trial

Swedish workers trial ‘friendship hour’ to combat loneliness

Maddy SavageBusiness reporter, Kalmar, Sweden

BBC Pharmacy worker Yasmine LindbergBBC

Pharmacy worker Yasmine Lindberg admits that she had been struggling with loneliness

Staff at a major Swedish pharmacy chain are being given paid time off to spend with friends, as Sweden’s government calls on businesses to help play a role in tackling loneliness.

Yasmine Lindberg, 45, is one of 11 participants taking part in the pilot “friendcare” scheme for the pharmacy group Apotek Hjärtat.

She works shifts at the company’s outlet at a retail park in Kalmar, a small seaside city in southern Sweden.

“I’m really tired when I go home. I don’t have time or energy to meet my friends,” she explains, before restocking a shelf of paracetamol.

Yasmine spends a lot of her free time with her teenage children who live with her every other week. But she admits feeling “quite lonely” since separating from her partner four years ago, which led to fewer social invitations with couples in their network.

Now, thanks to the Apotek Hjärtat pilot scheme, which started in April, she’s granted 15 minutes a week, or an hour a month during working hours to focus on strengthening her friendships or making new connections.

She can use this allotted friendcare time to chat on the phone, make plans over text, or meet up with someone in person.

“I wanted to make it better for myself… like, kick myself in the back to do stuff,” says Yasmine.

“I feel happier. You can’t live through the internet like most people do these days.”

Like all participants in the pilot project, she has been given 1,000 kronor ($100; £80) by Apotek Hjärtat to help pay for friendship-based activities during the year-long trial.

The volunteers have also received online training in how to recognise and tackle loneliness, which the pharmacy chain has made available for all its 4,000 employees across Sweden.

Monica Magnusson, Apotek Hjärtat’s CEO, says the inspiration for the company’s friendcare project comes partly from a previous collaboration with the mental health charity Mind. She says that helped demonstrate how short meaningful conversations between pharmacists and customers could help the latter group feel less isolated.

The company wanted to test if providing a short amount of ring-fenced friendship time for its employees could also impact their wellbeing.

Volunteers could also sign up if they weren’t lonely, but wanted to spend more time with isolated people in their network.

“We try and see what the effects are from having the opportunity to spend a bit of time every week on safeguarding your relationships,” explains Ms Magnusson.

The project’s title, friendcare or “vänvård” in Swedish is also a wordplay on “friskvård”, a benefit already offered by many Swedish businesses, who give employees a tax-free annual wellness allowance to spend on fitness activities or massages. Some Swedish companies also offer staff a weekly wellness hour called “friskvårdstimme”.

“This is a reflection on that, but targeting loneliness and relationships instead,” explains Ms Magnusson.

Monica Magnusson, boss of Swedish pharmacy chain Apotek Hjärtat, smiles at the camera

Monica Magnusson says it seems the scheme is having a positive impact on participants

Apotek Hjärtat’s project comes as Sweden’s right-wing coalition government is putting the spotlight on loneliness. In July, Sweden’s Public Health Agency released Sweden’s first national strategy aimed at minimising loneliness, commissioned by the government.

A core part of the strategy is increased collaboration between the business community, municipalities, researchers and civil society. Health Minister Jakob Forssmed has described loneliness as major public health concern, citing global research linking the problem to an increased risk of illnesses including coronary heart disease and strokes, and a greater likelihood of early mortality.

Businesses should be worried about it, he suggests, since their employees and customers are at risk, and public finances are impacted by healthcare and sick leave costs linked to loneliness.

“We need to… have a greater awareness about this, that this is something that really affects health, and affects [the] economy as well,” says Forssmed.

A national loneliness epidemic? Research for the EU suggests around 14% of Sweden’s population report feeling lonely some or all of the time, slightly higher than the EU average.

A separate study for the state’s number-crunching agency Statistics Sweden in 2024 found that 8% of adults in Sweden don’t have a single close friend.

Daniel Ek, a Swedish psychologist and co-author of The Power of Friendship, a handbook on how to develop deeper relationships, argues that in Sweden the country’s cold, dark winters can discourage people from socialising, alongside cultural factors.

“The Swedish mentality is like – you shouldn’t disturb others. We value personal space a lot, and we have a hard time breaking the ice,” he says. Sweden’s housing may also play a role, Ek suggests.

