malnutrition

In July, the humanitarian organisation Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) revealed that Nigeria’s northwestern region is facing an alarming malnutrition crisis, with Katsina State at the epicentre, and is currently witnessing a surge in admissions of malnourished children. It was not the first time the organisation had raised the alarm. It had also done so several times in the past year. 

Against this backdrop, government leaders, international organisations, and civil society convened in Abuja, the federal capital city, on Thursday to mobilise against the escalating crisis in the region.

Hosted by the Katsina State Government, the Northwest Governors Forum, and MSF, the event drew participation from the Office of the Vice President, UNICEF, WFP, the World Bank, the INGO Forum, ALIMA, IRC, CS-SUN, and the European Union.

MSF’s country representative, Ahmed Aldikhari, noted that 2025 has been flagged as the worst, recording the highest cases of malnutrition in the last five years.

“We are here to highlight the situation and solidify commitments, collaborations, and engagement from all partners and government officials.”

He echoed a silent sentiment: “We acknowledge that resources are invested in conferences like this, but the real solutions lie within the communities. So, we must go beyond the hall and get practical in finding real solutions.”

HumAngle had reported the broader impact of this crisis, noting that displacements, armed conflicts, limited access to healthcare, and climate change have compounded the nutritional emergency. In one of our reports, we documented how 30 per cent of children under five in Katsina’s Jibia and Mashi local government areas are suffering from acute malnutrition. 

Most recently, HumAngle produced a 21-minute-long conversation via The Crisis Room, a monthly podcast series that focuses on crisis signalling and explores existing responses and solutions to crises in Nigeria. The conversation with the state’s MSF coordinator focused on the state’s malnutrition crisis—where aid workers fight to save lives on the edge.

Despite these reports, malnutrition in Katsina and northwestern Nigeria remains dire with limited systemic change.

While reacting to MSF’s latest report on the scale of the issue in Katsina state, the governor said he saw it as an opportunity to find feasible solutions to the crisis in the state.

“Instead of criticising the latest MSF report on malnutrition, my administration saw it as a call to action for confronting the crisis head-on. To address this challenge, we set up a high-level committee to investigate the root causes of malnutrition across the state,” he said. 

“We are promoting local production of therapeutic foods such as Tom Brown to reduce dependency on imports, distributing thousands of food baskets to at-risk families, and training hundreds of women to produce nutritious meals at the community level.”

However, the commercialization of Tom Brown and other therapeutic food is a present threat that has been documented all over the country, and was highlighted in his speech. This suggests that beyond making the foods available, the distribution process needs to be strengthened.

The federal government’s concerted efforts are also needed for an enduring impact, an area many, especially displaced people, have found insufficient. Uju Vanstasia Anwukah, Senior Special Assistant to the President on Public Health, who was present at the event as the Vice President’s representative, said the government was committed to fixing the issue. 

“This partnership with MSF and the convening of this high-level conference reaffirm the government’s understanding that real progress begins with the health and nourishment of every child,” she said.

Adding to the discussion, Nemat Hajeebhoy, Chief of Child Nutrition at UNICEF, outlined an affordable financing strategy.

“The global architecture of financing is changing, but there is still very much the recognition that there is a need to invest and support countries. UNICEF is here to partner with the government. They are our clients, so to speak, but children are our bosses.”

She introduced UNICEF’s Child buy-one-get-one-free-to-one match initiative: “It’s a buy one get one free. For every Naira the government invests—federal, state, or LGA—we will match it to help procure high-impact nutrition commodities.”

“But we need more. It’s not sufficient. This is the pavement for the future. It’s no longer just about aid—it’s about partnership.”

While commending the Katsina State government, Nemat emphasised the need for a 360 advocacy, involving bilateral engagement with governors, technical communities, media, and champions like actors.

