ravages

Prime Minister Andrew Holness has declared Jamaica a “disaster area” after Hurricane Melissa barrelled across the Caribbean island as one of the most powerful storms on record, leaving behind a trail of devastation.

The hurricane – which made landfall as a Category 5 storm on Tuesday – ripped off the roofs of homes, inundated the nation’s “bread basket”, and felled power lines and trees, leaving most of its 2.8 million people without electricity.

Melissa took hours to cross over Jamaica, a passage over land that diminished its winds, dropping it down to a Category 3 storm, before it ramped back up as it continued on Wednesday towards Cuba.

Holness said in a series of posts on X that the storm has “ravaged” his country and the disaster declaration gives his government “tools to continue managing” its response to the storm.

“It is clear that where the eye of the hurricane hit, there would be devastating impact,” he told the United States news channel CNN late on Tuesday. “Reports we have had so far include damage to hospitals, significant damage to residential property, housing and commercial property as well, and damage to our road infrastructure.”

Holness said he does not have any confirmed reports of deaths at the moment. “But with a Category 5 hurricane, … we are expecting some loss of life,” he added.

The prime minister said his government was mobilising quickly to start relief and recovery efforts by Wednesday morning.

Even before Melissa slammed into Jamaica, seven deaths – three in Jamaica, three in Haiti and one in the Dominican Republic – were caused by the hurricane.

Desmond McKenzie, Jamaica’s local government minister, told reporters on Tuesday evening that the storm had caused damage across almost every parish in the country and left most of the island without electricity.

He said the storm had put the parish of St Elizabeth, the country’s main agricultural region, “under water”.

“The damage to St Elizabeth is extensive, based on what we have seen,” the minister said, adding that “almost every parish is experiencing blocked roads, fallen trees and utility poles, and excess flooding in many communities.”

“Work is presently on the way to restore our service, to give priorities to the critical facilities, such as hospitals and water and pumping stations,” he added.

The storm caused “significant damage” to at least four hospitals, Health and Wellness Minister Christopher Tufton told the Jamaica Gleaner newspaper.

A roof was completely torn off a building at a section of the Savanna La Mar Public General Hospital due to the passage of Hurricane Melissa. The system made landfall earlier today near New Hope district in Westmoreland, Jamaica. #GLNRToday #TrackingMelissa pic.twitter.com/zBnm9bu4Oq

— Jamaica Gleaner (@JamaicaGleaner) October 28, 2025

‘Monstrous Melissa’

Robian Williams, a journalist with the Nationwide News Network radio broadcaster in Kingston, told Al Jazeera that the storm was the “worst we’ve ever experienced”.

“It’s truly heartbreaking, devastating,” she said from the capital.

“We’re calling Hurricane Melissa ‘Monstrous Melissa’ here in Jamaica because that’s how powerful she was. … The devastation is widespread, mostly being felt and still being felt in the western ends of the country at this point in time. So many homes, so many people have been displaced,” she said.

“We did prepare, but there wasn’t much that we could have done.”

Trout Hall Rd, Clarendon#TrackingMelissa #HurricaneMelissa #Jamaica @CVMTV pic.twitter.com/bTop93pOvp

— Giovanni R. Dennis (@GiovanniRDennis) October 28, 2025

In Kingston, Lisa Sangster, a 30-year-old communications specialist, said her home was devastated by the storm.

“My sister … explained that parts of our roof was blown off and other parts caved in and the entire house was flooded,” she told the AFP news agency. “Outside structures like our outdoor kitchen, dog kennel and farm animal pens were also gone, destroyed.”

Mathue Tapper, 31, told AFP that those in the capital were “lucky” but he feared for people in Jamaica’s more rural areas.

“My heart goes out to the folks living on the western end of the island,” he said.

Melissa restrengthens

The US National Hurricane Center warned on Tuesday night that Melissa was restrengthening as it approached eastern Cuba.