More than 40% of homes are occupied by just one person, and a July’s report by Sweden’s Public Health Agency indicated there are higher levels of loneliness amongst this group.

Yasmine Lindberg spending a friendship hour with her friend Helena Jansson

Yasmine Lindberg has been given a bit more time to connect with friends

At Apotek Hjärtat’s headquarters in Stockholm, Ms Magnusson says it is too soon to decide whether the friendcare project is rolled out more widely, but the results of self-assessment surveys so far indicate higher levels of life satisfaction amongst participants on the friendcare scheme, compared to before it started.

Forssmed, the Health Minister, is monitoring the pharmacy chain’s efforts.

“I think this is very interesting and I’m following what they’re doing,” he says. “[But] I’m not going to give you any promises that the government is going to scale this up or give a tax deduction or something like that.”

Apotek Hjärtat is also part of a business network called ‘Together against involuntary loneliness’, initiated by Forssmed in 2023.

It includes around 20 major Nordic brands, such as Ikea, Strawberry, a hospitality chain, and HSB, Sweden’s biggest federation of cooperative housing, who meet to share their experiences and strategies for tackling loneliness.

Ms Magnusson says there has already been “a lot of interest” in the friendcare project from the other businesses in the network. Representatives from the other firms have even participated in the pharmacy chain’s online loneliness training.

“It’s quite a different approach to working together,” says Ms Magnusson, “collaborating as companies in an area where you just let competition go, and instead try and figure out ‘how can we tackle this common obstacle that we have?’.”

AFP via Getty Images Swedish Health Minister Jakob ForssmedAFP via Getty Images

Swedish Health Minister Jakob Forssmed says he is keeping a close eye on the scheme

Earlier this month, a separate project launched in Piteå in northern Sweden, with 20 businesses offering wellness grants for employees to attend group cultural experiences, such as concerts and plays, in an effort to boost wellbeing and improve social inclusion.

Mr Ek, the psychologist, agrees these sorts of initiatives can have a positive impact in helping “lower the threshold” to increased social interaction, which in turn, can pave the way for deeper friendships and reduced levels of loneliness.

But he is calling for more research and reflection on some of the potential structural issues that may also be impacting loneliness in the Nordic nation.

“What is happening in society that makes us have to have those lower thresholds for meeting and connecting? I think that’s an important thing to look at,” he says. Mr Ek points to Sweden’s high unemployment rate (8.7%), rising income inequality, and young Swedes spending more time on digital devices than the average across the 27-member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

“Income differences matter. Availability to events and places matter. How we build cities matters,” says Mr Ek. “So those structures are important to look at to work out the plan for the future.”

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Worker at France’s Elysee Palace to face trial over alleged theft | Crime News

Three people arrested in connection with suspected theft of items worth between 15,000 and 40,000 euros.

France’s presidential silverware keeper and two other men are set to stand trial over the alleged theft of porcelain and other tableware worth thousands of euros, the Paris prosecution office has said.

Prosecutors said the silverware keeper Thomas M and ‍his partner Damien G were arrested on suspicion of theft on Tuesday. Another man, Ghislain M, was arrested on suspicion of receiving stolen goods. Their full names were not given due ‍to French ⁠privacy customs.

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The Elysee, the president’s official residence, had reported the disappearance of silverware and tableware pieces used for state dinners and other events, with the ⁠value of the missing items estimated between 15,000 and 40,000 euros ($17,500 and $46,800), the ​prosecution office said.

Interviews with presidential staff pointed suspicions at Thomas M, whose suspected downward inventory adjustments appeared to anticipate future thefts, prosecutors said.

They said about 100 objects were discovered in Thomas M’s personal locker, his vehicle and home, including copper pots, Sevres porcelain and Baccarat champagne glasses.

Investigators found an air force-stamped ​plate and ashtrays that Thomas M was selling on the online marketplace Vinted, prosecutors said, items that are not available to the general public. ‌

The three suspects appeared in court Thursday on charges of jointly stealing moveable property listed as part of the national heritage – an offence punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a 150,000-euro ($175,000) fine, as well as aggravated handling of stolen goods.

The trial was postponed to February 26. The defendants were placed under judicial supervision, banned from contacting one another, prohibited from appearing at auction venues and barred from their professional activities.