“We also need communities to speak out and demand. There is hope. The Nutrition 774 Initiative, launched by the vice president in February, puts accountability and action at the LGA level. Nigeria is a big country, and unless we go ward by ward, we may not see change.”

Though the conference seems to have set the stage for concrete, coordinated action to protect the health and future of millions of vulnerable communities, citizens are eager to see improvement in the coming months and years. 

Mourners in Italy held a funeral for 19-year-old Marah Abu Zuhri, who had been evacuated from Gaza for urgent medical care. Doctors tried to save her but she died two days after her arrival, severely malnourished, as a result of Israel’s deliberate starvation of Palestinians.

At least 23 people, including 10 seeking aid, have been killed on Thursday in Israeli attacks across Gaza, according to Palestinian health authorities, as four more people died from malnutrition amid a growing starvation crisis in the besieged territory.

Hospital sources told Al Jazeera that 10 people seeking aid were among 12 people killed by Israeli forces near Rafah in southern Gaza.

One person was killed and several others were wounded in an Israeli attack near an aid distribution site, the sources said.

Eight people were killed in an Israeli air strike on a residential home in Gaza City in northern Gaza, medical sources said.

Two other people were killed in an Israeli attack on the city’s Tuffah neighbourhood, hospital sources told Al Jazeera.

The killings come as Israel escalates its attacks on Gaza City, the largest city in the enclave, after the country’s security cabinet approved plans for the military to seize the city, an operation that could forcibly displace hundreds of thousands of Palestinians to concentration zones in southern Gaza.

The plan has received international condemnation from the United Nations and even dissent from within Israel’s own military.

Al Jazeera correspondents reported on Thursday that large swaths of northern Gaza have been turned into “lifeless wastelands” amid the Israeli escalation.

Palestinians in Gaza City have spoken of their fears of further displacement, following an Israeli forced evacuation order to areas further south, ahead of the proposed occupation.

Walaa Sobh said she had already been displaced during the war from the northern city of Beit Lahiya to Gaza City, and was unable to move again.

“We’re afraid to move anywhere else, because we have nowhere to go, no income – and I am a widow,” she told Al Jazeera.

“If they want to force us out, then at least find us a place, give us tents, especially for the widows, the children, and the sick. You’re not only displacing one or two people; you’re displacing millions who have nowhere to stay.”

Another woman, Umm Sajed Hamdan, said she would refuse to follow the order.

“I am a mother of five and the wife of a detainee. I cannot escape with my children from one place to another,” Hamdan told Al Jazeera. “I would rather face death here in Gaza City than go to al-Mawasi.”

Al Jazeera’s senior political analyst Marwan Bishara said Israel’s plans to occupy Gaza City are a serious cause for concern.

“It’s a terrible escalation, really,” said Bishara.

“[Netanyahu] really intends to reoccupy Gaza … send the military in and just take it on again.”

Truce talks

As Israel continues to escalate attacks on Gaza City, Mossad spy chief David Barnea is visiting Qatar in an effort to revive talks over a Gaza ceasefire, two Israeli officials told the Reuters news agency on Thursday.

The visit follows a reported expression of positivity from Hamas officials to restart ceasefire negotiations during a meeting with Egypt’s intelligence chief in Cairo earlier this week.

Earlier on Thursday, Israeli Deputy Foreign Minister Sharren Haskel said that a non-Israeli, peaceful civilian administration for Gaza was among the Israeli government’s five key principles for ending the war.

The other principles include the release of captives still held in Gaza, the surrender of weapons by Hamas, the full demilitarisation of Gaza, and Israel retaining overriding security control, he said.

Aid still ‘a drop in the ocean’

Meanwhile, more than 100 aid groups on Thursday accused Israel of obstructing life-saving aid from entering Gaza, resulting in vast quantities of relief supplies remaining stranded in warehouses across Jordan and Egypt as more Palestinians starve.

“Despite claims by Israeli authorities that there is no limit on humanitarian aid entering Gaza, most major international NGOs [nongovernmental organisations] have been unable to deliver a single truck of life-saving supplies since 2 March,” the groups said.

