Jerome Powell

Oct. 27 (UPI) — The Federal Reserve will meet Wednesday, as the U.S. government shutdown enters its fifth week, to decide whether to cut interest rates for a second time since September.

Last week, the Labor Department released its Consumer Price Index, showing inflation rose at a rate of 3% last month. While inflation remains above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target, many economists expect a rate cut this week.

“Concerns about tariffs driving prices higher are still not showing up in most categories,” Scott Helfstein, Global X’s head of investment strategy, told CBS News on Friday. “Nothing in the inflation print should stop the Fed from cutting rates next week. Yes, prices are higher, but not enough to keep them from helping the economy.”

While some economic data has not been released amid the government shutdown, forcing the Federal Reserve to make its decision without some key information, a quarter-point cut to benchmark federal funds this week would lower the target to somewhere between 3.75% and 4%.

“This time around, there are warning signs all around the economy, from rising unemployment to seven straight months of contraction in manufacturing due to tariffs,” Ryan Young, senior economist at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, told Fox Business. “That is what is pushing Fed officials towards cutting rates. But that stimulus comes with a tradeoff: it risks higher inflation. They’re taking a chance, and it might not pay off.”

Last month, Federal Reserve chairman Jerome Powell announced a 0.25% rate cut, the first of President Donald Trump‘s second term and the first since the United States imposed wide-ranging tariffs. The Federal Reserve works to control inflation, while maximizing job growth.

U.S. markets, which closed higher Monday, are also expecting another rate cut this week, along with a third in December.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 are currently sitting at record highs. On Friday, the Dow closed for the first time above 47,000, buoyed by the expectation of another rate cut this week, as well as big tech earnings reports and a possible China trade deal.

Sept. 17 (UPI) — The Federal Reserve on Wednesday is expected to announce fresh rate cuts in the wake of U.S. President Donald Trump‘s demands to do so amid ongoing tariff worries and its impact on the American economy.

The central bank has not lowered interest rates since December and the Federal Open Market Committee is widely expected to lower rates by a quarter percent at its next meeting around 2 p.m EDT. It comes in an ongoing feud with White House that’s infuriated the president as the bank has been targeted by the Trump administration as it seeks to consolidate greater federal control under the executive branch.

On Monday, Trump’s newly appointed member to the Federal Reserve Stephen Miran was confirmed by the GOP-controlled Senate in a 48-47 vote.

It’s been suggested that Miran will dissent from the anticipated Fed decision as the administration seeks a higher rate reduction.

The Fed opted to take a “wait and see” approach on rates as the economy shifted under the aggressive economic and tariff policies implemented by Trump.

Trump for months has been vocally critical of Fed Char Jerome Powell and the independent board in his demands to lower interest rates as the president has recently attempted to illegally remove Fed Governor Lisa Cook from her role.

Powell did not give clear indications of the FOMC’s plan for Wednesday in a speech at the end of August to the annual Economic Policy Symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.

On Monday, Trump said in a social media post in all caps the FOMC “must cut interest rates, now, and bigger than (Powell) had in mind.”

“In terms of the Fed’s dual-mandate goals, the labor market remains near maximum employment, and inflation, though still somewhat elevated, has come down a great deal from its post-pandemic highs,” Powell said in Wyoming.

“At the same time, the balance of risks appears to be shifting,” he said on August 22.

But a Goldman Sachs economist said Tuesday the “key question” for the September FOMC meeting was whether it will “signal that this is likely the first in a series of conservative cuts.”

“We expect the statement to acknowledge the softening in the labor market but do not expect a change to the policy guidance or a nod to an October cut. However, Chair Powell might hint softly in that direction in his press conference,” David Mericle wrote to CNBC in a note.

Meanwhile, a separate economist suggests that “such an emergency-sized move” that Trump envisions “is not justified by the current data.”

“Any decision to cut by 50 basis points at this stage would appear to be driven more by political pressure than economic necessity,” Seema Shah, chief global strategist at Principal Asset Management, told CNN.

Sept. 15 (UPI) — Senate Republicans on Monday confirmed White House economic adviser Stephen Miran to join the Federal Reserve Board despite staunch Democratic concerns about his independence.

The Senate voted 48-47 mostly along party lines to narrowly approve Miran’s nomination to serve as governor on the Federal Reserve Board, an independent nonpartisan agency that has been targeted by the Trump administration as it seeks to consolidate federal government power.

He will fill the remainder of Adriana Kugler’s 14-year term, which is set to expire in January.

As one of seven Fed governors, Miran will be a key economic policymaker, voting on the country’s monetary policy, including U.S. interest rates, which President Donald Trump has been calling to be lowered for much of his second term.

Democrats have been in vocal opposition to Miran’s nomination, saying his appointment to the board would undermine its independence due to his loyalty to Trump and the fact that he will remain chair of the White House Council of Economic Advisers.

“Stephen Miran isn’t being nominated to help families. He’s being put on the Fed to do Trump’s bidding,” Sen. Ruben Gallego, D-Arizona, said in a statement defending his “no” vote.

“He’ll do whatever helps Trump politically and leave us all with higher prices and a bad job market.”

Republicans backed the nomination, with the GOP-led U.S. Senate Banking Committee Chairman Tim Scott, R-S.C., saying it is “a win” for the American people.

“He brings deep experience, proven leadership and a clear commitment to ensuring the American economy remains strong and competitive. I am confident Dr. Miran will act in an independent manner,” Scott said in a statement.

The Senate took up the vote Monday after the Senate Banking Committee earlier in the day voted to advance Miran’s nomination for the seat left vacant by Kugler, a Biden nominee, who abruptly resigned.

Miran said during the committee hearing that he would take a leave of absence from his position at the White House while finishing the remainder of Kugler’s term. That unusual arrangement and Trump’s pressure campaign to get the Fed to lower interest rates has stoked concern about the independence of the central bank.

“You are going to be technically an employee of the president of the United States, but an independent member of the board of the Federal Reserve?” Sen. Jack Reed, D-Rhode Island, said during the hearing. “That’s ridiculous.”

Miran said during the hearing that his thinking process would be independent while serving on the board. Sen. John Kennedy, R-La., replied that they would hold him to that.

Sen. Andy Kim, D-N.J., said in a recorded statement before the Senate vote that if Miran is confirmed he will call for him to resign as Trump’s chief economic advisor.

“He cannot have someone simultaneously working for the White House, working directly under Donald Trump, and sitting on the board of the Federal Reserve,” he said, adding that several of his Republican colleagues have told him that they are also “very uncomfortable” with arrangement.

“If he wants to go, he has to resign his position at the White House.”

The Fed is expected to begin discussions on interest rates Tuesday.

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell has been reluctant to lower the cost of borrowing despite sharp criticism and insults by Trump, who is viewed as seeking to undermine the central bank’s independence.

Trump has attempted to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook, alleging she committed mortgage fraud. A judge earlier found the charge to be unfounded and ordered her to be reinstated.

Sept. 15 (UPI) — A federal appeals court on Monday rejected President Donald Trump‘s attempt to fire Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook, handing the American president another legal defeat in his effort to gain influence over the independent monetary policy-setting agency.

The three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued a 2-1 emergency ruling Monday, ahead of the central bank’s start of monetary policy meetings on Tuesday.

The Trump administration had asked the appeals court to allow the president to fire Cook, the first Black woman to sit on the Federal Reserve Board, ahead of the meeting, but the court rejected his request, finding the administration had denied her due process protections.

“The government does not dispute that it failed to provide Cook even minimal process — that is, notice of the allegation against her and a meaningful opportunity to respond — before she was purportedly removed,” Judges Bradley Garcia and Michelle Childs, both President Joe Biden appointees, wrote in the ruling.

“Granting the government’s request for relief when Cook has received no meaningful process would contravene that principle.”

The president only has the power to remove someone from the independent bipartisan monetary-setting agency for cause.

