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In a move that threatens to destabilise Nigeria’s already fragile humanitarian landscape, the International NGO Safety Organisation (INSO) has been ordered by the Nigerian authorities to suspend all its humanitarian support operations in the country immediately. The directive, communicated directly to INSO leadership, comes as a surprise blow to dozens of humanitarian partners across Nigeria’s conflict-affected regions.

In a statement seen by HumAngle, INSO Country Director Zeljko Toncic said, “INSO received a formal request from Nigerian authorities to suspend its humanitarian activities in the country. In strict compliance with this decision, INSO is immediately suspending all of its services to humanitarian partners in Nigeria.”

Since 2016, INSO has played a pivotal role in supporting over 110 humanitarian organisations, including international agencies and local NGOs, to navigate the complex security challenges posed by the Boko Haram insurgency in the North East, terrorism in the North West, and communal violence in the Middle Belt.

The panic among humanitarian organisations is palpable, with many describing the suspension as a devastating blow to their safety and operations.

The suspension of INSO’s services, which range from security advisories to risk mitigation training, is likely to leave humanitarian workers vulnerable at a time of heightened insecurity.

INSO has maintained that it operates on strict humanitarian principles of neutrality, impartiality, and independence, with no political affiliations or agendas. The organisation has also expressed its willingness to engage with the Nigerian government to clarify its mandate and resume operations.

Humanitarian partners are reeling from the sudden halt in security information and support, fearing that the already volatile environment will become even more perilous.

Humanitarian fallout looms

The suspension comes as humanitarian needs continue to surge in Nigeria, with over eight million people in need of aid in the North East alone, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Aid workers, who rely heavily on INSO’s security support to operate safely in volatile areas, warn that the move could severely hamper the delivery of life-saving assistance.

“This is a serious setback. INSO’s services are critical to our risk assessments and operational planning. Without them, humanitarian workers are left to navigate these dangerous environments alone,” a humanitarian worker, speaking on condition of anonymity, told HumAngle. 

The anxiety within the humanitarian community is intensifying, with fears that without INSO, aid efforts will stall, putting lives at even greater risk.

A history of tension

This latest move is not without precedent. Nigerian authorities have previously clamped down on humanitarian actors over alleged concerns about transparency, neutrality, and security operations. In 2019, two international NGOs, Action Against Hunger (ACF) and Mercy Corps, were temporarily suspended in Borno State amid allegations of aiding armed groups, claims both agencies strongly denied.

Analysts suggest that the government’s increasing scrutiny of international NGOs is rooted in broader concerns about sovereignty and national security, particularly in conflict-prone areas. However, aid organisations caution that these suspensions jeopardise not only their operations but also the lives of the most vulnerable Nigerians.

INSO’s expressed willingness to engage with authorities signals a potential path forward. Aid agencies and civil society groups are calling for immediate dialogue to ensure that humanitarian neutrality is upheld and vital services can continue uninterrupted.

“We sincerely hope that a space for dialogue may help this situation, for the benefit of the humanitarian NGOs we support and the civilian populations you serve,” Toncic wrote in his letter.

INSO’s operations in the Niger Republic were also suspended in February following refusal by the country’s junta to renew the organisation’s operational license. The organisation had been active in the country since 2020, providing support to over 132 humanitarian organisations, including 35 national, local, and international NGOs.

HumAngle will continue to monitor the situation closely and provide updates as they become available.

Libraries across the United States are cutting back on ebooks, audiobooks and loan programs after the Trump administration suspended millions of dollars in federal grants as it tries to dissolve the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

Federal judges have issued temporary orders to block the Trump administration from taking any further steps toward gutting the agency. But the unexpected slashing of grants has delivered a significant blow to many libraries, which are reshuffling budgets and looking at different ways to raise money.

Maine has laid off a fifth of its staff and temporarily closed its state library after not receiving the remainder of its annual funding. Libraries in Mississippi have indefinitely stopped offering a popular ebook service, and the South Dakota state library has suspended its interlibrary loan program.

Ebook and audiobook programs are especially vulnerable to budget cuts, even though those offerings have exploded in popularity since the COVID-19 pandemic.

“I think everyone should know the cost of providing digital sources is too expensive for most libraries,” said Cindy Hohl, president of the American Library Assn. “It’s a continuous and growing need.”

Library officials caught off guard by Trump’s cuts

President Trump issued an executive order March 14 to dismantle the IMLS before firing nearly all of its employees.

One month later, the Maine State Library announced it was issuing layoff notices for workers funded through an IMLS grant program.

“It came as quite a surprise to all of us,” said Spencer Davis, a library generalist at the Maine State Library who is one of eight employees who were laid off May 8 because of the suspended funding.

In April, California, Washington and Connecticut were the only three states to receive letters stating the remainder of their funding for the year was canceled, Hohl said. For others, the money hasn’t been distributed yet. The three states all filed formal objections with the IMLS.

Rebecca Wendt, California state library director, said she was never told why California’s funding was terminated while the other remaining states did not receive the same notice.

“We are mystified,” Wendt said.

The agency did not respond to an email seeking comment.

Popular digital offerings on the chopping block

Most libraries are funded by city and county governments, but receive a smaller portion of their budget from their state libraries, which receive federal dollars every year to help pay for summer reading programs, interlibrary loan services and digital books. Libraries in rural areas rely on federal grants more than those in cities.

Many states use the funding to pay for ebooks and audiobooks, which are increasingly popular, and costly, offerings. In 2023, more than 660 million people globally borrowed ebooks, audiobooks and digital magazines, up from 19% in 2022, according to OverDrive, the main distributor of digital content for libraries and schools.

In Mississippi, the state library helped fund its statewide ebook program.

For a few days, Erin Busbea was the bearer of bad news for readers at her Mississippi library: Hoopla, a popular app to check out ebooks and audiobooks, had been suspended indefinitely in Lowndes and DeSoto counties due to the funding freeze.

“People have been calling and asking, ‘Why can’t I access my books on Hoopla?’” said Busbea, library director of the Columbus-Lowndes Public Library System in Columbus, a majority-Black city northeast of Jackson.

The library system also had to pause parts of its interlibrary loan system allowing readers to borrow books from other states when they aren’t available locally.

“For most libraries that were using federal dollars, they had to curtail those activities,” said Hulen Bivins, the Mississippi Library Commission executive director.

States are fighting the funding freeze

The funding freeze came after the agency’s roughly 70 staff members were placed on administrative leave in March.

Attorneys general in 21 states and the American Library Assn. have filed lawsuits against the Trump administration for seeking to dismantle the agency.

The institute’s annual budget is below $300 million and distributes less than half of that to state libraries across the country. In California, the state library was notified that about 20%, or $3 million, of its $15-million grant had been terminated.

“The small library systems are not able to pay for the ebooks themselves,” said Wendt, the California state librarian.

In South Dakota, the state’s interlibrary loan program is on hold, according to Nancy Van Der Weide, a spokesperson for the South Dakota Department of Education.

The institute, founded in 1996 by a Republican-controlled Congress, also supports a national library training program named after former first lady Laura Bush that seeks to recruit and train librarians from diverse or underrepresented backgrounds. A spokesperson for Bush did not return a request seeking comment.

“Library funding is never robust. It’s always a point of discussion. It’s always something you need to advocate for,” said Liz Doucett, library director at Curtis Memorial Library in Brunswick, Maine. “It’s adding to just general anxiety.”

Lathan writes for the Associated Press.