There is aid sitting all around the boundary between Israel and Gaza that is not being allowed in, Natasha Davies, a nursing activity manager with Doctors Without Borders (MSF), told Al Jazeera.

“We’ve had a couple of trucks in [to Gaza], but really, it’s just a drop in the ocean … We run primarily a trauma surgical hospital, so every single patient has a wound of some sort that needs fixing with supplies that we are intermittently receiving,” Davies said by videolink from Gaza’s southern city of Khan Younis.

“It’s just a humanitarian catastrophe. There are these GHF sites, which are slaughter masquerading as aid, which create mass casualty incidents, which create more injuries for us to treat with limited resources,” she said.

The total number of aid seekers killed since May 27, when Israel introduced a new aid distribution mechanism through the US-based GHF, has reached 1,881, with more than 13,863 injured, according to Gaza’s Health Ministry.

The total count of hunger-related deaths is now 239, including 106 children, the ministry records.

Israel’s war on Gaza has killed at least 61,776 people and wounded 154,906. An estimated 1,139 people were killed in Israel during the October 7, 2023, attacks, and more than 200 were taken captive.

It is July 18, around 7 a.m., and a group of women carrying malnourished children are gathered at the primary healthcare centre in Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria, to receive free supplements for their children. While waiting for the weekly distribution to commence, they interact with one another. 

Moments later, a healthcare staff member in a white uniform with a blue check yells from the opposite direction: “There is no RUFT supplement today. Go home and come back next week.”

Disappointed, the women place their babies on their backs and disperse in different directions. 

Twenty-three-year-old Aisha Adamu, a resident of the Ngurore community, where the primary healthcare centre is located, is one of the women who are returning home without the supplements. Aisha relies on the RUFT supplement as a primary meal for her malnourished daughter. 

“She has been suffering from malnutrition since she clocked 1 year. I have seen improvement since I started feeding her the supplement,” Aisha tells HumAngle. She is devastated because she has to look for an alternative meal for her malnourished baby, as the facility is facing a shortage of RUFT supplement. 

Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food, also known as RUFT, is an essential supplement used for treating malnourished children under the age of five. RUFT paste consists of powdered milk, peanuts, butter, vegetable oil, sugar, and a mix of vitamins and minerals. A sachet contains 500 calories and micronutrients. 

The crisis 

In 2023, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reported that growing inflation, climate change, insecurity, and displacement impacted child malnutrition in Adamawa. That year, about half a million children were treated for acute malnutrition in UNICEF-supported facilities in Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe states. The number reflected a 37 per cent increase from 2022, highlighting how severe malnutrition was endangering children’s survival and development in North East Nigeria.

Ngurore, a community in Yola South, grapples with a severe child malnutrition crisis. The community hosts victims of displacement from the Michika and Madagali Local Government Areas (LGA). The primary healthcare centre in Ngurore offers clinical services to residents, the displaced population, and people from outside the community. 

To address the malnutrition crisis, organisations such as the Helen Keller Foundation, UNICEF, USAID, and MSF are collaborating with primary healthcare facilities, offering free health screenings and providing RUFT supplements to malnourished children.

Ahmed Mshelia, the data clerk at the Ngurore primary healthcare centre and one of the key facilitators of the malnutrition unit, expressed concern over the soaring malnutrition cases in the facility. Ahmed is not sure whether the centre can handle the number of people relying on it for aid. 

“Apart from residents of Ngurore and the IDPS living here, we also have women from Fufore and sometimes Numan LGA coming here to collect free supplements for their malnourished children,” he said. 

The facility attends to malnourished children every Friday. 

“So we have new cases and then revisit cases. The new cases come to register for the first time, while the revisit cases have already been registered, so they turn up weekly for the supplements,” he explained, noting that the facility records an average of five to six new cases weekly, which puts it at 20 to 22 new cases monthly; so far, there are over 50 revisit cases.  “We refer severe cases to bigger hospitals.”