French paper Le Parisien, which first reported the case, said Ghislain M worked as a guard at the Louvre museum, citing his lawyer as ‌saying that his client’s motivation for his suspected involvement was his “passion” for rare antique goods.

In October, the museum experienced its own robbery when thieves disguised as construction workers ‌stole priceless pieces from France’s crown jewels, prompting a debate about security standards at the country’s landmarks.

The Sevres porcelain factory, one of the Elysee’s main suppliers, identified a ‍number of items on auction websites, prosecutors said, adding that some items had been returned.

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Hannah Dugan trial: Judges testify there was no court policy on ICE arrests

Dec. 18 (UPI) — Closing arguments began Thursday in the trial for Judge Hannah Dugan after the court heard testimony from fellow Milwaukee County judicial officials about a lack of court policy on immigration arrests in public areas.

The testimony came on Day 4 of Dugan’s trial. She pleaded not guilty earlier this year to federal charges including one count of obstructing an official proceeding and concealing a person from arrest, and another of concealing an individual to prevent his discovery and arrest.

The case stems from an incident on April 18, when Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials came to her courtroom and notified her they planned to arrest undocumented immigrant Eduardo Flores-Ruiz. They said she sent the agents to the chief judge’s office before going back to her courtroom, pushing Flores-Ruiz’s case to the front of her docket, then helped him and his lawyer leave from a private jury door.

The ICE agents ultimately found and arrested Flores-Ruiz outside the courthouse.

The defense called two fellow circuit court judges — Katie Kegel and Laura Gramling Perez — to the stand on Thursday to ask them about an email chain also involving Dugan. The email was about the courthouse and county policy on federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement arrests on courthouse grounds.

Kegel said she sent the email after people were “snatched up out of my gallery while waiting for their hearing” and wanted to know about any policies on “detentions of any sort from inside the courtroom.” She said she saw someone who wasn’t in law enforcement clothing — whom she was later told belonged to a federal task force unrelated to immigration — carrying out activity in the gallery of her courtroom.

Grayling Perez said Chief Judge Carl Ashley had scheduled online training via Zoom about ICE activity in the courthouse and that Dugan had had trouble registering for the training session. Gramling Perez said the training indicated that ICE can conduct enforcement actions in public areas of the courthouse with certain “statutory and policy limitations.” She suggested the court develop a policy for such incidents, including a requirement that federal agents consult with the chief judge beforehand.

Gramling Perez said she had concerns about ICE operating in the courthouse, as did Dugan, USA Today reported.

“We are in some uncharted waters with some very serious and even potentially tragic community interests at risk in the balance,” Dugan wrote in an email as testified by Gramling Perez.

Defense attorneys also called former Milwaukee Mayor Tom Barrett to testify to Dugan’s character, describing her as “extremely honest” and someone who “will tell you how she feels. Barrett said he’s known Dugan for more than 50 years and that they went to high school together.

The defense rested its cause after hearing from Barrett and closing arguments were underway.

President Donald Trump delivers an address to the nation from the Diplomatic Room of the White House on Wednesday. Trump touted what he described as successes achieved by his administration during his first year back in office, while bashing his predecessor, former President Joe Biden, and the Democrats. Pool Photo by Doug Mills/UPI | License Photo

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Ex-President Yoon apologizes to commanders during trial over martial law bid

Former President Yoon Suk Yeol appears at a military court in central Seoul on Thursday. (Photo by Yonhap)

Ousted former President Yoon Suk Yeol on Thursday apologized to key military commanders who are standing trial for their involvement in his failed martial law bid, defending their action as the result of compliance with his orders.

Yoon made the remarks at a martial law trial against the commanders at the military court in central Seoul, which he attended as a witness. Defendants included Kwak Jong-keun, former chief of the Army Special Warfare Command; Yeo In-hyung, former head of the Defense Counterintelligence Command; and Lee Jin-woo, former head of the Capital Defense Command.

“It is pitiful to see senior military and police officials whom I know appear at the court,” Yoon said.

“I feel very sorry as they are people who did what they have to do upon my decision,” he said, adding he prayed late into the night after returning to the detention center following trials.

During Thursday’s trial, Yoon reiterated that he had no intention of maintaining martial law for an extended period and that the declaration was aimed only at exposing the “blatant” behavior of the then main opposition party.

“The martial law was imposed to raise an alarm bell to the public on the country’s perilous situation,” the former president said. “I was thinking that it would last half a day, or a day at the most.”

