegance that is re-dressed each September with the arrival of 8,500 raucous participants in fancy dress. The estuary town of Pauillac is the central base for the race, and, of course, the surrounding countryside is best enjoyed with a bottle of bordeaux red, gifted enthusiastically at the finish line of this brilliantly festive affair. This year’s is held on 5 September.
Adam McCormack

Last year, women made up just 13% of directors working on the top 250 films.

That level represents a 3-percentage-point decline from 2024, when women led 16% of the top-grossing movies, according to a San Diego State University study released Thursday.

The troubling tabulation comes as Hollywood seeks to turn the page from a gut-punching year that included the Los Angeles wildfires, ongoing declines of local film and television production and the deaths of beloved filmmakers.

“Hamnet,” directed by Chloé Zhao; “Freakier Friday,” helmed by Nisha Ganatra; and “I Know What You Did Last Summer,” led by Jennifer Kaytin Robinson, were among the few notable exceptions.

The university’s Center for the Study of Women in Television and Film and its founder Martha M. Lauzen have tracked employment of women in behind-the-scenes decision-making jobs for nearly three decades. Roles included in the study are: directors, writers, executive producers, producers, editors and cinematographers. Data from more than 3,500 credits on top-grossing films were used to compile the report.

Lauzen launched her effort in 1998, assuming that pointing out the imbalance would cause doors to swing open for women in Hollywood. But despite countless calls for action, and a high-profile but short-lived federal investigation, the picture has stayed largely the same.

“The numbers are remarkably stable,” Lauzen said in an interview. “They’ve been remarkably stable for more than a quarter of a century.”

Overall, women made up 23% of all directors, writers, producers, executive producers, editors and directors of photography on the 250 top-grossing films in 2025, according to Lauzen’s report: “The Celluloid Ceiling: Employment of Behind-the-Scenes Women on Top Grossing U.S. Films.” In 2024 and 2020, the percentage was the same.

Her study found that, in 2025, women constituted 28% of film producers and 23% of the executive producers.

Among the ranks of screenwriters, only 20% were women.

Women also made up 20% of editors, matching the level in 1998, when Lauzen began her study.

“There’s been absolutely no change,” she said.

Among cinematographers, women occupied just 7% of those influential roles on the 250 top-grossing films.

The cinematographer serves as the director of photography, greatly shaping the look and the feel of a film. Last year marked a stark decline from 2024, when women constituted 12% of cinematographers.

There has been movement in the number of female directors since 1998. That year, only 7% of the top-grossing films were directed by women. Last year’s total represented a 6 percentage-point improvement.

Lauzen’s most recent report comes a decade after the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission began looking at alleged gender discrimination in Hollywood. But the 2015 review, which was sparked by a request from the American Civil Liberties Union, failed to get traction. A little more than a year later, President Obama left office and President Trump ushered in a sea change in attitudes.

Hollywood employment also has become more unstable in recent years because of a pullback in production by the major studios during the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by the 2023 writers’ and actors’ strikes.

Despite years of industry leaders vocalizing a need for greater diversity in executive suites and decision-making roles, and the chronic inequity remaining a punchline for award show jokes, the climate has changed.

Trump returned to office less than a year ago and immediately called for the end of diversity and inclusion programs.

Trump’s Federal Communications Commission chair, Brendan Carr, abolished diversity programs within his agency and launched investigations into Walt Disney Co.’s and Comcast’s internal hiring programs. Carr wants to end programs he sees as disadvantaging white people.

Paramount, led by tech scion David Ellison, agreed to dismantle all diversity and inclusion programs at the company, which includes CBS and Comedy Central, as a condition for winning FCC approval for the Ellison family’s takeover of Paramount. That merger was finalized in August.

Lauzen said she’s unsure what her future studies may find.

Corporate consolidation has added to the uncertainty.

Warner Bros., a signature Hollywood studio for more than a century, is on the auction block.

Last month, Warner Bros. Discovery’s board agreed to sell the film and television studios, HBO and HBO Max to Netflix in an $82.7-billion deal. However, the Ellisons’ Paramount is contesting Warner’s choice and has launched a hostile takeover bid, asking investors to tender their Warner shares to Paramount.

“Consolidation now hangs over the film industry like a guillotine, with job losses likely and the future of the theatrical movie-going experience in question,” Lauzen wrote in her report.

