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Israeli forces injure hundreds of Palestinians in raids on Tubas, West Bank | Israel-Palestine conflict News

Major Israeli offensive has also destroyed roads, water networks and private property.

Israeli forces have wounded more than 200 Palestinians in raids on the West Bank governorate of Tubas, as a major offensive on northern parts of the occupied territory that began on Wednesday continues to inflict widespread destruction.

The Palestinian Red Crescent Society (PRCS) told Al Jazeera that 78 of the people wounded in Israeli attacks on Tubas since Wednesday required treatment in hospital.

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After withdrawing from Tammun and Far’a refugee camp on Friday, Israeli soldiers have shifted the focus of raids to the city of Tubas, as well as the nearby villages of Aqqaba and Tayaseer.

Local officials said Israeli forces have detained nearly 200 Palestinians in the past four days. Most were interrogated on site and let go, but at least eight people were arrested and taken to Israeli military jails.

At least nine Palestinians were detained in other military raids in Qalqilya, Jenin and Nablus. The Wafa news agency quoted local sources as saying on Saturday that two children and a woman were among five arrested at dawn in Qalqilya.

Violent raids by Israeli soldiers and attacks by armed settlers have escalated since October 2023, with 47 army incursions taking place on average every day across the occupied West Bank in November.

The mayor of Tammun told Al Jazeera that while the town in the Tubas governorate was subject to dozens of raids in the past couple of years, the ones this week were the worst in terms of scale, destruction and violence.

He said that more than 1.5km (one mile) of roads have been torn up, water networks destroyed, private property vandalised and people severely beaten, repeating the pattern of other major Israeli military attacks across the occupied West Bank.

In the Jenin refugee camp, where Israeli soldiers have been advancing in a major offensive launched in January, Israeli bulldozers are making way for the demolition of at least 23 more Palestinian homes.

This comes several days after they issued notices claiming that the demolitions were necessary to ensure “freedom of movement” for the Israeli forces within the camp – even though the area remains largely empty as most families have been displaced.

The condemned buildings were home to 340 Palestinians. Only 47 of them, mostly women, were allowed to retrieve their belongings on Thursday.

A member of the Jenin Refugee Camp Services Committee told Al Jazeera that residents were given two hours to collect possessions, and some could not even recognise their homes due to the level of destruction after the Israeli assault.

The armed wing of Palestinian Islamic Jihad said on Friday its fighters carried out a series of attacks on Israeli soldiers during raids in Jenin and Tubas.

The group said its fighters in Tubas targeted an Israeli foot patrol with an antipersonnel explosive device in the Wadi al-Tayaseer area. Fighters detonated explosives against Israeli military vehicles in the al-Ziyoud and al-Bir areas of the town of Silat al-Harithiya in Jenin, it added.

Since October 2023, Israeli soldiers have killed at least 1,086 Palestinians across the occupied West Bank, including 223 children. At least 251 were killed in 2025.

At least 10,662 Palestinians have also been wounded since the start of Israel’s war on Gaza, with more than 20,500 rounded up. As of the beginning of November, there were 9,204 Palestinians in Israeli jails, 3,368 of whom are detained without charges.

Palestinian deaths have also surged in the custody of both the Israeli army and the Israel Prison Service, with at least 94 deaths documented since October 2023.

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Celebrate The Air Force’s Newest ‘Flying Dorito’ With This T-Shirt

It’s that time again! The holidays are upon us. Although we took a hiatus last year due to logistical and timing issues, we are back in full force with this year’s TWZ holiday tee! And to go with the theme of a very stealthy Christmas, we are also bringing back some of our most beloved designs that we made with our partners at Blipshift for rare re-issues. So if you missed them the first time, here’s your shot!

Our new offering, ‘Waritos,’ pays homage to the nickname tossed at flying-wing designs and the snack that inspired it. “Flying Doritos” or “Doritos of Death” are becoming much more common with rapid developments in stealthy platforms here at home and around the globe. So these soaring wedge-shaped treats are only going to become more of a staple in our skies. For the U.S., the king of the hill in this category is the B-21 Raider. Northrop Grumman’s creation takes what it learned after decades of B-2 Spirit development and operations, and packages it into something even farther reaching, stealthier, more connected and adaptable.