“Expected to make landfall there as an extremely dangerous major hurricane in the next few hours,” the centre warned at 11pm Cuba time on Tuesday (03:00 GMT on Wednesday).

Authorities in Cuba have evacuated more than 700,000 people, according to Granma, the official newspaper, and forecasters said the Category 4 storm would unleash catastrophic damage in Santiago de Cuba and nearby areas.

A hurricane warning was in effect for the provinces of Granma, Santiago de Cuba, Guantanamo, Holguin and Las Tunas as well as for the southeastern and central Bahamas. A hurricane watch was in effect for Bermuda.

The storm was expected to generate a storm surge of up to 3.6 metres (12ft) in the region and drop up to 51cm (20 inches) of rain in parts of eastern Cuba.

“There will be a lot of work to do. We know there will be a lot of damage,” President Miguel Diaz-Canel said in a televised address in which he assured that “no one is left behind and no resources are spared to protect the lives of the population”.

At the same time, he urged Cubans not to underestimate the power of Hurricane Melissa, “the strongest ever to hit national territory”.

Climate change

Although Jamaica and Cuba are used to hurricanes, climate change is making the storms more severe.

British-Jamaican climate change activist and author Mikaela Loach said in a video shared on social media that Melissa “gained energy from the extremely and unnaturally hot seas in the Caribbean”.

“These sea temperatures are not natural,” Loach said. “They’re extremely hot because of the gasses that have resulted from burning fossil fuels.”

“Countries like Jamaica, countries that are most vulnerable to climate disaster are also countries that have had their wealth and resources stripped away from them through colonial bondage,” Loach added.

Speaking at the United Nations General Assembly in September, Holness urged wealthy countries to increase climate financing to assist countries like Jamaica with adapting to the effects of a warming world.

“Climate change is not a distant threat or an academic consideration. It is a daily reality for small island developing states like Jamaica,” he said.

Jamaica is responsible for just 0.02 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, which cause global warming, according to data from the World Resources Institute.

But like other tropical islands, it is expected to continue to bear the brunt of worsening climate effects.

“We do not know what to do right now. We do not even have water to drink or bathe with. We don’t know what we would do if the rain falls and meets us in the open air with all our children.”  These are the words uttered by Jacky Tshibala, a resident of the Laurent Desire Kabila camp in Lemba, situated in the southeast of Kinshasa, the national capital of the DR Congo, where over 300 houses were razed to ashes. 

A disturbing silence now reigns in the quarters,  where parents and children this morning  found themselves searching for any personal belongings that the fire might have spared.

One of the affected victims, who is a father and a policeman, reveals that the fire started at 2 a.m. Tuesday morning and spread with unprecedented rapidity to various residential houses.

“We were all taken by surprise at 2 a.m. in the morning by a fire we up to now don’t know its origin. I can tell you that the fire spread so fast that one was unable to save even a pin. Nothing was saved from the more than 300 houses that have been razed to the ground,” declared the policeman with a walkie-talkie in hand.

Another victim,  Julie, told HumAngle that her husband was on an out-of-station assignment when their house was destroyed.  She said she currently depends on neighbours who were not as badly affected as herself.

“Some of them have been giving us their pots with which we are using to cook in the open air. We are still perching outside not knowing where to pass the nights. I have personally lost everything except the clothes I am wearing now,”  she said.  

A group of women sitting on the ground and sweating from the hot temperature said they did not know what to do after the calamity. Some said they had not eaten anything or had a drop of water since the fire struck. They said they were also afraid the rain threatening the horizon might meet them still in the open air with their little children.

Students and primary school children too have been affected as most of them have lost their uniforms and school textbooks. Some of them can be seen sleeping in the open air while their parents struggle to find something for them to eat.

The victims say the vice prime minister in charge of the interior and security, Jacquemain Shabani, had during the day come to express his sympathy and had promised to arrange for assistance to the affected families. However, they had been waiting for the whole day without any indication of the help the vice prime minister promised.