“Add the current political war on diversity, and women in the film industry now find themselves in uncharted territory,” Lauzen wrote. “Hollywood has never needed permission to exclude or diminish women, but the industry now has it.”

It’s been called an “epidemic” of loneliness and isolation. The “bowling alone” phenomenon.

By any name, it refers to Americans’ growing social disconnection by many measures.

Americans are less likely to join civic groups, unions and churches than in recent generations. They have fewer friends, are less trusting of each other and less likely to hang out in a local bar or coffee shop, recent polling indicates. Given all that, it’s not surprising that many feel lonely or isolated much of the time.

Such trends form the backdrop to this Associated Press report on small groups working to restore community connections.

They include a ministry pursuing “trauma-informed community development” in Pittsburgh; a cooperative helping small farmers and their communities in Kentucky; an “intentional” community of Baltimore neighbors; and organizations seeking to restore neighborhoods and neighborliness in Akron, Ohio.

Loneliness and its health risks

In 2023, then Surgeon General Vivek Murthy reported on an “ epidemic of loneliness and isolation,” similar to his predecessors’ advisories on smoking and obesity.

Isolation and loneliness aren’t identical — isolation is being socially disconnected, loneliness the distress of lacking human connection. One can be alone but not lonely, or lonely in a crowd.

But overall, isolation and loneliness are “risk factors for several major health conditions, including cardiovascular disease, dementia, depression, and premature mortality,” the report said.

Murthy says he’s encouraged by groups working toward social connection through local initiatives ranging from potluck dinners to service projects. His new Together Project, supported by the Knight Foundation, aims to support such efforts.

“What we have to do now is accelerate that movement,” he said.

The pandemic temporarily exacerbated social isolation. There’s been some rebound, but often not back to where it was before.

Scholars and activists have cited various potential causes — and effects — of disconnection. They range from worsening political polarization to destructive economic forces to rat-race schedules to pervasive social media.

Murthy said for many users, social media has become an endless scroll of performance, provocation and unattainably perfect body types.

“What began perhaps as an effort to build community has rapidly transformed into something that I worry is actually now actively contributing to loneliness,” he said.

Bowling alone, more than ever

Harvard’s Robert Putnam, 25 years ago, described the decline in civic engagement in a widely cited 2000 book “Bowling Alone.” It was so named because the decline even affected bowling leagues. The bowling wasn’t the point. It was people spending time together regularly, making friends, finding romantic partners, helping each other in times of need.

Memberships in many organizations — including service, veterans, scouting, fraternal, religious, parental and civic — have continued their long decline into the 21st century, according to a follow-up analysis in “The Upswing,” a 2020 book by Putnam and Shaylyn Romney Garrett.

While some organizations have grown in recent years, the authors argue that member participation often tend to be looser — making a contribution, getting a newsletter — than the more intensive groups of the past, with their regular meetings and activities.

A reaction against institutions

Certainly, some forms of social bonds have earned their mistrust. People have been betrayed by organizations, families and religious groups, which can be harshest on their dissenters.

But disconnection has its own costs.

“There’s been such a drive for personal autonomy, but I think we’ve moved so far past wanting not to have any limits on what we can do, what we can believe, that we’ve become allergic to institutions,” said Daniel Cox, the director of the Survey Center on American Life and a senior fellow in polling and public opinion at the American Enterprise Institute.

“I’m hoping we’re beginning to recognize that unbounded personal autonomy does not make us happier and creates a wealth of social problems,” said Cox, co-author of the 2024 report “ Disconnected: The Growing Class Divide in American Civic Life.”

By the numbers

1. About 16% of adults, including around one-quarter of adults under 30, report feeling lonely or isolated all or most of the time, according to a 2024 survey by the Pew Research Center.

2. Just under half of Americans belonged to a religious congregation in 2023, a low point for Gallup, which has tracking this trend since 1937.

3. About 10% of workers are in a union, down from 20% four decades ago, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports.

4. Around half of Americans regularly spent time in a public space in their community in 2025, such as a coffee shop, bar, restaurant or park. That’s down from around two-thirds in 2019, according to “America’s Cultural Crossroads,” another study by the Survey Center on American Life.

5. About two in 10 U.S. adults have no close friends outside of family, according to the “Disconnected” report. In 1990, only 3% said that, according to Gallup. About one-quarter of adults have at least six close friends, down from nearly half in 1990.

6. About 4 in 10 Americans have at most one person they could depend on to lend them $200, offer a place to stay or help find a job, according to “Disconnected.”