With all this in mind, and due to the fact that we hear readers call it a Dorito all the time, we let the B-21 take center stage in our design.

Still, we must caution that while the B-21 may share a common shape with America’s favorite heavily seasoned tortilla chip, don’t take a bite out of the bomber — radar absorbent coatings are notoriously toxic.

Grab your human upper body-sized bag of “Waritos” at the link below. And remember, like all our designs, they are only available for a very short window of time!

LINK TO BUY “Waritos”

And while your at it, snap up these other low-observable classics we are reissuing:

“On A Silent Night,” one of our biggest selling shirts (and our only tree ornament) ever:

LINK TO BUY “On A Silent Night”

“Stealthier Things” was also a big crowd pleaser and it’s more relevant now than on our first release as the final season of Netflix’s biggest hit just dropped.

LINK TO BUY “Stealthier Things”

Finally, maybe our best inside joke shirt ever, “Tonopah Canyons,” which celebrates the F-117’s semi-clandestine ‘active’ retirement community.

LINK TO BUY “Tonopah Canyons”

The sale of these wearable gems ends Monday (so you can get them by Christmas), then the designs go back into the TWZ apparel vault. Also be sure to check the pull down menu when selecting your shirt as hoodies and other fabric offerings are available.

And to all our readers, commenting community, friends in the industry, and military and colleagues, we wish you all a fantastic holiday and the best for you and your family.

Thank you so much for all the continued support, we literally would not be here without all of you!

Contact the author: [email protected]

Tyler’s passion is the study of military technology, strategy, and foreign policy and he has fostered a dominant voice on those topics in the defense media space. He was the creator of the hugely popular defense site Foxtrot Alpha before developing The War Zone.


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U.S., South Korean air forces’ military police strengthen ties

U.S. Air Force Brig. Gen. Brian Filler, director of Security Forces (L), speaks with Republic of Korea Air Force Col. Jongsung Woo (R), ROKAF Military Police Agency commander, during a site visit with 316th Security Forces Group at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland on Nov. 14. U.S. Air Force photo by Senior Airman Julia Lebens

Nov. 26 (UPI) — Officials with the U.S. Air Force and the Republic of Korea Air Force met this month to coordinate security efforts for the first time in 72 years.

Respective leaders of the USAF and the ROKAF military police units convened in Washington on Nov. 14 to strengthen relationships, assess security risks and explore mutual training opportunities, USAF officials announced on Tuesday.

USAF Security Forces Director Brig. Gen. Brian Filler and ROKAF Military Police Agency commander Col. Jongsun Woo also met in Washington.

“Our fruitful discussions highlighted the bond between our forces,” Filler said. “This is not merely a tactical alliance, but a vital strategic partnership forged in shared commitment, mutual respect and a common purpose.”

“By strengthening our relationship through combined training, knowledge sharing and unified strategic planning, we aim to build a robust and resilient deterrent against any potential threat to our collective security,” Filler added.

The visit included a trip to Joint Base Andrews in Maryland, where Filler and Woo met with the 316th Security Forces Group commander and others, examined counter-small unmanned aircraft systems, observed a military working dog demonstration and learned about the work done by the Ravens special-asset force that protects Air Force locations, equipment and staff.

“The site visit was an opportunity to demonstrate security forces competencies, not only our everyday battle rhythm but our warfighting capabilities as well,”316th SFG commander Col. Joseph Bincarousky said.

“It was interesting to compare and contrast our forces,” Bincarousky added. “We discussed opportunities for partnership between our air forces’ security forces.”

He said the discussion included how they could train together and learn from each other’s respective strengths and challenges.

Such discussions helped to emphasize the relationship between the USAF and the ROKAF, their commitment to collaborative defense and the continued importance of “interoperability in maintaining peace and stability,” Filler said.