Trump moved to fire Cook late last month on allegations of mortgage fraud, prompting Democrats to accuse the president of conducting a power grab.

Cook challenged her removal in court, and won reinstatement. The district found that her firing likely violated the so-called for cause provision of the Federal Reserve Act and the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause.

The appeals court majority on Monday agreed with the district court, stating its ruling “is correct.”

“Cook has been serving in her position continuously despite the President’s purported termination. Granting the government’s request for emergency relief would thus upend, not preserve, the status quo,” the court ruled.

“Given these unique circumstances, and Cook’s strong likelihood of success on at least her due process claim, the government’s request for relief is rightly denied.”

In dissent, Judge Gregory Katsas, a Trump appointee, sided with the president, saying it was likely to prevail on its claims that it has cause for Cook’s removal.

Trump fired Cook as he was applying pressure on her boss, Fed Chair Jerome Powell, to lower interest rates, which he has been seeking for months.

Twice since Aug. 15, Federal Housing Finance Agency Director William Pulte, a Powell critic, sent criminal referrals for Cook to Attorney General Pam Bondi, accusing Cook of mortgage fraud, alleging she listed properties she owns inconsistently on different forms. The allegations go back to before she was on the board.

No charges have actually been filed.

Trump points to the mortgage fraud allegations as cause for her removal. Democrats have backed Cook in the fight. Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., has been among the most vocal and has described Trump’s attempt to remove Cook an “illegal authoritarian power grab.”

“The courts keep rejecting Donald Trump’s illegal attempt to take over the Fed so he can scapegoat away his failure to lower costs for American families,” Warren said Monday night on X following the ruling.

“If the courts — including the Supreme Court — continue to uphold the law, Lisa Cook will keep her seat as a Fed governor.”

The ruling comes as Senate Republicans on Monday voted to confirm White House economic adviser Stephen Miran to join the Federal Reserve Board, despite Democrats voicing criticism over a White House advisor being a part of the independent agency.

Sept. 3 (UPI) — Attorneys for Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook denied claims of wrongdoing made by the Trump administration as she seeks to block President Donald Trump‘s efforts to fire her.

In a civil action filed Tuesday, Cook’s attorney, Abe Lowell, denied claims made by U.S. Director of Federal Housing Bill Pulte that she committed mortgage fraud, which Trump presented as the reason for her firing, are untrue.

“Governor Cook did not ever commit mortgage fraud,” her attorneys wrote.

The action seeks to follow up on a suggestion made Friday by the courts to use a fast-tracked review to rule on the key issues of Cook’s case, which would cut through more routine routes and timelines.

The filing states that Cook’s team would agree to this, as long as Trump, who is a defendant along with Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell and the Fed Board of Governors, would agree to allow Cook to serve as Fed Board Governor until the expedited ruling is made.

Cook has served as a Federal Reserve Governor since 2022 but was fired by Trump following a criminal referral from a member of his administration that alleged Cook committed mortgage fraud.

She has not been charged with any related crime.

Trump fired her “for cause,” which is the only way a president can fire a Fed governor under the Federal Reserve Act.

The White House has since attempted to justify her firing under the past case Reagan vs. United States, which the administration interprets to have created precedent that when a president determines cause for termination exists, it’s unreviewable unless protected by specific removal statutes.

“But the Government ignores the facts, context, and reasoning of Reagan to advance this contorted reading,” the lawsuit suggests. “In reality, Reagan hurts the Government’s case more than it helps it.”

Cook’s attorneys explained the “Reagan” case helped define that as officers such as Federal Reserve Board governors serve fixed terms, they are entitled “to notice and a hearing, and ultimately judicial review” before being removed for cause.

As for Cook’s role as a Fed governor, she remains active until a court rules otherwise, despite Trump’s actions.

Meanwhile, Pulte, who was responsible for both the original and a second criminal referral against Cook, said he would hold a meeting with the press on Thursday.

Pulte has posted a wave of allegations against Cook since mid-August.

“Once you see what we present on Thursday, there’s going to be a lot of people apologizing and retracting their false and defamatory statements,” Pulte posted Tuesday in regard to those who have defended Cook and called the Trump administration’s action a political power move. “Watch.”

WASHINGTON — President Trump’s attempt to fire a member of the Federal Reserve’s governing board has raised alarms among economists and legal experts who see it as the biggest threat to the central bank’s independence in decades.

The consequences could affect most Americans’ everyday lives: Economists worry that if Trump gets what he wants — a loyal Fed that sharply cuts short-term interest rates — the result would likely be higher inflation and, over time, higher borrowing costs for things like mortgages, car loans and business loans.

Trump on Monday sought to fire Lisa Cook, the first Black woman appointed to the Fed’s seven-member Board of Governors. It was the first time in the Fed’s 112-year history that a president has tried to fire a governor.

Fed independence ‘hangs by a thread’

Trump and members of his administration have made no secret about their desire to exert more control over the Fed. Trump has repeatedly demanded that the central bank cut its key rate to as low as 1.3%, from its current level of 4.3%.

Before trying to fire Cook, Trump repeatedly attacked the Fed’s chair, Jerome Powell, for not cutting the short-term interest rate and threatened to fire him as well.

“We’ll have a majority very shortly, so that’ll be good,” Trump said Tuesday, a reference to the fact that if he is able to replace Cook, his appointees will control the Fed’s board by a 4-3 vote.

“The particular case of Governor Cook is not as important as what this latest move shows about the escalation in the assaults on the Fed,” said Jon Faust, an economist at Johns Hopkins and former advisor to Powell. “In my view, Fed independence really now hangs by a thread.”

Some economists do think the Fed should cut more quickly, though virtually none agrees with Trump that it should do so by 3 percentage points. Powell has signaled the Fed is likely to cut by a quarter point in September.

Why economists prefer independent central banks

The Fed wields extensive power over the U.S. economy. By cutting the short-term interest rate it controls — which it typically does when the economy falters — the Fed can make borrowing cheaper and encourage more spending, growth and hiring. When it raises the rate to combat the higher prices that come with inflation, it can weaken the economy and cause job losses.

Most economists have long preferred independent central banks because they can take unpopular steps that elected officials are more likely to avoid. Economic research has shown that nations with independent central banks typically have lower inflation over time.

Elected officials like Trump, however, have much greater incentives to push for lower interest rates, which make it easier for Americans to buy homes and cars and would boost the economy in the short run.

A political Fed could boost inflation

Douglas Elmendorf, an economist at Harvard and former director of the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, said that Trump’s demand for the Fed to cut its key rate by 3 percentage points would overstimulate the economy, lifting consumer demand above what the economy can produce and boosting inflation — similar to what happened during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency.

“If the Federal Reserve falls under control of the president, then we’ll end up with higher inflation in this country probably for years to come,” Elmendorf said.

And while the Fed controls a short-term rate, financial markets determine longer-term borrowing costs for mortgages and other loans. And if investors worry that inflation will stay high, they will demand higher yields on government bonds, pushing up borrowing costs across the economy.

In Turkey, for example, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan forced the central bank to keep interest rates low in the early 2020s, even as inflation spiked to 85%. In 2023, Erdogan allowed the central bank more independence, which has helped bring down inflation, but short-term interest rates rose to 50% to fight inflation, and are still 46%.

Other U.S. presidents have badgered the Fed. President Johnson harassed then-Fed Chair William McChesney Martin in the mid-1960s to keep rates low as Johnson ramped up government spending on the Vietnam War and antipoverty programs. And President Nixon pressured then-Chair Arthur Burns to avoid rate hikes in the run-up to the 1972 election. Both episodes are widely blamed for leading to the stubbornly high inflation of the 1960s and ‘70s.

Trump has also argued that the Fed should lower its rate to make it easier for the federal government to finance its tremendous $37-trillion debt load. Yet that threatens to distract the Fed from its congressional mandates of keeping inflation and unemployment low.