As of now, every victim is sitting on the ruins of what was once their home while waiting for government assistance.

Felix Yupenda depends entirely on his harvests to sustain his family. He is a local farmer in Wukari, Taraba State, North East Nigeria, who grew up on the farm and has worked there for over 30 years.

“I learnt how to cultivate yam and cassava from my father, but I also supplement it with other crops like rice, beans, and Guinea corn,” he told HumAngle.

He had planted yam seedlings weeks ago, taking advantage of the moist soil left behind by an early rainfall. But since then, the rains have ceased, and he is worried that his seedlings might rot in the hardened earth. He is also concerned about the other supplementary crops like maize and beans, which are beginning to dry up. 

“Scientists say we won’t have rain in the coming days, and we are currently seeing the signs, but everything is in God’s hands. We are still praying,” Felix moped. 

He noted that in situations like this, farmers only hope and pray for divine intervention, as rainfall is a natural phenomenon beyond their control. But he is anxious. 

“If the rain doesn’t come, then I’m finished, I don’t have any other job that will sustain my wife and kids aside from farming.” 

Dry skies 

Taraba is undergoing a flash drought, as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) predicts a cessation of rainfall lasting more than 21 days from mid-July. Catastrophic rainfall is anticipated by the end of August. The state is experiencing erratic rainfall, with dry spells of up to five days after each rain episode in Jalingo, the state capital, and surrounding areas.

Fidelis Nashuka, the Director of Planning, Research, and Statistics at the Taraba State Ministry of Environment and Climate Change, told HumAngle that drought is becoming a recurring issue. He noted that Taraba experienced a severe episode last year despite not being traditionally classified as drought-prone.

“Last year’s drought affected crop production, and many farmers lost their crops to it,” he said. 

While the state is experiencing signs like erratic rainfall, Fidelis hopes the aftermath will not be as severe as last year. He said the signal, though devastating, might be a good sign for residents, especially farmers, to start working towards mitigating the drought. 

“This is July. We are expected to have full rainfall at its peak across all the states, but we are experiencing variations in different areas, which is a matter of concern, and if care is not taken, the rains may cease while our crops are yet to mature,” he added. 

He stated that the most at-risk communities are in northern Taraba, especially those bordering Adamawa and Gombe states. He explained that these areas are facing a significant reduction in rainfall compared to Taraba’s southern and central areas. The affected areas include Zing, Yorro, Lau, Karim Lamido, and others. 

HumAngle interviewed Ephraim Tor, a farmer from the Bali Local Government Area. He expressed concern that his community is currently facing drought and, like many other farmers, is anxious about the future. “Last year, my maize dried up, and I got almost nothing,” he said.

Ephraim added that rice farmers in Bali were struck the hardest, and while the skies remain dry, many are growing anxious. “We are just waiting for God to give us rain because there is nothing we can do,” the local farmer complained. 

Fidelis noted that areas previously receiving consistent rainfall for five to six months each year have recently experienced a decline. This reduction now affects the southern parts of Taraba and the central area, where noticeable changes in rainfall patterns are observed. The environmental researcher explained that the drought is beginning to impact food production and trade, as buyers from neighbouring states may stop coming due to decreasing harvests.

On the edge

Abdullahi Sanda, a large-scale commercial farmer from the Lau LGA, seemed anxious while speaking to HumAngle. The cessation of rainfall had caused him many sleepless nights due to the distressing experiences he faced last year. 

He cultivates maize and rice but primarily focuses on large-scale rice farming. He stores the harvested rice and sells it to traders and businesspeople from Kano and other states. With his extensive land, Abdullahi typically harvests over 200 bags of rice at the end of each farming season, but last year was quite different.

“Since my years of farming in this region, I’ve never experienced drought until last year. They said it is climate change,” Abdullahi said. 