At the centre, the RUFT was distributed according to each child’s weight. If available, the women could go home with at least 14 sachets every Friday. Aisha Abdullahi, a 38-year-old mother, received at least 14 sachets of RUFT supplement each week for her daughter, who is one year and ten months old. Aisha set aside two sachets for each day, ensuring that the 14 sachets would last her daughter for the entire week.

“I feed her with the supplement twice a day, morning and evening, then complement it with any available food,” she told HumAngle. 

In February, Felix Tangwami, Adamawa State’s Commissioner for Health and Human Resources, noted in a report that insecurity accounts for the high malnutrition rates in the state as farmers have limited access to their farms, which, in turn, results in reduced food availability.

Parents of malnourished children in Fufore told HumAngle that inflation is the primary cause of malnutrition in their community, as their husbands can barely afford three meals a day for their households.

Ahmed stated that many women who visit the centre lack sufficient breast milk, a situation he attributed to poor feeding practices, which consequently impacts the health of their children. For Amina Abdullahi, a 35-year-old mother of six from Ngurore, the primary healthcare centre is assisting her 2-year-old twins in overcoming malnutrition. In addition to the twins, she has another son at home who is also malnourished.

Amina registered the three children at the facility in February and has seen improvement in their weight. However, with the shortage in RUFT supply, she’s worried about their recovery process, which seems to be taking too long. According to Ahmed, the RUFT treatment is expected to run for eight weeks nonstop, but right now, it’s impossible to stay on track as parents struggle to keep up due to inconsistent supply. He explained that the women get the RUFT supply for at least four weeks out of the required eight. 

Amina expressed concern over the country’s inflation rate. The ongoing shortage of RUFT supplies leaves her anxious about feeding her malnourished children due to insufficient food at home. 

“Feeding is difficult compared to the past. Everything is now expensive, but we thank God for everything,” she said. 

Less aid

In May, HumAngle reported that the withdrawal of humanitarian agencies dependent on USAID funding in Nigeria affected displaced populations relying on them for essential services. This suspension was said to have deepened the humanitarian crisis in the northeastern region. 

The primary healthcare centre in Ngurore, which previously collaborated with agencies like USAID, is now feeling the impact of their withdrawal as the child malnutrition situation in the region is worsening. 

Ahmed explained that the facility’s aid from civil society groups has significantly dropped this year compared to previous years. For example, the primary healthcare centre, which used to receive hundreds of RUFT cartons from UNICEF, now gets only about 30. 

As a result, the facility now distributes the supplements bi-weekly, unlike in the past when they were shared weekly.

“The supplements are scarce, and it is required that the children keep up with the treatment once they start, but due to a shortage in supply, we sometimes skip a week or two in distribution, which affects their recovery,” Ahmed noted. 

He added that in the past, the organisations the clinic partnered with not only gave RUFT supplements to the malnourished children but also provided complementary drugs. “They give them deworming tablets like albendazole and sometimes malaria tablets and even distribute free test kits.” The situation has changed, as they only get RUFT supplements, and even the supplements are scarce. “We try our best, and if there’s a constant supply of commodities, then we won’t have problems catering for the children.”

Ahmed is worried about the recovery of the children, stressing that since aid is shrinking and RUFT supply has declined, he had advised parents of the malnourished children to augment the supplement with other complementary meals. 

HumAngle spoke with Umeh Chukwuemerie, a medical officer in the department of pediatric surgery from the Moddibo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola. He explained that children under the age of five require good food to develop their brain and motor skills.

“The child is growing, so he needs all the nutrients he can get to be fully developed because this is the stage where he is rapidly growing and his brain is still developing,” Umeh said. He stated that once malnutrition sets in, continuous treatment is crucial; otherwise, the affected child will become stunted, more susceptible to other diseases, and may develop poor social skills that might affect their confidence in the long run. 