Independence vs. accountability

Presidents do have some influence over the Fed through their ability to appoint members of the board, subject to Senate approval. But the Fed was created to be insulated from short-term political pressures. Fed governors are appointed to staggered, 14-year terms to ensure that no single president can appoint too many.

Jane Manners, a law professor at Fordham University, said there is a reason that Congress decided to create independent agencies like the Fed: Lawmakers preferred “decisions that are made from a kind of objective, neutral vantage point grounded in expertise rather than decisions are that are wholly subject to political pressure.”

Yet some Trump administration officials say they want more democratic accountability at the Fed.

In an interview with USA Today, Vice President JD Vance said, “What people who are saying the president has no authority here are effectively saying is that seven economists and lawyers should be able to make an incredibly critical decision for the American people with no democratic input.”

Stephen Miran, a top White House economic advisor, wrote a paper last year advocating for a restructuring of the Fed, including making it much easier for a president to fire governors.

The “overall goal of this design is delivering the economic benefits” of an independent central bank, Miran wrote, “while maintaining a level of accountability that a democratic society must demand.” Trump has nominated Miran to the Fed’s board to replace Adriana Kugler, who stepped down unexpectedly Aug. 1.

There could be more turmoil ahead

Trump said he wants to oust Cook from the Board of Governors because of allegations raised by one of his advisors that she has committed mortgage fraud.

Cook has argued in a lawsuit seeking to block her firing that the claims are a pretext for Trump’s desire to assert more control over the Fed. A court may decide this week whether to temporarily block Cook’s firing while the case makes its way through the legal process.

Cook is accused of claiming two homes as primary residences in July 2021, before she joined the board, which could have led to a lower mortgage rate than if one had been classified as a second home or an investment property. She has suggested in her lawsuit that it may have been a clerical error but hasn’t directly responded to the accusations.

Trump also has personally insulted Powell for months, but his administration now appears much more focused on the Fed’s broader structure.

The Fed makes its interest rate decisions through a committee that consists of the seven governors, including Powell, as well as the 12 presidents of regional Fed banks in cities such as New York, Kansas City and Atlanta. Five of those presidents vote on rates at each meeting. The New York Fed president has a permanent vote, while four others vote on a rotating basis.

While the reserve banks’ boards choose their presidents, the Fed board in Washington can vote to reject them. All 12 presidents will need to be reappointed and approved by the board in February, which could become more contentious if the board votes down one or more of the 12 presidents.

Reappointing the reserve bank presidents and upending that structure would be “the nuclear scenario,” said Adam Posen, president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

That, he said, “would be the signal that things are truly going off the rails.”

Rugaber writes for the Associated Press.

Aug. 28 (UPI) — The Trump administration Thursday night announced a second criminal referral against Federal Reserve Board Governor Lisa Cook for mortgage fraud, as she sues President Donald Trump for attempting to illegally dismiss her.

William Pulte, the agency’s director, announced the second referral on X, stating “3 strikes and you’re out.”

“Lisa Cook needs to step aside — with the evidence coming out on her 3rd mortgage and her alleged misrepresentations to the Federal Government ethics department, I believe she is causing irreparable harm to our beloved Federal Reserve,” Pulte said in a second statement. “How is Jay Powell fine with her behavior?”

Pulte had sent the first criminal referral to Attorney General Pam Bondi on Aug. 26, accusing Cook, the first Black woman to sit on the independent board, of falsifying documents and committing mortgage, bank and wire fraud. She is accused of signing two separate mortgage documents for two separate properties that claim each is her primary residence. One property is in Michigan and the other is in Atlanta. The two documents were allegedly signed two weeks apart during the summer of 2021.

The new referral is about a third property in Cambridge, Mass.

Pulte states Cook misrepresented the property by calling it her “second home” on a 15-year mortgage document in December 2021, and then listing it on a U.S. ethics form as an “investment/rental property” weeks later.

Trump moved to fire Cook on Monday, after calling for her to resign, citing the first criminal referral as reason for the dismissal, the legality of which was unclear and has prompted staunch opposition from Democrats.

The second referral was announced hours after Cook sued Trump for attempting to fire her.

“This case challenges President Trump’s unprecedented and illegal attempt to remove Governor Cook from her position, which, if allowed to occur, would be the first of its kind in the Board’s history,” the suit said.

“It would subvert the Federal Reserve Act, which explicitly requires a showing of ’cause’ for a Governor’s removal, which an unsubstantiated allegation about private mortgage applications submitted by Governor Cook prior to her Senate confirmation is not,” the case introduction continued.

“The President’s actions violate Governor Cook’s Fifth Amendment due process rights and her statutory right to notice and a hearing under the [Federal Reserve Act],” it further stated. “Accordingly, Governor Cook seeks immediate declaratory and injunctive relief to confirm her status as a member of the Board of Governors, safeguard her and the Board’s congressionally mandated independence, and allow Governor Cook and the Federal Reserve to continue its critical work.”

The suit names Trump, Fed Chairman Jerome Powell and the Fed Board of Governors as defendants, and a hearing for a request for a temporary restraining order has been slated for 10 a.m. EDT on Friday in front of Federal Judge Jia Cobb.

Should she win the case, her lawyers ask for Trump to declare she remains an active Fed governor, and that board members can only be removed for cause, as described in the Federal Reserve Act, the law under which Trump is attempting to fire her.

The suit also seeks “an award of the costs of this action and reasonable attorney fees under the Equal Access to Justice Act or any other applicable law,” as well as an “award of all other appropriate relief.”

Trump campaigned on retaliating against political opponents. Since returning to the White House in January, he has used his executive powers to strip lawyers and law firms that have represented or are connected to his rivals of security clearances.

Two other Democrats and Trump critics — New York Attorney General Letitia James and Sen. Adam Schiff of California — have also been accused of mortgage fraud by the Trump administration.

Trump’s attempt to fire Cook follows months of the president applying political pressure on her boss, Powell, to lower interest rates. Despite the insults and demands from Trump, Powell has resisted, stating economic policy will not be determined by politics.

Democrats have accused Trump of perpetrating an illegal authoritarian power grab by firing Cook. On Thursday night, Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., ranking member of the Senate Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs Committee, accused Trump of attempting to “turn the Federal Reserve into the ‘Central Bank of Trump.'”

“The Fed makes decisions based on economic data — not political pressure,” she said in a statement. “This move would undermine the world’s confidence in our economy and harm working people.

“And it is illegal.”

WASHINGTON — When Bill Pulte was nominated as the country’s top housing regulator, he told senators that his “number one mission will be to strengthen and safeguard the housing finance system.”

But since he started the job, he’s distinguished himself by targeting President Trump ‘s political enemies. He’s using property records to make accusations of mortgage fraud and encourage criminal investigations, wielding an obscure position to serve as a presidential enforcer.

This week, Trump used allegations publicized by Pulte in an attempt to fire Lisa Cook, a member of the Federal Reserve board, as he tries to exert more control over the traditionally independent central bank.

Pulte claims that Cook designated two homes as her primary residence to get more favorable mortgage rates. Cook plans to fight her removal, laying the groundwork for a legal battle that could reshape a cornerstone institution in the American economy.

Trump said Tuesday that Cook “seems to have had an infraction, and you can’t have an infraction,” adding that he has “some very good people” in mind to replace her.

Pulte has cheered on the president’s campaign with a Trumpian flourish.

“Fraud will not be tolerated in President Trump’s housing market,” he wrote on social media. “Thank you for your attention to this matter.”

Pulte targets Democrats but not Republicans

Pulte, 37, is a housing industry scion whose official job is director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. He oversees mortgage buyers Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which were placed in conservatorship during the Great Recession almost two decades ago.

Like other political appointees, he routinely lavishes praise on his boss.

“President Trump is the greatest,” he posted over the weekend.

Pulte has made additional allegations of mortgage fraud against Sen. Adam Schiff, one of Trump’s top antagonists on Capitol Hill, and New York Attorney General Letitia James, who filed lawsuits against Trump. Those cases are being pursued by Ed Martin, a Justice Department official.