Yoon said he did not instruct any official, other than former Defense Minister Kim Yong-hyun, to review or prepare for the imposition of martial law.

The then opposition party’s drive to impeach the state auditor chief on the night before the martial law imposition became the “decisive trigger” for him to instruct for preparations for martial law, he claimed.

Speaking on a recent reshuffle of officials dispatched to the Defense Counterintelligence Command, Yoon said institutions pivotal to national security should not be neutralized due to their involvement in the martial law bid.

Yoon’s appearance at the military court, located within the defense ministry compound that also houses the presidential office, marked his first visit to his former office compound in about a year. It also came on his 65th birthday.

Copyright (c) Yonhap News Agency prohibits its content from being redistributed or reprinted without consent, and forbids the content from being learned and used by artificial intelligence systems.

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Two protesters awaiting trial end hunger strike

Two remand prisoners waiting to go on trial for alleged offences relating to Palestine Action have ended a hunger strike protest – but five more are said to be continuing to refuse food.

The detainees, in various prisons, have made a series of demands including calling for the ban on Palestine Action to be lifted and for a defence firm with links to Israel to be shut down.

The two longest-protesting detainees have been refusing food for 45 days according to supporters – a claim that has not been disputed by officials.

Three people were arrested following a protest outside HMP Bronzefield in Ashford, Surrey, in support of one of the prisoners.

Speaking at Prime Minister’s Questions on Wednesday, Sir Keir Starmer said “rules and procedures” were being followed in relation to the hunger strike.

Lawyers for the group have repeatedly written to Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary David Lammy asking for a meeting, saying there is a “real and increasingly likely potential” that their clients would die as a result of their protest.

Fifty-one MPs and peers have also written to Lammy asking him to meet the lawyers.

The protests, which began in November, involve people who have all been charged with offences relating to alleged break-ins or criminal damage on behalf of Palestine Action, charges that are denied.

The alleged incidents all occurred before Palestine Action was banned under terrorism legislation – but their trials are not taking place before next year.

Supporters of the detainees confirmed to BBC News on Wednesday that Jon Cink and Umer Khalid had both ended their hunger strike after 41 days and 13 days respectively.

Qesser Zuhrah and Amy Gardiner-Gibson are said to have each been refusing food for 45 days. Heba Muraisi began her protest a day later. Teuta Hoxha is said to have refused for 38 days and Kamran Ahmed 37 days.

An eighth prisoner is described by supporters as intermittently joining the protest but then breaking it because of an underlying health condition.

Some of the group have had periods in hospital but in each case they have been discharged or have self-discharged.

Your Party MP Zarah Sultana has protested outside HMP Bronzefield, demanding urgent medical care for Qesser Zuhrah, who is on remand there.

On Wednesday, an ambulance arrived at the prison and video posted on social media showed scuffles between protesters and police.

Police were called after protesters “attempted to gain entry to restricted areas”, Surrey Police said.

According to police, a member of prison staff was assaulted while officers tried to remove protesters from the building.

A 29-year-old man from Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, was arrested for suspected assault occasioning bodily harm.

“At the point of arresting this man, several people became disruptive towards police and a police officer was assaulted,” Surrey Police added.

“The protesters then blocked the road, delaying our ability to get medical assistance to the injured officer.”

A woman, 28, from Worcester Park, Surrey, was arrested on suspicion of assault causing grievous bodily harm, and a man, 28, from Glasgow, was taken into custody on suspicion of criminal damage to a police vehicle.

A Ministry of Justice (MoJ) spokesperson said: “The escalation of the protest at HMP Bronzefield is completely unacceptable.

“While we support the right to protest, it is deeply concerning that a member of staff has now been injured and protesters are gaining access to staff entrances – putting hard-working staff and security at risk.”

A spokesman for the South East Coast Ambulance Service would not comment on whether the ambulance had transported a protester to hospital.

During Prime Minister’s Questions on Wednesday, former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said to Sir Keir that ministers had declined to meet the protesters’ representatives and one of the group had been taken to hospital.

“Many people are very concerned by the regular breaches of prison conditions and prison rules with respect to these hunger strikes,” he said.

“Will he make arrangements for the Ministry of Justice to meet representatives of the hunger strikers to discuss these breaches of the conditions that they’re experiencing at the present time?”