Trading hope

In 2022, HumAngle reported the abuse and sale of RUFT supplements in Maiduguri, Borno State capital, at the price of ₦150 per sachet. The reports showed how parents went as far as inducing their children with portions to pass watery stool, which makes them shed weight and then qualify them to obtain the supplements that they [parents] end up selling. 

This sale of RUFT supplements, though fueled by poverty, has been termed illegal. 

Amidst the scarcity, HumAngle found that some of the women in Adamawa also end up selling the supplement they get to local traders due to pressing hunger in their households.

In front of an old motor park known as Tashan Njuwa in Numan LGA, *Babagana balanced his wheelbarrow at the Park’s entrance, where he displayed his wares. Among the biscuits, sweeteners, and other items he was selling, there were scattered sachets of RUFT supplements.

When asked for the price, he said, each sachet costs ₦400. According to him, he buys a sachet at the price of ₦300 from his suppliers and then sells it to hungry adults for ₦400, making a profit of ₦100. 

As Babagana explained, these suppliers are women who receive the supplement for their malnourished children from centres specialising in child malnutrition care across the state. However, he revealed that some healthcare workers sometimes bring the supplement to him. 

He has been selling RUFT supplements for over two years now, and while business has boomed in the past because he sold about 30 pieces or more in a week, the suppliers have barely shown up lately. 

“I heard that there is scarcity, and the ones I have will soon finish, but I might get some in the coming week,” he said, stressing that his RUFT customers are mostly older people. “They buy it as a quick meal. Then they mix it with boiling water and take it as pap.” 

However, Umeh insisted that malnourished children require the RUFT supplement the most, and there is no medical explanation for adults taking it. “It is not supposed to be sold commercially. RUFT is sent directly to primary healthcare centres but ends up in the wrong hands sometimes, which is sad,” he said. 

Ahmed added that some of the women in the community gather the supplements and sell them in large quantities while others sell one at a time.  “We hear them whispering amongst themselves sometimes,” he revealed, stating that some women sell half of what they receive weekly at the healthcare centre and use the remaining half to feed the malnourished children.

“When we tried to sensitise them on why they shouldn’t compromise on their children’s health one time, a woman explained that ten sachets fetched her ₦4,000 at ₦400 each, which she used to procure rice, beans, and other groceries that fed the whole family for a couple of days.”

While he’s aware of the food scarcity and inflation in town, Ahmed urges the women to desist from selling supplements, as this hinders the quick recovery of their children, especially at a time when aid is declining. 

While RUFT is currently scarce, organisations like the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations, with support from the government of Norway, are stepping up with alternative supplements like Tom Brown, a locally produced flour mixed with grains to prevent relapse in the malnourished children of the Ngurore community. 

“Distribution will start soon, and we are grateful. However, I fear that they might start selling this one too,” Ahmed said. 

At least 79 Palestinians have been killed since dawn in Israeli attacks across Gaza, with dozens of children dying from malnutrition during Israel’s punishing months-long blockade, as ceasefire talks reportedly stall.

Among the victims on Saturday, 14 were killed in Gaza City, four of them in an Israeli strike on a residence on Jaffa Street in the Tuffah area, which injured 10 others.

At least 30 aid seekers were killed by Israeli army fire north of Rafah, southern Gaza, near the one operating GHF site, which rights groups and the United Nations have slammed as “human slaughterhouses” and “death traps”.

According to Al Jazeera Mubasher, Israeli forces fired directly at Palestinians in front of the aid distribution centre in the al-Shakoush area of Rafah.

Reporting from Deir el-Balah, Al Jazeera’s Hani Mahmoud said the Israeli army opened fire indiscriminately on a large crowd during one of the attacks.

“Many desperate families in the north have been making dangerous journeys all the way to the south to reach the only operating distribution centre in Rafah,” he said.