“In a world where housing is too expensive, we do not need to subsidize housing for fraudsters by letting them get better rates than they deserve,” Pulte wrote on social media.

Pulte has ignored a similar case involving Ken Paxton, the Texas attorney general who is friendly with Trump and is running for Senate in his state’s Republican primary. Paxton took out mortgages on three properties that were all identified as his primary residence.

He also has mortgages on two other properties that explicitly prohibit him from renting the properties out, but both have been repeatedly listed for rent, according to real estate listings and posts on short-term rental sites.

Asked about Pulte’s investigations and Trump’s role in them, the White House said that anyone who violates the law should be held accountable.

“President Trump’s only retribution is success and historic achievements for the American people,” said Davis Ingle, White House spokesman.

It’s unclear whether Pulte is using government resources to develop the allegations he has made. Mortgage documents are generally public records, but they are typically maintained at the county level across most of the U.S., making them difficult to comprehensively review. However, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which are both government-sponsored entities, purchase large tranches of mortgages from lenders, which could centralize much of that information, real estate and legal experts say.

FHFA did not respond to a detailed list of questions from the AP, including whether Pulte or his aides used government resources to conduct his research.

It’s not just mortgages

Pulte’s broadsides go beyond mortgages. He’s been backing Trump’s criticism of Jerome Powell, chair of the Federal Reserve, over expensive renovations at the central bank’s headquarters. Trump is pressuring Powell to cut interest rates in hopes of lowering borrowing costs, and his allies have highlighted cost overruns to suggest that Powell is untrustworthy or should be removed from his position.

“This guy is supposed to be the money manager for the world’s biggest economy, and it doesn’t even look like he can run a construction site,” Pulte said while wearing a neon safety vest outside the building. “So something doesn’t smell right here.”

Since returning to the White House, Trump has reached deep into the government to advance his agenda. He’s overhauled the federal workforce with the Office of Personnel Management, pushed ideological changes at the Smithsonian network of museums and fired the commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics when he didn’t like a recent report on job numbers.

With Pulte in charge, the Federal Housing Finance Agency is becoming another instrument of Trump’s mission to exert control and retaliate against enemies.

It’s a contrast to the Internal Revenue Service, where Trump has unsuccessfully discussed ways to use tax policies as a pressure point. For example, during battles over higher education, Trump threatened to take away Harvard’s long-standing tax-exempt status by saying, “It’s what they deserve.”

However, there are more restrictions there, dating back to the Watergate scandal under President Richard Nixon.

“It’s been hard for the administration to use the inroads it wants to use to pursue its enemies,” said Vanessa Williamson, a senior fellow at the Urban-Brookings Tax Policy Center.

She said, “The law is very clear about taxpayer privacy and the criminal penalties at play are not small.”

Before going on the attack, Pulte played nice online

Pulte is heir to a home-building fortune amassed by his grandfather, also named William Pulte, who founded a construction company in Detroit in the 1950s that grew into the publicly traded national housing giant now known as the Pulte Group.

He spent four years on the company’s board, and he’s the owner of heating and air conditioning businesses across the U.S. He had never served in government before being nominated by Trump to lead the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

“While many children spent their weekends at sporting events, I spent mine on homebuilding jobsites with my father and grandfather,” Pulte said in written testimony for his nomination hearing. “From the ground up, I learned every aspect of housing — whether it was cleaning job sites, assisting in construction, or helping sell homes.”

He once tried to make a name for himself with good deeds, describing himself as the “Inventor of Twitter Philanthropy” and offering money to needy people online. He was working in private equity at the time, and he told the Detroit Free Press that he funded his donations with some “very good liquidity events” to power his donations.

Even six years ago, he appeared focused on getting attention from Trump.

“If @realDonaldTrump retweets this, my team and I will give Two Beautiful Cars to Two Beautiful Veterans on Twitter.”

Trump replied, “Thank you, Bill, say hello to our GREAT VETERANS!”

Pulte, whose most recent financial disclosure shows a net worth of at least $180 million, was also ramping up his political donations.

Over the past six years, he and his wife have donated over $1 million to the political efforts of Trump and his allies, including a $500,000 contribution to a super PAC affiliated with Trump that was the subject of a campaign finance complaint made with the Federal Election Commission.

The Pultes’ $500,000 contribution was made through a company they control named ML Organization LLC, records show. While such contributions are typically allowed from corporations, the same is not always true for some limited liability companies that have a limited business footprint and could be set up to obscure the donor.

The FEC ultimately exonerated the Pultes, but found in April that the Trump super PAC, Make America Great Again, Again! Inc., did not properly disclose that the Pultes were the source of the donation, said Saurav Ghosh, the Campaign Legal Center’s director of federal campaign finance reform.

Ghosh said the donation raises serious questions about Pulte’s appointment to lead FHFA.

“Why is Bill Pulte even in a government position?” he said. “Maybe he’s qualified, maybe he isn’t. But he did pour hundreds of thousands of dollars into a pro-Trump super PAC. And I think it’s clear there are these types of rewards for big donors across the Trump administration.”

Megerian, Slodysko and Hussein write for the Associated Press.

Aug. 26 (UPI) — President Donald Trump on Monday fired Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook as he continues to feud with her boss over lowering interest rates.

The legality of Cooks’ firing was unclear, and has prompted Democrats to accuse the Republican president of perpetrating an “illegal authoritarian power grab.”

Trump informed Cook of her dismissal in a letter he made public on his Truth Social platform, informing the first Black woman to sit on the Reserve Board that he has “determined that there is sufficient cause to remove you from your position” over allegations of making false statements on mortgage agreements.

“In light of your deceitful and potentially criminal conduct in a financial matter, they cannot and I do not have such confidence in your integrity,” Trump said in the letter.

Trump fired Cook following months of applying political pressure on her boss, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, to lower interest rates. Amid the insults and demands Trump has made of Powell, the Trump-nominated chair from his first administration has stated economic policy will not be influenced by politics.

On Aug. 15, Federal Housing Finance Agency Director William Pulte, a Powell critic, sent a criminal referral for Cook to Attorney General Pam Bondi, accusing Cook of falsifying documents as well as mortgage, bank and wire fraud for signing mortgage documents. She is accused of signing two separate mortgage documents for two separate properties that claim each is her primary residence. One property is in Michigan and the other is in Atlanta. The two documents were allegedly signed two weeks apart during the summer of 2021.

After Pulte made the criminal referral public, Trump called for Cook to resign, which she did not do.

In his Monday letter, Trump cited the allegations against Cook, saying her signing of both mortgage documents “exhibits the sort of gross negligence in financial transactions that calls into question your competence and trustworthiness as a financial regulator.”

Cook was fired under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, which stipulates that the president may only remove members of the board for cause.

“The illegal attempt to fire Lisa Cook is the latest example of a desperate president searching for a scapegoat to cover for his own failure to lower costs for Americans,” Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass, ranking member of the Senate Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Committee, said in a statement.

“It’s an authoritarian power grab that blatantly violates the Federal Reserve Act, and must be overturned in court.”

Pulte on Monday night thanked Trump for his “commitment to stopping mortgage fraud” by firing Cook.

“Fraud will not be tolerated in President Trump’s housing market,” he said on X.

Trump campaigned on using the office of the presidency to retaliate against his political rivals. Since returning to the White House in January, he has used his executive powers to strip security clearances from perceived political rivals, including lawyers who prosecuted his criminal cases, as well as law firms and former security officials.

Along with Cook, New York Attorney General Letitia James and Sen. Adam Schiff of California have also been accused of mortgage fraud.

Early this month, Trump has also fired Erika McEntarfer, the Senate-confirmed head of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, after job growth was slower than expected, claiming the numbers were inaccurate. Democrats and critics accused Trump of dangerously politicizing economic data.