Sir Keir replied: “He will appreciate there are rules and procedures in place in relation to hunger strikes, and we’re following those rules and procedures.”

On Tuesday, justice minister Jake Richards said in answer to an earlier question from Corbyn that he would not be meeting the group’s lawyers and the Ministry of Justice had “robust and proper guidance and procedures” for such scenarios.

“I am satisfied, and the ministry is satisfied, that those procedures are being enacted and we’ll continue to keep it under review.”

An MoJ spokesperson said: “Prisoners’ wellbeing is continually assessed, and appropriate action is taken, including hospital treatment where required.”

They added His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service had assured ministers that all cases of prisoner food refusal were being managed in accordance with the relevant policy, and with appropriate medical assessment and support – consistent with prisoner rights.

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Trial begins for Milwaukee judge accused of obstructing ICE agents

Dec. 15 (UPI) — The trial for Milwaukee County Circuit Court Judge Hannah Dugan began Monday, with prosecutors playing audio of the judge saying she’ll “get the heat” by showing an undocumented defendant how to leave her courtroom to avoid immigration officials.

Dugan pleaded not guilty earlier this year to federal charges including one count of obstructing and official proceeding and concealing a person from arrest and another of concealing an individual to prevent his discovery and arrest.

The case stems from an incident on April 18, when Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials came to her courtroom and notified her they planned to arrest undocumented immigrant Eduardo Flores-Ruiz. They said she sent the agents to the chief judge’s office before going back to her courtroom, pushing Flores-Ruiz’s case to the front of her docket, then helped him and his lawyer leave from a private jury door.

The ICE agents ultimately found and arrested Flores-Ruiz.

During Monday’s trial, Assistant U.S. Attorney Keith Alexander played audio from the day appearing to depict Dugan speaking with the court reporter, Joan Butz, who offers to show Flores-Ruiz the private door. Dugan says, “I’ll do it. I’ll get the heat.”

Alexander said Dugan’s actions were tantamount to formulating an escape plan for Flores-Ruiz, according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.

“The judicial robe the defendant wore that morning did not put her above the law,” Alexander said in his opening statements.

Dugan’s lawyer, former U.S. Attorney Steven Biskupic, said the private jury door Dugan showed Flores-Ruiz wasn’t hidden and was less than 12 feet away from the public doors of the courtroom. He said she didn’t seek to thwart ICE agents.

“Not even as far as your jury box,” he said. “There was a federal agent to the left and to the right.”

Biskupic said that instead of arresting Flores-Ruiz, the federal agents chose to follow him outside and arrest him after a foot chase, NBC News reported.

“Now, after the fact, everyone wants to blame Judge Dugan,” he said.

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Angels insurers may play role in Skaggs wrongful death trial

Four years after the family of deceased Angels pitcher Tyler Skaggs filed a wrongful death suit against the Angels, and two months into often contentious testimony in an Orange County Superior Court courtroom, jurors are set to begin deliberations on whether Skaggs’ widow and parents deserve hundreds of millions of dollars.

During closing statements Monday, plaintiffs lawyer Daniel Dutko argued that the Angels were negligent in failing to supervise Eric Kay, the drug-addicted team communications director who gave Skaggs the fentanyl that killed him in 2019.

However, Angels lawyer Todd Theodora insisted that Skaggs was a selfish, secretive opioid addict who for years manipulated Kay into obtaining drugs for him. Theodora told the jury that the Angels didn’t owe the Skaggs family any award.

“He died when he was doing things we teach our children and grandchildren not to do — do not chop up and snort pills from the street,” Theodora said.

But it’s not just Skaggs’ family and the Angels who have a lot riding on the jury’s decision. Among those powerful stakeholders who have been watching the proceedings closely are the agencies that insure the Angels.

According to people with knowledge of the Angels’ defense, the team is insured by several companies that each provide coverage with various limits, and it’s possible that those insurers could facilitate a case settlement even before the jury reaches its verdict.

“Insurance companies are in the business of mitigating risk; they don’t like uncertainty,” said Brian Panish, a Los Angeles personal injury lawyer who was not involved in the case but has won several landmark jury verdicts. “They calculate risk and proceed from there. In this case we are talking about multiple insurance companies, a tower of insurance.”

Even though the insurance companies represent the Angels, they ultimately could reduce risk for the Skaggs family and their lawyers through an 11th-hour settlement.