“Many of the bodies are still on the ground,” Mahmoud said, adding that those who were wounded in the attack have been transferred to Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis.

Amid relentless daily carnage rained upon starving aid seekers and the ongoing Israeli blockade, Gaza’s Government Media Office said 67 children have now died due to malnutrition, and 650,000 children under the age of five are at “real and immediate risk of acute malnutrition in the coming weeks”.

“Over the past three days, we have recorded dozens of deaths due to shortages of food and essential medical supplies, in an extremely cruel humanitarian situation,” the statement read.

“This shocking reality reflects the scale of the unprecedented humanitarian tragedy in Gaza,” the statement added.

Israel is engineering a “cruel and Machiavellian scheme to kill” in Gaza, the head of the United Nations agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA) said on Friday, as the world body reported that since May, when GHF began its operations, some 800 Palestinians have been killed while seeking aid.

“Under our watch, Gaza has become the graveyard of children [and] starving people,” UNRWA chief Philippe Lazzarini said.

Mass displacement, expulsion ‘illegal and immoral’

As the Israeli military announced on Saturday that its forces attacked Gaza 250 times in the last 48 hours, Israeli officials have continued to push a plan to forcibly displace and eventually expel Palestinians.

Earlier this week, Defense Minister Israel Katz announced a plan to build a so-called “humanitarian city” which will house 2.1 million Palestinians on the rubble of parts of the city of Rafah, which has been razed to the ground.

But Palestinians in Gaza have rejected the plan and reiterated that they would not leave the enclave. Rights groups, international organisations and several nations have slammed it as laying the ground for “ethnic cleansing”, the forcible removal of a population from its homeland.

Israeli political analyst Akiva Eldar told Al Jazeera on Saturday that the majority of Israelis are “really appalled” by Katz’s plan, which would be “illegal and immoral”.

“Anybody who will participate in this disgusting project will be involved in war crimes,” Elder said.

The message underlying the plan, he said, is that “there can’t be two people between the river and the sea, and those who deserve to have a state are only the Jewish people.”

As Israel announces its intention to force the population of Gaza into Rafah, Middle East professor at the University of Turin, Lorenzo Kamel, told Al Jazeera that the expulsion of Palestinians from their land and their concentration in restricted areas is nothing new.

In 1948, 77 years ago to this day, 70,000 Palestinians were expelled from the village of Lydda during what became known as the “march of death”.

“Many of them ended up in the Gaza Strip,” Kamel said, adding that the Israeli authorities have been forcing Palestinians into spaces similar to concentration camps for decades.

“This is not something new, but it has accelerated in the past months,” he said. The plan to gather the Gaza population on the ruins of Rafah is therefore “nothing but another camp in preparation for the deportation from the Gaza Strip”.

Ceasefire talks hang in the balance

Negotiations taking place in Qatar to cement a truce are stalling over the extent of Israeli forces’ withdrawal from the Strip, according to Palestinian and Israeli sources familiar with the matter, the Reuters news agency reported on Saturday.

The indirect talks are expected to continue, despite the latest obstacles in clinching a deal based on a US proposal for a 60-day ceasefire.

A Palestinian source said Hamas has not accepted the withdrawal maps which Israel has proposed, as they would leave about 40 percent of the territory under Israeli occupation, including all of Rafah and further territories in northern and eastern Gaza.

Matters regarding the full and free flow of aid to a starving population, and guarantees, were also presenting a challenge.

Two Israeli sources said Hamas wants Israel to retreat to lines it held in a previous ceasefire, before it renewed its offensive in March.

Delegations from Israel and Hamas have been in Qatar since Sunday in a renewed push for an agreement.

On The Crisis Room, we’re sounding the alarm.

This week: a powerful conversation with MSF on Nigeria’s malnutrition crisis—where aid workers fight to save lives on the edge.