“I look forward to furthering the ability of our forces to operate in a combined environment and expand training opportunities to establish a cohesive force able to withstand the uncertainties of emergent threats in the Indo-Pacific,” Filler added.

President Donald Trump shakes hands with the President of South Korea Lee Jae Myung during a meeting inside the Oval Office of the White House in Washington on Monday. Photo by Al Drago/UPI | License Photo

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Dominican Republic decriminalizes homosexuality in armed forces

The Dominican Republic Constructional Court ruling ruling invalidates two articles in the justice codes that imposed criminal penalties, including prison time, on service members who engaged in same-sex relationships. File Photo by Luis Rosario/EPA

Nov. 21 (UPI) — The Dominican Republic’s Constitutional Court struck down legal provisions that criminalized same-sex relationships within the National Police and the Armed Forces.

The ruling invalidates two articles in the justice codes of both institutions that imposed criminal penalties, including prison time, on service members who engaged in same-sex relationships.

The regulations, in place since the mid-20th century, imposed penalties of up to one year in prison for officers and six months for enlisted personnel under the stated aim of “maintaining discipline and institutional morality.”

However, the high court found that the provisions violated fundamental rights, including privacy, equality before the law and the free development of one’s personality.

The decision responds to a direct constitutional challenge filed by Dominican attorneys Anderson Dirocie de León and Patricia Santana. According to the attorneys, the disciplinary codes of the National Police and the Armed Forces violated fundamental rights recognized in the Dominican Constitution and in human rights treaties the country has ratified.

The measure adopted by the Constitutional Court has prompted mixed reactions in the country.

Cristian Gonzales Cabrera, a senior researcher at Human Rights Watch, said “for decades, these provisions forced LGBT officers to live in fear of punishment simply for who they are.”

“This ruling is a resounding affirmation that a more inclusive future is both possible and required under Dominican law,” Gonzales said.

Conservative groups in the country, especially those linked to evangelical churches, described the measure as an affront to moral values.

“This ruling is a direct blow to the moral, ethical and spiritual principles that have sustained our nation since its founding. This decision by the Constitutional Court is unconstitutional because it disregards the spirit, value framework and guiding principles established in the Constitution.”

The Dominican Bar Association called the ruling “unfortunate and unnecessary.”

In comments reported by Diario Libre, the association’s president, Trajano Potentini, said the Constitutional Court applied a constitutional test that does not apply to an area that, by its nature, relies on a work ethic, discipline and special subordination inherent to military and police institutions.

In the Dominican Republic, same-sex marriage remains illegal and high levels of stigma toward LGBTQ+ people persist.

With this ruling, the country joins Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela in eliminating similar discriminatory laws and policies that criminalized same-sex conduct among military personnel.

However, activists warn that although the ruling is historic, it does not by itself guarantee a cultural shift within the armed forces.

The judgment, which still must be implemented, marks a milestone in Dominican jurisprudence and could set a precedent for future reforms in other areas of public service.

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Indonesian eruption forces evacuation, threatens air traffic

Mount Semeru spews volcanic materials during an eruption in Lumajang, East Java, Indonesia, on Wednesday, causing local officials to raise the volcano’s alert status to the highest level. Photo by EPA/National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure

Nov. 19 (UPI) — Indonesia’s Mount Semeru sent volcanic ash columns 6,500 feet high after erupting Wednesday afternoon, posing a danger to regional air traffic and forcing more than 300 to evacuate.

The eruption occurred at 4 p.m. local time on East Java’s tallest peak at 12,060 feet and triggered a red aviation alert by Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology’s Volcanic Ash Advisory Center in Darwin.

The alert indicates a threat to aviation, and officials at Qantas and Jetstar Airways said they are monitoring the situation but so far have not changed any flights.

The airlines will contact any customers who might be affected if the situation changes.

Virgin Australia also has not cancelled any scheduled flights.

Officials in Indonesia increased Mount Semeru to a Level 4 for volcanic activity, which is the highest warning level and indicates an eruption that is in progress, Fox Weather reported.