7. About one-quarter of Americans say most people can be trusted — down from about half in 1972, according to the General Social Survey.

Exceptions and a stark class divide

Some argue that Putnam and others are using too limited a measurement — that people are finding new ways of connecting to replace the old ones, whether online or other newer forms of networking.

Still, many numbers depict an overall decline in connection.

This hits hardest on those who are already struggling — who could most use a friend, a job referral or a casserole at the door in hard times.

Those with lower educations, which generally translates to lower incomes, tend to report having fewer close friends, fewer civic gathering places in their communities and fewer people who could help out in a pinch, according to “Disconnected.”

Responses to the crisis

Across the country, small organizations and informal groups of people have worked to build community, whether through formal programs or less structured events like potluck dinners.

Murthy will continue to be visiting such local groups in his “Together Project,” supporting such efforts.

Another group, Weave: The Social Fabric Project at the Aspen Institute, has a searchable database of volunteer opportunities and an online forum for connecting community builders, which it calls “weavers.” It aims to support and train them in community-building skills.

“Where people are trusting less, where people are getting to know each other less, where people are joining groups less, there are people still in every community who have decided that it’s up to them to bring people together,” said its executive director, Frederick J. Riley.

Smith writes for the Associated Press.

As the year comes to an end, a deal between the Syrian government and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces was expected to come into force.

Instead, fighting has erupted between the two sides in the northern city of Aleppo.

They later agreed to stop the fighting, while blaming each other for the violence.

That deal was supposed to lead to the SDF integrating with the army, but it is stalling on how that should be implemented.

This renewed tension comes as Damascus faces other threats, ranging from ISIL (ISIS) to recurrent conflicts with the Druze community and continuing attacks by Israel.

So what does this complex security situation mean for Syria, a year after the fall of Bashar al-Assad?

Presenter: Dareen Abughaida

Guests

Haid Haid – Researcher at Chatham House

Steven Heydemann – Professor and Middle East Studies programme director at Smith College

Omer Ozkizilcik – Nonresident fellow for the Syria project in the Atlantic Council’s Middle East programme

More than two months after a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas ended two years of intense fighting in Gaza, both sides claim the other has violated the agreement, and there is no progress on the more challenging steps that follow.

The ceasefire involves three main documents. The most comprehensive is a 20-point plan by former U. S. President Donald Trump, which proposes that Hamas disarm and cease its governing role in Gaza, accompanied by an Israeli withdrawal. Although a more limited agreement was made on October 9, it mainly focused on hostages, a halt to hostilities, partial Israeli withdrawal, and a boost in aid. This agreement was supported by a United Nations Security Council resolution that aimed to set up a transitional governing body and an international force in Gaza.

The results of the ceasefire have seen all surviving hostages returned and hundreds of Palestinian prisoners released. However, the return of deceased hostages has been slow. Aid distribution has become contentious, with Hamas claiming that fewer aid trucks are entering Gaza than promised. Aid organizations report a significant shortfall in necessary supplies, while Israel asserts it is fulfilling its commitments under the truce. The Rafah border crossing with Egypt remains closed, with Israel stating it will only open it once the last hostage’s body is returned. The living conditions in Gaza are dire, with many residents constructing makeshift shelters from debris, and a large number of children suffering from malnutrition, worsened by floods affecting temporary shelters and sanitation.

Some violence persists, as Palestinian militants have attacked Israeli forces, resulting in casualties on both sides. A proposed international stabilisation force intended to maintain order in Gaza is still undefined, with disagreements over its composition and tasks. Plans for a Palestinian governing body, independent of Hamas, have also not been clarified. The Palestinian Authority, which governs parts of the West Bank, is expected to implement reforms before taking a role in Gaza, but no details have been shared.

The possibility of lasting peace remains uncertain. Israel suggests military action may resume if Hamas does not disarm, yet a return to full-scale war does not seem imminent. Both Israelis and Palestinians are skeptical about the long-term success of the Trump plan and fear it may lead to a continued, unresolved conflict. Many Israelis are concerned about the potential for Hamas to rearm, while Palestinians worry about ongoing Israeli control and lack of resources for rebuilding Gaza.

Trust between Israelis and Palestinians is at a low point, with the two-state solution, considered vital for lasting peace, appearing increasingly distant. Despite international support for Palestinian statehood, Israeli leadership continues to reject this notion, raising doubts about future negotiations and outcomes.

With information from Reuters