But we’re not stopping there. In the coming episodes, we will dig into the tangled roots of insecurity, mass displacement, and how climate change fuels conflict across Africa.

The stakes are real. Tune in, share, and stay ahead of the story.

Hosts: Salma and Salim

Guest: Mr Suwulubalah Dorborson, project manager MSF Katsina, Nigeria

Audio producer: Anthony Asemota

Executive producer: Ahmad Salkida

At least 66 children have died of malnutrition in Gaza over the course of Israel’s war, authorities in the Palestinian enclave said, condemning a tightened Israeli siege that has prevented the entry of milk, nutritional supplements and other food aid.

The statement from Gaza’s Government Media Office on Saturday comes as Israeli forces intensified their attacks on the territory, killing at least 60 Palestinians, including 20 people in the Tuffah neighbourhood of Gaza City.

The media office said Israel’s deadly blockade constitutes a “war crime” and reveals its “deliberate use of starvation as a weapon to exterminate civilians”.

The office denounced what it called “this ongoing crime against childhood in the Gaza Strip” as well as “the shameful international silence regarding the suffering of children who are left to fall prey to hunger, disease, and slow death”.

It also said it holds Israel, as well as its allies, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany, responsible for “this catastrophe”, and urged the United Nations to intervene and open the crossings into Gaza immediately.

The statement came days after the UN agency for children (UNICEF) warned that the number of malnourished children in the Gaza Strip was rising at an “alarming rate”. It said that at least 5,119 children, between 6 months and 5 years of age, had been admitted for treatment for acute malnutrition in May alone.

UNICEF said the figure represents a nearly 50 percent increase from the 3,444 children admitted in April, and a 150 percent increase from February when a ceasefire was in effect and aid was entering Gaza in significant quantities.

“In just 150 days, from the start of the year until the end of May, 16,736 children – an average of 112 children a day – have been admitted for treatment for malnutrition in the Gaza Strip,” said the agency’s regional director for the Middle East and North Africa, Edouard Beigbeder.

“Every one of these cases is preventable. The food, water, and nutrition treatments they desperately need are being blocked from reaching them,” he added. “Man-made decisions that are costing lives. Israel must urgently allow the large-scale delivery of life-saving aid through all border crossings.”

Israel intensifies attacks on north Gaza

The warnings came as Palestinians mourned the 60 people killed in Israeli attacks on Saturday. In Gaza City’s Tuffah neighbourhood, rescuers continued the search for survivors after two consecutive Israeli strikes flattened several residential buildings, killing at least 20 people.

Some nine children were among the victims.

“We were sitting peacefully when we received a call from a private number telling us to evacuate the entire block immediately – a residential area belonging to the al-Nakhalah family. As you can see, the whole block is nearly wiped out,” one resident, Mahmoud al-Nakhala, told Al Jazeera.

“We still don’t know why two three-storey homes were targeted… It’s heartbreaking that people watch what’s happening in Gaza – the suffering, the massacres – and stay silent. At this point, we can’t even comprehend what’s happening here any more,” he said.

The bombings in Tuffah followed another air raid on tents sheltering displaced people in Gaza City.

At least 13 people were killed, including several children.

Other victims included a person who was shot and killed near an aid distribution point run by the US-backed Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF) in southern Rafah.

According to officials in Gaza, Israeli forces have killed more than 550 people at and near the GHF sites, since the controversial group began operations on May 19.

Al Jazeera’s Hani Mahmoud, reporting from Gaza City, said that the GHF remains the only source of food in the Strip as Israel continues to place severe restrictions on the entry of supplies by other groups.

“A lot of people here are trying to stay away from the GHF’s centres because of the danger involved in going to them, because of the ongoing and deliberate shootings of aid seekers there,” Mahmoud said. “But again, staying away is not an answer, because if there are no food parcels, it means that children are going to go to bed hungry.”