The volcano is capable of ejecting pyroclastic rocks as far as 5 miles from its peak, and local officials are prohibiting people from coming within 12 miles of the volcano due to the dangers posed by potential lava flows and clouds of hot ash.

Indonesia has 101 volcanoes and frequently experiences eruptions, according to the Smithsonian Institution Museum of Natural History Global Volcanism Program.

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Syria detains members of security forces over Suwayda violence | Syria’s War News

Chief investigator declines to say how many arrested; some were identified by videos on social media.

Syria has arrested members of the country’s security and military services as part of a probe into sectarian violence in the southern province of Suwayda earlier this year that left hundreds dead.

Judge Hatem Naasan, head of a committee investigating the eruption of violence in Suwayda in July, said that members of security services and the military “who were proven to have committed violations” based on findings and videos posted online had been detained.

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“Videos posted on social media clearly showed faces, and they were detained by the authorities concerned,” Naasan said, adding that security personnel were detained by the Interior Ministry while members of the military are being held by the Defence Ministry.

Videos that surfaced online had shown armed men killing Druze civilians kneeling in public squares and shaving the moustaches off elderly men in an act of humiliation.

Naasan did not specify how many arrests were made. Nor did he announce a death toll, saying this would come in the final report that is expected by the end of the year.

He acknowledged that “some foreign fighters randomly and individually entered the city of Suwayda”, saying that some had been detained and questioned. He stated that none of them were members of the Syrian armed or security forces.

Fighting broke out in the Druze-majority province after a Druze truck driver was abducted on a public highway, drawing in Bedouin tribal fighters from other parts of the country.

Government forces were deployed to restore order, but were accused of siding with the Bedouins. Hundreds of civilians, mostly Druze, were killed, many by government fighters.

A ceasefire was established after a week of violence.

Claiming that it was protecting the Druze, Israel also intervened, launching dozens of air attacks on government forces in Suwayda and even striking the Syrian Ministry of Defence headquarters in the centre of the capital Damascus.

Israel has carried out hundreds of air strikes around the country since the end of the 54-year al-Assad dynasty in December, mainly targeting, it says, assets of the Syrian army, but also carrying out incursions.

After the acts of violence in July, many in Suwayda now want some form of autonomy in a federal system. A smaller group is calling for total partition.

President Ahmed al-Sharaa has been painstakingly trying to usher Syria back into the international fold, with notable successes. In September, he was the first Syrian leader to address the United Nations General Assembly in six decades, and he was invited to the White House on Monday for a second meeting with United States President Donald Trump.

Al-Sharaa, who wants to unify his war-ravaged nation and end its decades of international isolation, was the first-ever Syrian leader to visit the White House since the country’s independence in 1946.

Both the US and European Union have dropped sanctions against Syria, and major Gulf Arab investment is giving the war-devastated nation a critical economic lifeline.

But al-Sharaa’s quest for national unity after a 14-year ruinous civil war still faces major internal and external challenges ahead.

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Venezuela prepares ‘massive deployment’ of forces in case of US attack | Nicolas Maduro News

Arrival of US aircraft carrier off Latin America fuels speculation that US could try to overthrow Venezuelan government.

The Venezuelan government has said it is preparing its armed forces in the event of an invasion or military attack by the United States.

A statement shared by Minister of People’s Power for Defence Vladimir Padrino on Tuesday said that the preparations include the “massive deployment of ground, aerial, naval, riverine and missile forces”, as well as the participation of police, militias and citizens’ units.

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The announcement comes as the arrival of a US aircraft carrier in the region fuels speculation of possible military action aimed at collapsing the government of Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, a longtime US rival.

Tensions between the two countries have escalated since the return of US President Donald Trump for a second term in January.

On Tuesday, the Pentagon confirmed that the Gerald R Ford Carrier Strike Group — which includes the world’s largest aircraft carrier — had arrived in the Caribbean Sea, bearing at least 4,000 sailors as well as “tactical aircraft”.

In recent weeks, the US government has also surged troops to areas near the Caribbean, including Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Panama and Trinidad and Tobago, for training exercises and other operations.