Cooks’ firing is expected to be challenged in court, but her vacancy permits Trump to nominate a replacement.

Following Cooks’ firing on Monday, Rep. Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., described Trump’s move as “reckless” and clearly unlawful.”

“The Federal Reserve Act permits removal only for cause, serious misconduct, not partisan smears dressed as ‘referrals’ from a hack like Ed Martin,” Nadler said in a statement. Martin has been tapped to be the special attorney on mortgage fraud cases.

“Trump undermining the Fed for political reasons endangers financial stability and every American’s livelihood, and must be challenged in court immediately.”

WASHINGTON — President Trump said Monday night that he’s firing Federal Reserve Gov. Lisa Cook, an unprecedented move that would constitute a sharp escalation in his battle to exert greater control over what has long been considered an institution independent from day-to-day politics.

Trump said in a letter posted on his Truth Social platform that he is removing Cook effective immediately because of allegations that she committed mortgage fraud. Bill Pulte, a Trump appointee to the agency that regulates mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, made the accusations last week.

Pulte alleged that Cook had claimed two primary residences — in Ann Arbor, Mich., and Atlanta — in 2021 to get better mortgage terms. Mortgage rates are often higher on second homes or those purchased to rent.

Trump’s move is likely to touch off an extensive legal battle that will probably go to the Supreme Court and could disrupt financial markets, potentially pushing interest rates higher.

The independence of the Fed is considered critical to its ability to fight inflation because it enables it to take unpopular steps such as raising interest rates. If bond investors start to lose faith that the Fed will be able to control inflation, they will demand higher rates to own bonds, pushing up borrowing costs for mortgages, car loans and business loans.

Legal scholars noted that the allegations are likely a pretext for the president to open up another seat on the seven-member board so he can appoint a loyalist to push for his long-stated goal of lower interest rates.

Fed governors vote on the central bank’s interest rate decisions and on issues of financial regulation. Although they are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate, they are not like Cabinet secretaries, who serve at the pleasure of the president. They serve 14-year terms that are staggered in an effort to insulate the Fed from political influence.

No president has sought to fire a Fed governor before. In recent decades, presidents of both parties have largely respected Fed independence, though Richard Nixon and Lyndon Johnson put heavy pressure on the Fed during their presidencies — mostly behind closed doors.

Still, that behind-the-scenes pressure to keep interest rates low, the same goal sought by Trump, has widely been blamed for touching off rampant inflation in the late 1960s and ‘70s.

The announcement came days after Cook said she wouldn’t leave despite Trump previously calling for her to resign. “I have no intention of being bullied to step down from my position because of some questions raised in a tweet,” Cook said in a previous statement issued by the Fed.

Senate Democrats had expressed support for Cook, who has not been charged with wrongdoing.

Another Fed governor, Adriana Kugler, stepped down unexpectedly Aug. 1, and Trump has nominated one of his economic advisors, Stephen Miran, to fill out the remainder of her term until January.

“The Federal Reserve has tremendous responsibility for setting interest rates and regulating reserve member banks. The American people must have the full confidence in the honesty of the members entrusted with setting policy and overseeing the Federal Reserve,” Trump wrote in a letter addressed to Cook, a copy of which he posted online. “In light of your deceitful and potentially criminal conduct in a financial matter, they cannot and I do not have such confidence in your integrity.”

Trump argued that firing Cook was constitutional, even if doing so will raise questions about control of the Fed as an independent entity.

“The executive power of the United States is vested to me as President and, as President, I have a solemn duty that the laws of the United States are faithfully enacted,” the president wrote in the letter to Cook. “I have determined that faithfully enacting the law requires your immediate removal from office.”

Among the unresolved legal questions are whether Cook could be allowed to remain in her seat while the case plays out. She may have to fight the legal battle herself, as the injured party, rather than the Fed.

In the meantime, Trump’s announcement drew swift rebuke from advocates and former Fed officials who worry that Trump is trying to exert too much power and control over the nation’s central bank.

“The President’s effort to fire a sitting Federal Reserve Governor is part of a concerted effort to transform the financial regulators from independent watchdogs into obedient lapdogs that do as they’re told. This could have real consequences for Americans feeling the squeeze from higher prices,” Rohit Chopra, former director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, said in a statement.

It is the latest effort by the administration to take control over one of the few remaining independent agencies in Washington. Trump has repeatedly attacked the Fed’s chair, Jerome H. Powell, for not cutting its short-term interest rate, and even threatened to fire him.

Forcing Cook off the Fed’s governing board would provide Trump an opportunity to appoint a loyalist. Trump has said he would appoint only officials who would support cutting rates.

Powell signaled last week that the Fed may cut rates soon even as inflation risks remain moderate. Meanwhile, Trump will be able to replace Powell in May 2026, when Powell’s term expires. However, 12 members of the Fed’s interest-rate-setting committee have a vote on whether to raise or lower interest rates, so even replacing the chair might not guarantee that Fed policy will shift the way Trump wants.

Rugaber and Weissert write for the Associated Press.

Aug. 22 (UPI) — Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell on Friday did not give a clear indication of the central bank’s plans to possibly cut interest rates amid pressure from President Donald Trump but spoke to the difficult conditions affecting decisionmakers.

Speaking from the annual Economic Policy Symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, Powell said “in the near term, risks to inflation are tilted to the upside, and risks to employment to the downside” referring to two factors the Fed uses to determine if rates should change or stay as is, the latter of which is considered a barrier to inflation.

“In terms of the Fed’s dual-mandate goals, he labor market remains near maximum employment, and inflation, though still somewhat elevated, has come down a great deal from its post-pandemic highs. At the same time, the balance of risks appears to be shifting,” he said.

Mentioning “risks” was the closest Powell came to declaring rate cuts are in the works, which some investors are expecting to be enacted when the Federal Open Market Committee next meets in September.

Powell noted that while the Fed’s dual mandate requires “balance,” but also added that “the stability of the unemployment rate and other labor market measures allows us to proceed carefully as we consider changes to our policy stance.

“The Fed also announced Friday that the Federal Open Market Committee, or FOMC, which decides interest rates, has approved its latest updated “Statement on Longer-Run Goals and Monetary Policy Strategy,” which explains how it handles monetary policies and uses it to guide policy actions.

In a press release, the committee stated that it’s “prepared to act forcefully to ensure that longer-term inflation expectations remain well anchored.”

“Therefore, the Committee’s policy decisions reflect its longer-run goals, its medium-term outlook, and its assessments of the balance of risks, including risks to the financial system that could impede the attainment of the Committee’s goals,” the committee further stated.

ADVERTISEMENT

Leading European stock markets reflected a cautiously positive sentiment on Friday as investors watched for progress on Ukraine peace talks and awaited a speech from US Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell. He will speak on Friday at Jackson Hole, where central bankers gather for their annual meeting. 

Markets also digested details of an EU-US trade truce and better-than-expected business activity data, announced on Thursday.

Despite the news that the German economy shrank more than initially estimated in the second quarter, the German DAX changed direction and made up its earlier losses, gaining around 0.1% after 11.00 CEST.

The FTSE 100, though trading in negative territory all morning, also followed suit and changed course, gaining a few points by late morning.

The Paris CAC 40 was up 0.2%, the Madrid IBEX 35 rose by 0.4%, and the European benchmark STOXX 600 increased by 0.2%. 

As for the London blue chip index, the early morning slight dip appeared to be just a small correction. “The FTSE 100 saw a subdued start on Friday after achieving a record close above 9,300 yesterday,” said AJ Bell investment analyst Dan Coatsworth in his note.

Investors are focusing on the message Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell might deliver at the Jackson Hole summit in Wyoming.

“Investors had been expecting a rate cut from the Fed next month so if Powell were to say anything suggesting rates might be kept on hold, it could see stocks come under greater pressure,” said Coatsworth. He added that robust PMI data from the US on Thursday pointed to a strong economy, potentially reducing the chances of the Fed lowering borrowing costs.