Aid groups have condemned the GHF’s “militarised” operations, with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres saying on Friday that the US-backed operation in Gaza was “inherently unsafe” and “killing people”.

Israel’s Haaretz newspaper has, meanwhile, reported that Israeli troops in Gaza were ordered to shoot at unarmed Palestinians at the GHF sites, with one soldier describing the scenes as a “killing field”.

The Israeli military denied the claim.

Chris Doyle, the director of the Council for Arab-British Understanding, said the GHF’s aid distribution system in Gaza is an “abomination and utter disgrace”.

“It is an inversion of all the global humanitarian principles about independence, impartiality and neutrality,” he told Al Jazeera.

“As we’ve seen, around about 550 Palestinians have been killed in trying to get food there, to travel by foot, long journeys, and then the families worry whether they’ll ever come back again,” Doyle said.

He went on to describe the situation as another example of how “Israel enjoys complete and utter impunity from any of the norms of war, of international law”.

“This has to be dismantled now, and the proper systems of delivery and distribution of aid set back up,” he added.

Numbers of children requiring hospitalisation for complications due to severe malnutrition rising as WHO warns ‘health system is collapsing’.

More than 2,700 children below the age of five in Gaza have been diagnosed with acute malnutrition, marking a steep increase in the number of children suffering from the serious medical condition since screening in February, the United Nations reports.

Of almost 47,000 under-fives screened for malnutrition in the second half of May, 5.8 percent (or 2,733 children) were found to be suffering from acute malnutrition, “almost triple the proportion of children diagnosed with malnutrition” three months earlier, the UN said on Thursday.

The number of children with severe acute malnutrition requiring admission to hospital also increased by around double in May compared with earlier months, according to the report by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).

According to data from the Nutrition Cluster cited by OCHA, more than 16,500 children below the age of five have been detected and treated for severe acute malnutrition in Gaza since January, including 141 children with complications requiring hospitalisation.

Despite the increase in children suffering serious malnutrition and requiring hospitalisation, “there are currently only four stabilisation centres for the treatment of [severe acute malnutrition] with medical complications in the Gaza Strip,” the OCHA report states.

“Stabilisation centres in North Gaza and Rafah have been forced to suspend operations, leaving children in these areas without access to lifesaving treatment,” it adds.

The UN’s latest warning on the health of young children in Gaza comes as the Palestinian territory’s entire population deals with starvation, and the World Health Organization (WHO) warned that the enclave’s “health system is collapsing”.

Issuing an appeal for the “urgent protection” of two of Gaza’s last remaining hospitals, the WHO said the “Nasser Medical Complex, the most important referral hospital left in Gaza, and Al-Amal Hospital are at risk of becoming non-functional”.

“The relentless and systematic decimation of hospitals in Gaza has been going on for too long. It must end immediately,” the WHO said in a statement.

“WHO calls for urgent protection of Nasser Medical Complex and Al-Amal Hospital to ensure they remain accessible, functional and safe from attacks and hostilities,” it said.

“Patients seeking refuge and care to save their lives must not risk losing them trying to reach hospitals.”

UN experts, medical officials in Gaza, as well as medical charities, have long accused Israeli forces of deliberately targeting health workers and medical facilities in Gaza in what has been described as a deliberate attempt to make conditions of life unliveable for the Palestinian population in the Strip.

WHO calls for urgent protection of Nasser Medical Complex and Al-Amal Hospital in the Gaza Strip

WHO warns that the #Gaza Strip’s health system is collapsing, with Nasser Medical Complex, the most important referral hospital left in Gaza, and Al-Amal Hospital at risk of becoming… pic.twitter.com/Rd3ZjASuBp

— World Health Organization (WHO) (@WHO) June 5, 2025

Doctors at the Nasser Hospital in Gaza are overwhelmed by a surge in the number of malnourished babies and children in urgent need of life-saving treatment. Israel’s months-long blockade has left medicine, food, and baby formula critically scarce.