The Trump administration has framed such deployments as necessary “to disrupt illicit drug trafficking and protect the homeland”. Trump officials have also accused Maduro of masterminding the activities of Tren de Aragua, a Venezuelan gang with a relatively modest presence in the US.

But Maduro and his allies have accused the US of “imperialistic” aims.

 

Questions remain, however, about whether Venezuela is equipped to fend off any US military advances.

Experts say the Maduro government has sought to project an image of military preparedness in the face of a large buildup of US forces in the Caribbean, but it could face difficulties from a lack of personnel and up-to-date equipment.

While the government has used possible US intervention to rally support, Maduro is also struggling with widespread discontent at home and growing diplomatic isolation following a contested election in 2024, marred by allegations of widespread fraud and a crackdown on protesters.

The military buildup in the Caribbean region began after the start of a series of US military strikes on September 2.

The US has carried out at least 19 air strikes against alleged drug-trafficking vessels in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific Ocean, killing approximately 75 people.

Trump has suggested that land strikes “are going to be next”. But when asked in late October whether he was considering attacks within Venezuela, Trump replied, “No”.

Legal experts say that a military attack on Venezuela would likely violate international law, and recent polling from the research firm YouGov suggests that about 47 percent of people in the US would oppose land attacks on Venezuelan territory. About 19 percent, meanwhile, say they would support such attacks.

While Venezuela’s armed forces have expressed support for Maduro and said they would resist a US attack, the Reuters news agency has reported that the government has struggled to provide members of the armed forces with adequate food and supplies.

The use of additional paramilitary and police forces could represent an effort to plug the holes in Venezuela’s lacklustre military capacity. Reuters reported that a government memo includes plans for small units at about 280 locations, where they could use sabotage and guerrilla tactics for “prolonged resistance” against any potential US incursion.

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Congolese Forces Accuse M23 of Frustrating Ongoing Peace Accords

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)’s armed forces have accused the M23/AFC rebels of undermining recent peace efforts, warning that renewed clashes threaten to derail fragile negotiations underway in Doha, Qatar, claiming it has taken the necessary steps to respond to these provocations. 

The M23 movement, largely composed of Congolese Tutsis, re-emerged in 2021 after years of inactivity, arguing they defend their communities against ethnic persecution. Kinshasa, however, accuses them of being backed by Rwanda — an allegation Kigali denies.

The Doha process, led by Qatar, focuses on securing a lasting ceasefire and prisoner exchanges between the Congolese government and the M23/AFC.

Sylvain Ekenge, the spokesperson for the DRC army, condemned serious violations of commitments made during the ongoing peace processes.

“Several positions of the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo were the targets of this coalition of terrorists in South Kivu. It is notably positioned in Bulambula and Kibanda Mangobo on the Walungu-Shabunda highway, the bridge over the Mudugwe River on the Walungu-Mwenga highway, as well as Tuwetuwe, which was attacked by the Twirwaneho militia on the Fizi-Minembwe highway,” Ekenge declared.

“In North Kivu, the attacks are concentrated in Kasopo and Kajinga within the Nyamaboko 1, Osso-Banyungu sector in Masisi territory, not forgetting the attempt to occupy Mount Irimwi towards Bunyatenge, in Lubero territory.”

Several media reports say that renewed clashes have displaced hundreds of civilians in Masisi and Walungu territories, with aid groups warning of worsening humanitarian conditions. More than seven million people have been displaced across eastern DRC due to persistent fighting, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 

The army spokesperson stated that both the international community and American and Qatari negotiators have witnessed these events. 

While expressing its commitment to the peace process, the armed forces emphasised that they are fully prepared to combat the rebels, who are clearly unwilling to adhere to the terms of the peace accords they voluntarily signed.

The Congolese army made these claims in a statement released during the fourth meeting of the mixed committee responsible for monitoring the Washington Accord. The committee acknowledged the slow pace of progress so far and urged the parties involved to intensify their efforts to effectively implement the peace accord.