Legal experts say that in cases where enormous sums of money are at stake, the two sides can reach what is called a high-low agreement, with the insurance companies promising to pay plaintiffs an agreed-upon sum even if the jury awards nothing. In exchange the plaintiffs accept an agreed-upon cap to their award — even if the jury thought they deserved more.

A nightmare outcome for the Skaggs family would be the jury awarding them nothing, meaning that in addition to widow Carli Skaggs and parents Debbie Hetman and Darrell Skaggs leaving empty-handed, their high-powered legal team that has spent thousands of hours on the case wouldn’t be paid. Their contingency fee — typically 35% to 40% of an award — would be zero.

A high-low agreement with the Angels would ensure that Skaggs’ lawyers are paid and the family gets some money even if the jury denies them anything.

Both sides are scrambling to assess risk before the jury returns a verdict. Another source of information for the Angels has been a “shadow jury,” a half-dozen or so people hired by the insurance companies to sit in on the trial and provide feedback to the Angels lawyers on their reactions to the testimony.

Next could come negotiations with little time to spare.

“Who is going to blink first?” Panish said. “The posturing and maneuvering is over. The hay is in the barn. The bricks have been laid. I’d be very surprised if they aren’t talking already.”

A person with knowledge of backroom negotiations between the two sides said one insurance company with a relatively low limit on its coverage of the Angels — near the bottom of the tower — has blocked progress toward a settlement. The insurance companies eventually made a “lowball offer” more than a month ago that was rejected by the Skaggs family.

“If a settlement proposal is within the insurance policy limits, there will be pressure on the defense to settle,” Panish said. “But if it is above the limits, say coverage is for $50 million and the demand is $100 million, the insurance companies can’t force the Angels to settle because they would have to pay the excess amount.”

The facts regarding Skaggs’ death are not in dispute. An autopsy concluded the 27-year-old left-hander accidentally died of asphyxia after aspirating his own vomit while under the influence of fentanyl, oxycodone and alcohol the night of July 1, 2019, when the Angels were in Texas for a three-game series against the Rangers.

Kay provided Skaggs with the counterfeit oxycodone pill laced with fentanyl and is serving 22 years in federal prison for his role in the death.

The Skaggs family legal team, led by attorneys Rusty Hardin, Shaun Holley and Dutko, argued that several Angels employees knew about Kay’s own years-long addiction to opioids and ignored team and Major League Baseball policies by failing to report or punish Kay.

Dutko said Kay was operating within his scope of employment when he gave Skaggs and several other players opioid pills — a stance vigorously opposed by Theodora. Dutko referred to testimony that Kay did anything he could to please players — obtaining Viagra prescriptions and marijuana vape pens for them, booking tee times and massages, and humoring them by taking a fastball off his knee and eating pimples off the back of star outfielder Mike Trout.

“From Viagra to vape pens to opioids. Eric Kay’s job responsibility was to get the players anything they wanted,” Dutko said.

Theodora continually portrayed Skaggs as a conniving drug addict who callously pressured Kay to obtain pills for him and doled out pills to teammates, even pressuring Kay to deliver opioids shortly after the longtime employee and admitted drug addict came out of rehab.

On Monday, Theodora reviewed testimony from five of Skaggs’ teammates dating back to 2011 and argued that not only had Skaggs’ drug use escalated over a nine-year period, but that Skaggs had introduced Kay to them and personally obtained pills for the players.

“It’s called the chain of distribution,” Theodora said.

The Skaggs family is seeking not only lost earnings and emotional distress damages but also punitive damages. California law doesn’t allow punitive damages in a wrongful death case, but precedent going back to the O.J. Simpson case makes an exception if the person suffered property damage before death. Skaggs lawyers believe Kay was responsible for fentanyl contaminating the pitcher’s iPad, which was confiscated and never returned to the family.

“The jury first must find the defendant liable for economic and emotional distress damages, and then a second deliberation will determine if punitive damages are appropriate,” said Edson K. McClellan, an Irvine lawyer who specializes in high-stakes civil and employment litigation. “The purpose of punitive damages is to send a message to the defendant: Don’t do this again.”

McClellan said a purpose of closing statements is to “sway hearts,” to persuade jurors who might not have made up their minds. Both sides gave impassioned arguments that the case they presented over two months validated a verdict in their favor.

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