A cut in interest rates would be the first of the year and it would give asset prices and the economy a boost — but it could also risk worsening inflation.

The Fed has been hesitant to cut interest rates this year out of fear that President Donald Trump’s tariffs could push inflation higher, but a surprisingly weak report on employment growth earlier this month suddenly shifted focus towards the job market. Trump, meanwhile, has forcefully pushed for cuts to interest rates, directing fierce criticism towards Powell.

US markets closed in a gloomy mood

On Wall Street on Thursday, the S&P 500 slipped 0.4% to 6,370.17, continuing a gradual decline since a record on 14 August. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 0.3% to 44,875.50, and the Nasdaq composite fell 0.3% to 21,100.31.

In other dealings early on Friday, the US dollar rose to 148.48 Japanese yen, from 148.37 yen. The euro slipped to $1.1590 from $1.1606.

Meanwhile, oil prices fell by midday in Europe; the US benchmark crude lost 0.2% and was traded at $63.38 per barrel. Brent crude, the international standard, also was down by 0.2% at $67.52 per barrel.

Oil prices moved higher yesterday, “as the initial enthusiasm over progress towards a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine continues to fade”, said ING in a note. Expectations of increased global uncertainty are driven by the difficulties of setting up a Putin-Zelensky summit and securing potential security guarantees for Ukraine.

Asian markets were also mixed on Friday

Asian shares were also mixed on Friday. In Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 rose less than 0.1% to 42,633.29 after Japan’s core inflation rate slowed to 3.1% in July, from 3.3% in June.

ING Economics said in a note that price pressures were broadly in line with market consensus. Inflation staying above 3% raises the likelihood of a rate hike as soon as October, it said.

In Chinese markets, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index rose 0.9% to 25,339.14. The Shanghai composite index climbed 1.5% to 3,825.76.

South Korea’s Kospi added 0.9% to 3,168.73. Australia’s S&P/ASX 200 fell 0.6% to 8,967.40 as traders sold to lock in gains after the benchmark surged to record highs in recent trading sessions.

Aug. 5 (UPI) — President Donald Trump said Tuesday that Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent is no longer on the list to replace Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell.

“Well I love Scott, but he wants to stay where he is,” Trump said on CNBC’s Squawk Box. “I asked him just last night, ‘Is this something you want?’ ‘Nope I want to stay where I am.'”

“I just take him off. He does not want it. He likes being Treasury secretary,” Trump said.

Powell’s term as Fed chair ends in 2026, and Trump has been highly critical of his hesitation to lower interest rates, calling him a “moron” and “too late.”

Trump is considering his own replacements for the Fed’s board of governors amid his criticism of Powell over his stance on interest rates.

Others Trump is considering to replace Powell include Kevin Warsh, a financier and bank executive who previously served on the Fed’s board of governors, and Kevin Hassett, an economist and the head of the National Economic Council at the White House.

“Both Kevins are very good, and there are other people that are very good, too,” Trump said, adding that [Adriana] Kugler’s resignation “was a pleasant surprise.”

Kugler, a labor economist, announced Friday that she would step down from the Fed’s board of governors this Friday. She plans to return to teaching public policy at Georgetown University in the fall.

Another contender for Powell’s job is economist and Fed governor Christopher Waller, whom Trump appointed.

Trump nominated Powell for the Fed job in 2017, during his first term as president. President Joe Biden reappointed him during his term. Trump alleged Tuesday that Powell told him, “Sir, I’ll keep interest rates so low. I’m a low interest rate person.”

Last week, the Fed kept the interest rate unchanged at 4.25%-4.5%. Waller and governor Michelle Bowman, another Trump appointee, dissented. It was the first time two governors had dissented since 1993.

Aug. 2 (UPI) — One of the seven members of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Adriana Kugler, announced she is stepping down next week, creating an opening for President Donald Trump to fill.

Her term was set to expire in January but Kugler said Friday she will depart in seven days. President Joe Biden appointed Kugler, a 55-year-old labor economist, in September 2023.

Governors’ terms are for 14 years, and Kugler filled an opening.

“The Federal Reserve does important work to help foster a healthy economy and it has been a privilege to work towards that goal on behalf of all Americans for nearly two years,” Kugler said in her resignation letter to Trump. “I am proud to have tackled this role with integrity, a strong commitment to serving the public, and with a data-driven approach strongly based on my expertise in labor markets and inflation.”

Kugler said she plans to return to teaching public policy at Georgetown University in the fall. She was a vice provost for faculty at Georgetown and earned her Ph.D. in economics at the University of California at Berkeley.

“I am especially honored to have served during a critical time in achieving our dual mandate of bringing down prices and keeping a strong and resilient labor market,” she wrote in the letter.

Kugler did not vote on Wednesday when the central bank’s Federal Open Market Committee kept the benchmark interest rate unchanged at a range of 4.25% to 4.5% for a fifth consecutive meeting. Two of the 11 committee members who did vote dissented, backing Trump’s desire to lower rates.

The 12-member committee includes the seven governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and four remaining 11 Reserve Bank presidents who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.

“We just found out that I have an open spot on the Federal Reserve Board. I’m very happy about that,” Trump said late Friday before boarding Marine One.

He later posted on Truth Social that Fed Chairman Jerome Powell “should resign, just like Adriana Kugler, a Biden Appointee, resigned. She knew he was doing the wrong thing on Interest Rates. He should resign, also!”

The replacement may ultimately replace Powell, whose term ends in May, though he can remain as a governor until 2028.

The president appoints each of the board members and designates one to serve as chair for four years. Trump appointed Powell during his first presidency in 2018. Biden appointed him to another term as chairman.

“Trump’s influence on interest rates will now be felt earlier and more strongly,” Derek Tang, an economist at LHMeyer, an economic consulting firm, told The Washington Post.

Contenders to lead the Fed are National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett, former Fed governor Kevin Warsh and Fed governor Christopher Waller, each with distinct strengths, The Washington Post reported. Trump has said he wants Scott Bessent to remain as Treasury secretary.

Trump has sought to replace Powell, calling him on Truth Social “a stubborn MORON” and “too late” on lowering interest rates. But he can only be fired “for cause,” such as malfeasance, neglect of duty or inefficiency, rather than disagreeing with policies.

Experts say his removal could disrupt the financial markets.

July 31 (UPI) — The Federal Reserve‘s preferred inflation gauge rose more than expected in June, according to a report by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis released Thursday.

The personal consumption expenditures index, or PCE, rose 0.3% in June from the previous month and 2.6% from June 2024. Core PCE, which excludes volatile food and energy prices rose 2.8% on an annual basis.

The annual increases were higher than analysts’ expectations of a 2.5% increase for PCE and 2.7% rise for core PCE.

Additionally, when measured at a monthly rate, Americans saw their income increase by 0.3%, or $71.4 billion. However, after taxes that increase in dollars dips to around $61 billion, and the value of the goods and services bought by or for American citizens, or personal consumption expenditures, also rose 0.3% to $69.9 billion.

As for savings, residents held on to $1.01 trillion in personal savings in June, and when measured as a percentage of disposable income, those personal savings came in at 4.5%.

Inflation was also evident via the consumer price index, or CPI, as that rose 0.3% for urban consumers increased 0.3% since June when seasonally adjusted, and 2.7% over the last 12 months not seasonally adjusted, despite dipping as low as 2.3% in April.

The Fed continues to hold short-term interest rates steady at a range of 4.25% to 4.5% following its meeting earlier this week, with Fed Chair Jerome Powell citing earlier this month that the impact of President Donald Trump‘s reciprocal tariff strategy is the reason the Fed hasn’t gotten back to cutting rates.

Trump, who has been pushing for the Fed to lower rates, posted to Truth Social Thursday in regard to the Fed’s hold, saying Powell “is costing our Country TRILLIONS OF DOLLARS,” and called him a TOTAL LOSER.”