The M23/AFC has not yet responded to the latest accusations. However, the group has previously denied violating ceasefire terms, blaming government forces for renewed clashes.

During the recent deal, the participants agreed on several short-term actions, particularly the neutralisation of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda and its allies, the acceleration of the disengagement of forces, and the gradual lifting of defensive measures by Rwanda. They reviewed the preparations for joint operations in a specified area of interest and agreed on an implementation plan. 

They also acknowledged the efforts made by both parties to turn their commitments into concrete actions on the ground. The parties reiterated their commitment to refrain from any hostile actions or rhetoric, including in international forums, to maintain the peace dynamic established by the Washington Accord.

Qatar, acting as a mediator, provided an update on the status of negotiations currently underway in Doha between the DRC and the M23/AFC. The report showed significant progress in certain areas, particularly in the exchange of prisoners and the establishment of mechanisms to monitor the ceasefire, which was initially agreed upon on November 5, 2025.

The committee appreciated the progress made and reaffirmed its support for the Doha process, which is considered the essential pillar for implementing the Washington Accord and the progressive return of peace in the eastern DRC.

The Democratic Republic of Congo’s (DRC) army accuses the M23/AFC rebels of disrupting peace efforts, with clashes endangering ongoing negotiations in Doha, Qatar.

The M23, composed mainly of Congolese Tutsis, claims to protect their community, but faces allegations of receiving Rwandan support, which Rwanda denies. The Doha-led talks aim for a ceasefire and prisoner exchanges.

DRC army spokesperson Sylvain Ekenge highlighted violations by rebels, with attacks in regions like South Kivu and Masisi, displacing civilians and worsening humanitarian conditions. Despite progress in negotiations, the rebels are seen as unwilling to honor agreements, with the DRC army prepared for conflicts. Recent talks resulted in agreements on actions like neutralizing the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda and disengaging forces, with efforts ongoing to maintain peace.

Qatar continues to mediate, indicating progress in prisoner exchanges and ceasefire monitoring, pivotal to the Doha process for peace in eastern DRC.

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Special voting for forces and displaced in Iraq parliamentary polls begins | Elections News

Nearly 1.3 million members of the security forces and more than 26,500 internally displaced people are eligible to vote ahead of Tuesday’s polls.

Members of Iraq’s security forces and its internally displaced population have begun casting their ballots in the parliamentary elections – the sixth since a United States-led invasion toppled longtime ruler Saddam Hussein in 2003.

Polls opened at 7am (04:00 GMT) on Sunday for 1.3 million members of the security forces at 809 polling centres and will close at 6pm (15:00 GMT) before they are deployed for security purposes on the election day on Tuesday.

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More than 26,500 internally displaced people are also eligible for early voting on Sunday across 97 polling stations at 27 places in Iraq, the Iraqi News Agency (INA) said.

Interior Minister Abdul Amir al-Shammari told INA that the special voting process is advancing “smoothly and in an organised manner”.

Nearly 21 million Iraqis are eligible to vote on Tuesday across 4,501 polling stations nationwide, the INA said.

More than 7,750 candidates, nearly a third of them women, are running for the 329-seat parliament. Under the law, 25 percent of the seats are reserved for women, while nine are allocated for religious minorities.

The current parliament began its term on January 9, 2022, and will last four years, ending on January 8, 2026.

An old electoral law, revived in 2023, will apply to the ongoing elections, with many seeing it as favouring larger parties. While about 70 independents won in the 2021 vote, only 75 independents are contesting this year.

Observers also fear that turnout might dip below the record low of 41 percent in 2021, reflecting voters’ apathy and scepticism in a country marked by entrenched leadership and allegations of mismanagement and endemic corruption.

There were widespread accusations of corruption and vote-buying before the elections, and 848 candidates were disqualified by election officials, sometimes for obscure reasons, including insulting religious rituals or members of the armed forces.

Past elections in Iraq have been marred by violence, including assassinations of candidates, attacks on polling stations, and clashes between the supporters of different blocs. While overall levels of violence have subsided, a candidate was assassinated in the run-up to this year’s election.

Influential Shia leader Moqtada Sadr urged his followers to boycott what he described as a “flawed election”.

Al-Sadr’s bloc won the largest number of seats in 2021, but later withdrew after failed negotiations over forming the government amid a standoff with rival Shia parties. He has since boycotted the political system.

Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, elected in 2022 with the backing of pro-Iran parties, is seeking a second term and is expected to secure a sizeable bloc.

Among the other frontrunners are influential Shia figures, including former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and Muslim scholar Ammar al-Hakim.

By convention in post-invasion Iraq, a Shia Muslim holds the powerful post of the prime minister and a Sunni of the parliament’s speaker, while the largely ceremonial presidency goes to a Kurd.

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Latin America’s Fintech Boom Forces Banks to Evolve

Major Latin American banks are racing toward 100% digital models. Despite the rise of fintechs, traditional banks are determined not to be left behind.

Digital transformation is no longer a buzzword in Latin America; it is an existential imperative.

Digital natives like Brazilian neobank Nubank, Argentine fintech Ualá, and regional payments platform Mercado Pago are scaling into super-app ecosystems while giants like Santander and BBVA push forward with their own digital units. The next several years may determine whether traditional banks can reinvent themselves fast enough to remain competitive, or whether the fintech wave will carry Latin America into a new era of finance.

The number of fintechs operating in the region surged from 703 in 2017 to over 3,000 in 2023: a staggering 400% increase, according to a joint study by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and Finnovista. The explosion of financial startups has upended traditional banking, and is pressuring established institutions to reinvent themselves or risk obsolescence.

Giorgio Trettenero Castro, secretary general of the Federación Latinoamericana de Bancos (FELABAN)

Data from Accenture underscores the challenge: Digital-only banking players have grown revenue by 76% compared to 44% for traditional banks replicating legacy models online. This suggests that simply bolting digital interfaces onto outdated systems yields diminishing returns. Instead, agility and modularity are the new competitive currency.

The rise of digital-only players, the acceleration of instant payment systems like Brazil’s PIX, and the rapid adoption of super-app models are converging to redraw the competitive map. Traditional banks are racing to shed legacy systems and cultural inertia while fintechs expand aggressively into core banking territory.

Constraining the race toward 100% digital banking is a lack of up-to-date basic infrastructure, warns Giorgio Trettenero Castro, secretary general of the Federación Latinoamericana de Bancos (FELABAN).

“Financial services demand that the general public have access to quality, competitively priced internet,” he says. “That is not entirely the case in Latin America, where rural areas face a deeper divide; only 39% of rural populations have internet access. Moreover, Latin America has just 4.8% of the world’s data centers, with Brazil in the lead. This shortage hampers competitiveness and raises costs.”

These structural weaknesses coexist with distinct opportunities. About 57% of fintechs target the region’s unbanked population, according to the IDB and Finnovista report. Currently, around 20% of Latin American adults are not financially included, according to a 2024 study by Mastercard and Payments and Commerce Market Intelligence: a substantial population waiting to be tapped.

Newcomers Reshape The Financial Arena

Traditional banks and fintechs increasingly resemble each other when it comes to their processes.

“In the past, a customer had to bring a pile of documents and meet with a bank manager to open an account and wait several days. Now, everything can be done in minutes on a smartphone: an innovation pioneered by Nubank 12 years ago,” observes José Leoni, managing director at Moneymind Partners, a São Paulo-based financing advisory firm. “Back in the 1980s, the main customer retention tool was automatic debit, clearly a tech innovation for the time. Today, every bank has similar offerings. What makes a bank attractive now are costs, a unified platform for all products, and customer experience.”

Banco do Brasil has put significant effort into customer experience, but despite a technology investment that reached $554 million last year, it still maintains legacy systems.

“Now we have 30% of our applications in cloud computing, so we operate on a hybrid system that has worked well so far,” says Bárbara Lopes, head of Customer Experience for digital and physical channels Banco do Brasil.