July 24 (UPI) — President Donald Trump will head to the Federal Reserve on Thursday amid his ongoing calls for Chair Jerome Powell to resign.

A U.S. president hasn’t visited the nation’s central bank since President George W. Bush in 2006. Trump is slated to arrive at 4 p.m. EDT and take an hour-long tour of the site, as he has expressed disdain for renovations at the office building.

The $2.5 billion renovation project has been part of Trump’s criticism Powell, and the Trump administration has also pushed at Powell, who Trump nominated to the job in 2017.

Trump, as recently as Wednesday, lashed out at Powell, who he has dubbed “Too Late.”

“Housing in our country is lagging because Jerome ‘Too Late’ Powell refuses to lower interest rates,” Trump posted to Truth Social on Wednesday. “Families are being hurt because interest rates are too high, and even our country is having to pay a higher rate than it should be because of ‘Too Late.'”

White House Deputy Chief of Staff James Blair, who has also taken to referring to Powell as “Too Late” on social media, has also been critical of the renovations. Blair has accused the Fed of trying to hide what is being spent on the project before announcing Tuesday that Trump and his people will be making the Thursday visit.

Blair had said on Monday that the Fed released a virtual video of its offices in what he considered an effort to stymie a review at the construction.

“What do they not want us to see?” he said on X.

“We go Thursday!” Blair posted to X Tuesday after inferring that the Fed had relented on blocking a visit due to pressure by the White House.

U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said Monday on X he has called for an assessment of the Federal Reserve.

“While I have no knowledge or opinion on the legal basis for the massive building renovations being undertaken,” Bessent said. “A review of the decision to undertake such a project by an institution reporting operating losses of more than $100 billion per year should be conducted.”

Trump has expressed in the past a desire to fire Powell and has suggested that overruns on the cost of the renovations would be a viable excuse to terminate the Fed Chairman. However, Trump has since yielded on that notion and has indicated he will likely instead allow Powell to keep his job until his term expires next May.

July 21 (UPI) — Two U.S. stock indexes — Standard and Poor’s 500 and Nasdaq Composite 500 — ended trading Monday with record highs as companies release earnings this week, though investors brace for U.S. tariff increases.

The S&P 500 hit a high of 6,305.60 with a rise of 8.81 points, or 0.6%, above the record 6,297.36 set Thursday. The tech-heavy Nasdaq reached 20,974.18, a rise of 78.52, or 0.38%, after a record 20,895.66 on Friday.

The blue-chip Dow Jones Industrial Average ended the day with a loss of 19.12 points, or 0.04%, to reach 44,323.07 and off the record 45,073.63 on Dec. 4. The index’s high this year was 45,008.75 on Jan. 30, 10 days after Donald Trump took office for his second term.

DJIA was in the green during the day with the other indexes higher.

Morgan Stanely Chief U.S. Equity Strategist Mike Wilson forecasts the S&P will climb to 7,200 points by mid-2026 in a report by USA Today.

The Magniciant Seven technology stocks have not released data yet with sixt of them rising Thursday Apple (0.62%0, Alphabet (2.8%), Amazon (1.43%), Meta (1.23), Microsoft (0.002%).

Declining were Nvidia (0.6% and Tesla (0.35%).

Tesla, with a stock price of 329.49 is down 13.39% year to date. The stock slumped to 221.86 on April 8, but over five years Tesla is up 247.72%.

The 11 CNBC technology sectors ended trading within a small range — from Consumer Discretionary up 0.6% to energy down 0.96%.

Earnings reports have already been strong.

Verizon’s stock price climbed 5% after posting better-than-expected earnings and revenue, and finished with a rise of 4.04%. Of the 62 S&P companies that have reported, more than 85% beat expectations, according to FactSet data as reported by CNBC.

Earnings for the second quarter, which ended June 30, are tracking 5% over one year, according Bank of America.

“Rarely do you injure yourself falling out of a basement window,” Sam Stovall, chief investment strategist at CFRA Research, said to CNBC. “With expectations so low in earnings, I think that the end result will end up being better than anticipated. That is encouraging for the market, as well.”

Stoval said he believes the S&P could hit 6,600 before declining.

“A lot of the negativity has typically been shaken out of the market during these corrections, and now we’re seeing articles about maybe the economy is not as bad as we thought it was, consumer confidence is on the mend and we’re not seeing the inflation numbers be adversely affected by tariffs,” he said. “Maybe it’s just a matter of time before those things kick in, but at least for now, I think investors are saying, ‘You know what, the market is indicating that it wants to go higher.'”

Dan Greenhaus at Solus Alternative Asset Management was more cautious. He told Bloomberg News: “Given the better-than-expected inflation and economic data — not to mention corporate commentary which thus far has been pretty good — I’m not sure I’d put too much stock in the technicals right now.”

Stocks lately haven’t been volatile, especially compared with April. Before trading this week, the S&P went 17 sessions without a move of more than 1% in each direction.

Trump threatened tariffs on the April 2 “Liberation Day” of across-the-board tariffs on most U.S. trading partners and much higher for offenders.

Indexes then tumbled to lows this year and the bond market was battered. On April 8, the S&P was down 17.5% to 4,982.77, Nasdaq went into a bear market with a decline of 23.4% to 15,267.93 and DJIA off 15.4% 37,645.59.

Then a day later, Trump paused the reciprocal tariffs to July 9. Last week, Trump announced new figures on 25 countries, including 50% against Brazil, 35% against Canada, 30% against the 29 European Union nations, 30% on Mexico.

Deals have been reached with some nations, including Britain, China and Vietnam.

Looming is the Aug. 1 trade deadline for countries to begin paying higher tariffs. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick told CBS News‘ Face the Nation on Sunday it is a “hard deadline.”

“That’s gotten these countries to the table, and they are going to open their markets or they’re going to pay the tariff,” Lutnick said.

The U.S. economy has been in good shape as the U.S. unemployment fell to 4.1% in June. Consumer prices rose 2.7% over one year, up 2.4% from the previous month. Transportation services were up 3.4%, food at 3%, and uses and trucks as 2.8%, according to Trading Economies. Specifically, energy costs decline by a smaller margin than the previous month.

“I think you’re going to see inflation stay right where it is,” Lutnick said. “Americans can expect ‘shockingly low’ prices.

The federal fund rate remained at a target range of 4.25% to 3.5% after its the Federal Reserve’s June 17 and 18 meetings.

The Fed’s last rate change was a 25 basis point reduction on Dec. 18.

Trump has been pressuring Chairman Jerome Powell to lower the rates. But Powell is urging caution and said a reduction could spur inflation and slow economic growth.

The U.S. 10-year Treasury was down to 4.382%.

Gold COMEX for August traded at 3,410.30, a rise of $52, which is below the record 3,452.80 on June 13.

West Texas Intermediate Crude for August settled at $67.00, a decline of 34 cents. On May 5, it was $57.13, the lowest since January 2021. One ounce of gold had a high of $80.04 on Jan. 15.

The price of a gallon of unleaded gasoline was averaging $3.14 nationwide, down a penny from last week, according to AAA on Monday. One year ago it was $3.50.

July 16 (UPI) — President Donald Trump said he won’t fire Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell but will replace him within the next year when his four-year term ends.

A reporter asked Trump about rumors of his pending firing of Powell while the president fielded media questions prior to a luncheon and meeting with the Bahrain Prime Minister and Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa at the White House on Wednesday.

“He’s always been too late, hence, his nickname ‘Too Late,'” Trump said of Powell.

“He should have cut interest rates a long time ago,” Trump continued. “Europe has cut them 10 times in the short time that we have cut none.

“The only time he cut them was just before the election to try and help Kamala [Harris], but, obviously, that didn’t work,” Trump said.

“He does a terrible job,” Trump continued. “He’s costing us a lot of money, and we fight through it.”

He said the nation’s economy is strong enough that the Federal Reserve’s lending rate of between 4.25% and 4.5% doesn’t affect the nation.