Bárbara Lopes, head of Customer Experience for digital and physical channels Banco do Brasil

While part of its infrastructure remains on-premises, Banco do Brasil considers itself 100% digital, as 94% of clients using its app carry out their transactions through digital channels. Of its 86 million total clients, 31 million are active digital users, a number that continues to grow yearly.

“Our goal is to provide a good, customized experience with AI to serve all our different audiences,” Lopes says: “young people, vulnerable populations, agribusiness workers, and entrepreneurs.” Competition is massive, she notes, and personalizing customer experience is one of the most important strategies for retaining clients.

Banco de Inversiones de Chile (BCI) has adopted a similar strategy, stressing investment in technology as critical to keeping up with trends and delivering a better customer experience.

“Innovation and data management are fundamental pillars of BCI’s growth strategy,” says Claudia Ramos, manager of Innovation and Data Analytics. “That’s why, in recent years, we invested $100 million in our app, which delivered benefits representing nearly 20% of our EBITDA. Today, all our customers use digital channels.”

BCI’s road to digitalization began in 2015; two years later, it launched Machbank, a fully digital neobank offering investment solutions to improve customer experience and broaden inclusion. Machbank now has 4.2 million clients, with a youthful, userfriendly profile, out of a total of almost 6 million at BCI. The bank continues to offer a strong digital value proposition across its 183-branch network, where all customers now use digital solutions.

The latest trends point to interactions driven by massive use of technology, Ramos argues: “Simplicity, transparency, and more objective experiences are the best proposals for financial inclusion. Our next step is to further leverage AI to enhance user experience.”

Challenges Ahead

For incumbents, the challenge is often less technological than cultural; resistance within teams and reluctance to change entrenched routines often slow progress. At BTG Pactual, Marcelo Flora, managing partner and head of Digital Platforms, says he struggled for years to convince his colleagues to embrace digital transformation.

Following the example of Goldman Sachs, BTG Pactual built its reputation on asset management, wealth management, and investment banking, generating comfortable profits of R$4 billion per year ($736 million) in 2014.

“We were victims of our own success,” says Flora: why change a model that was working so well?

Once fintechs emerged and incumbents started to lag, however, BTG Pactual prepared itself for the next wave. The results were striking; profits quadrupled in 10 years, from $736 million to $2.9 billion.

“Now we have the speed of a fintech and the credibility of an incumbent,” Flora says.

Most banks established before the rise of digital players have faced similar hurdles.

“The main challenge is usually not technological, but cultural and organizational,” agrees Andrés Fontão, CEO of Finnosummit, organizer of the annual Latin American fintech conference. “Many institutions carry inherited structures and processes, and if senior management is not fully aligned with the digitalization mission or able to transmit that vision downward, change stalls.”

Digital banking lowers the barriers that traditional models raise: fewer documents, no need to visit a branch, simpler interfaces. This opens doors for previously excluded populations.

“In Mexico, only about 55% of adults had an account in 2023,” notes Fontão. “Other reports indicate just 49% are banked, leaving about 66 million people without access. But between 2017 and 2021, Latin America saw the largest increase in financial inclusion globally—19%—thanks to innovations such as digital payments, online commerce, and digital subsidy distribution.”

That does not mean branch banking is going the way of the dodo.

“Although neobanks are cheaper to operate because they don’t maintain physical branches and promote digital inclusion, in Latin America, the belief in bank branches remains strong,” says Francisco Orozco, professor at the Center for Financial Access, Inclusion and Research of the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. “Reputation is essential, and even though young people are digital natives, there is a kind of inherited financial habit. Most people still want to use cash and visit branches.”

Leveraging this predilection, Nu Mexico signed an agreement with the OXXO convenience store chain in January to expand its cash deposit and withdrawal network.

“This is a way to promote digital inclusion,” says Orozco.

Beyond Branches And Borders

Latin America’s transformation could point the way for other developing regions. It combines massive unmet demand, agile fintech innovation, and regulatory experimentation. If incumbents can overcome cultural inertia and infrastructure gaps, they may leapfrog into a model of fully digital, inclusive, and interoperable banking.

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