Instead, Trump said, it hurts those who want to buy a house by saddling them with a higher mortgage rate.

“He’s a terrible Fed chair, Trump said. “I’m surprised that [President Joe] Biden extended him, but they did.”

“We’re not planning on doing anything,” Trump said, but “we’re very concerned.”

Instead of firing Powell, Trump said his administration can “make a change in the next eight months or so.”

Powell initially became the Federal Reserve chairman in 2018 after Trump nominated him for the position during the president’s first term.

Biden nominated Powell for another four-year term, for which he was sworn in on May 23, 2022, and ends on May 15, according to the Federal Reserve.

Trump has denied he is planning to fire Powell, unless evidence of fraud arises, CNBC reported on Wednesday.

But on Tuesday, he asked some House Republicans if he should fire Powell and was told he should, CNBC and The Hill reported.

An unnamed participant said Trump told the group he would fire Powell, media reported.

Trump later denied he would fire Powell and said he has not drafted a letter to remove Powell from his chairmanship.

Trump on Wednesday acknowledged he asked the group of House Republicans “about the concept of firing” Powell, CBS News reported.

He said it only would happen if there were some cause, such as possible fraud involved in a $2.5 billion improvement project for the Federal Reserve headquarters in Washington, D.C.

“He’s already under investigation,” Trump said of Powell. “He spent far more money than he was supposed to rebuilding.”

Office of Management and Budget Director Russ Vought last week accused Powell of undertaking a renovation project that has lasted for years that might run counter to federal law, CBS News reported.

Powell in June told a Senate panel some of the criticisms of the renovation of the Federal Reserve’s Washington, D.C., headquarters are “misleading and inaccurate.”

Trump has criticized Powell for the Federal Reserve not lowering interest rates.

Powell has cited Trump’s often-changing tariff policies as the reason for not lowering the Federal Reserve’s lending rate.

Powell also has said he won’t let politics influence the decisions of the independent Federal Reserve Board of Governors.

June 27 (UPI) — The Standard & Poor’s 500 and Nasdaq Composite on Friday rose to record highs nearly three months after plunging to bearish stock prices amid tariff wars.

The S&P finished at 6,173, an increase of 32.05, or 0.52% at the close of trading at 4 p.m. EDT. The previous all-time high closing price was 6,144 on Feb. 19. The index dropped to 4,982.77 on April 8, six days after Donald Trump announced trading tariffs on virtually all U.S. trading partners. That low point was 19% off the record with a bear market considered to be 20%.

Tech-heavy Nasdaq finished at 20,273, a rise of 105.55, or .52%. The last all-time high was 20,173.89 on Dec. 16. The year’s low was April 8 at 15,267, a decline of 24.5% from the record.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average ended the day at 43,819.27, a rise of 431.43 or 1%. DJIA hit a record of 45,014.04 on Dec. 4 and was down to 37,645.59 on April 8. The high this year was 44,882.13 on Jan. 30th, 10 days after Donald Trump became president.

All but two of CNBC’s 11 sectors declined. Energy dropped 0.5% and health 0.17%. The biggest increases were consumer discretionary at 1.78% and communications services at 1.55%.

Stocks had been trading higher Friday until Trump posted on Truth Social that trade talks with Canada were terminated.

“We have just been informed that Canada, a very difficult Country to TRADE with, including the fact that they have charged our Farmers as much as 400% Tariffs, for years, on Dairy Products, has just announced that they are putting a Digital Services Tax on our American Technology Companies, which is a direct and blatant attack on our Country,” Trump posted.

“Based on this egregious Tax, we are hereby terminating ALL discussions on Trade with Canada, effective immediately,” he said. “We will let Canada know the Tariff that they will be paying to do business with the United States of America within the next seven day period.”

The United States has imposed a 25% tariff on non-compliant Canadian goods, including vehicles, with energy products subject to a 10% tariff. Also, Canada was hit by the 50% tariff on steel and aluminum imports like other nations. Canada has retaliated with its own tariffs.

Products involved in the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement are exempted.

Investors were buoyed after Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said a trade framework with China had been finalized. At one time, Trump imposed a 134% tariff but it has since been cut to $30.

Lutnick said he expects deals with 10 trading partners soon.

On “Liberation Day” on April 2, Trump said he would impose a baseline 10% tariffs on most trading partners and stiffer ones for big violators. A week later, he paused them until July 7 and that date might be extended.

“I can see where the risks are here — if the trade [progress] is just hype from the White House and no deals are really forthcoming, then this market is going to roll over,” Thierry Wizman, global FX and rates strategist at Macquarie Group, told CNBS. “Ultimately, this all comes back to growth in the U.S. economy and growth of earnings.”

“We think the recovery makes sense, considering that most large-cap companies should weather the tariffs reasonably well,” David Lefkowitz, head of U.S. equities at UBS Global Wealth Management, told investors in a note. “In fact, we think the upcoming [second-quarter] earnings season will once again highlight the resilience of corporate profits.”

Vital Knowledge analyst Adam Crisafulli sees possibly bumpy times.

“We think there’s a dangerous amount of complacency on trade/tariffs, a view underscored by the fact markets this morning are celebrating the China ‘deal’ for a third time,” Crisafulli said in a report.

The records come days after Trump brokered a cease-fire between Israel and Iran.

Oil prices surged before the U.S. bombed three nuclear targets in Iran. West Test Intermediate crude climbed to $74.14 a barrel after being as low as $57.13 on May 13. On Friday, crude oil settled at 65.07, up 17 cents from the day before.

One year ago, it reached nearly $84.

The average price for unleaded gas in the United States is $3.207, a penny down from last week and $3.503 one year ago, according to AAA.

Investors are also pleased with good economic data.

Inflation rose 2.4% in May over one year.

The unemployment rate 4.2% and has been at this level since May 2024.

The Federal Reserve has not raised interest rates since Dec. 18. The Federal Funds Rate is 4.25% to 4.50%.

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell has described a “wait-and-see” approach to interest rate adjustments, describing the need for more data. The next meeting is July 29 and 30.

May 30 (UPI) — The Federal Reserve chair, Jerome Powell, has told President Donald Trump that monetary policy will not be influenced by politics.

Powell and Trump had a meeting Thursday as the president has been pressuring the central bank to lower interest rates.

A statement published by the Reserve following the meeting said that Powell and Trump discussed economic issues, including growth, employment and inflation.

What Powell did not discuss was his expectation for monetary policy, according to the sternly worded statement, “except to stress that the path of policy will depend entirely on incoming economic information and what that means for the outlook.”

“Chairman Powell said that he and his colleagues on the [Federal Open Market Committee] will set monetary policy, as required by law, to support maximum employment and stable prices and will make those decisions based solely on careful, objective and non-political analysis,” the statement said.

The meeting was held at Trump’s invitation, it added.

White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt confirmed during a press conference Thursday that Trump saw the statement and that it was “correct.”

“However, the president did say that he believes the Fed chair is making a mistake by not lowering interest rates, which is putting us at an economic disadvantage to China and other countries,” she said.

The announcement comes as the Trump administration has been seeking to influence Powell and the Fed to lower interest rates.

The Fed has steadily cut the interest rate from a high of 5.5% since the summer of 2024 but has maintained a lending rate of between 4.25% and 4.5% throughout the Trump administration due to uncertainty over the president’s ever-changing tariff policies.

The Fed issued its most recent hold on the interest rate earlier this month over concerns about tariff-related inflation and slower economic growth.

“Uncertainty about the economic outlook has increased further,” the Fed said in its May 7 statement.

Trump has repeatedly lashed out at the Fed and Powell.

On May 2, he took to his Truth Social platform to broadcast “THE FED SHOULD LOWER ITS RATE!!!” As a reason, he pointed to a recent drop in gas prices.

After the Fed maintained its interest rate hold about a week later, Trump called Powell “a FOOL, who doesn’t have a clue.”