In 2024, it was reported that farmers across several LGAs in Taraba lost crops worth millions after rainfall ceased for weeks. 

“Last year, after planting, we sprayed pesticides, which we normally do as a form of weeding in July. This pesticide requires moisture to take effect, but then, the weeds didn’t die because there was no rain,” he recounted. “The rice farm dried up to the extent that one matchstick, if lit up, can set it ablaze. After spending a lot of money on the pesticides, we realised that even if we buy another one, it won’t work because there was no moisture, so we hired people to weed it manually.”

Manual weeding cost Abdullahi over ₦500,000 due to his farm size.

“We didn’t budget for that expense, but sometimes you must take risks. The manual weeding was beneficial, but the rains returned late,” he sighed. He explained that when a bag of rice is planted, it should yield at least 30 to 35 bags. Despite planting around 10 bags last year, which was expected to produce about 300 bags, he ultimately harvested only 194 bags. “It was a massive loss. I have another small farm, and I planted rice there, but the rice didn’t even germinate.”

Despite recording a low harvest, Abdullahi was lucky. Many rice farmers cleared their farms, planted rice, and waited for it to germinate, but due to a lack of rainfall, it didn’t germinate, he said, expressing fear over signs of drought in his region because of the short and irregular rainfall.

“This year, I bought about ₦183 000 worth of weed pesticides sprayed across the rice farm, but there was no rain. So yesterday, I bought another batch worth ₦65,000 and I’m waiting for the rain to come before I spray it because the pesticide requires moisture and I can’t afford to make another loss.”

If another drought hits this year, the farmer said he would be forced into debt like other farmers in Wukari. They had planted yams, groundnut, and rice, but didn’t reap anything when the rain ceased last year. Everything came to a standstill. The groundnuts dried up, and the yam seedlings withered.

To recover from the loss, farmers in his area had to sell the little crops they harvested at a cheaper rate because they were in dire need of money to clear debts and make ends meet. The crash in the prices of farm produce was a huge loss to farmers. For instance, a measure of maize usually sold for ₦700 was now sold for ₦400 because the farmers needed the cash.

Something similar might happen this year, Fidelis warned.

Not a drought-prone state

The drought situation in Taraba is attributed to climate change and human factors like deforestation. From 2018 to 2023, massive deforestation occurred in Taraba, which is now affecting the state’s climatic conditions. Gembu, a town known as one of the coldest places in Nigeria, is experiencing a sharp temperature increase.

“Till today, we are experiencing an increase in deforestation, even though the government is trying its best. We see people from outside Taraba coming into the state to cut down trees and produce charcoal,” Fidelis stated, adding that the state has a law prohibiting the felling of trees under 15 years old. “They cut down trees below 10 years and economic trees, and now, we are seeing the effects.”

Ephraim pleads with the government to provide farmers with subsidised fertilisers to help cushion the adversity. However, Fidelis observed that the government is doing its best to create awareness of building community resilience and mitigation strategies for adapting to changes in weather conditions. He urged local communities to grasp the effects of climate change on agricultural areas and how they can contribute to mitigating its impact.

“The gap is that more trees are being felled and planting is not in the same ratio with the rate of cutting, so if this kind of scenario continues, our weather will keep changing,” Fidelis stressed. 

To withstand the looming drought, he called on farmers nationwide to opt for seedlings that can mature quickly if planted. He said those who grow crops that require a longer time to mature are at a disadvantage. For those into rice farming, which requires adequate rainfall, Fidelis advised that they opt for specific seedlings that don’t need much water. He charged the media and civil society organisations to do more to create awareness of climate change and the relevance of tree planting.

While hoping the drought forecast doesn’t materialise despite its signs, Felix is looking forward to making something out of his yam farm for consumption, if not for commercial purposes. 

“Right now, my main concern is what my family will eat because education and clothing have become a luxury,” he said. 

Abdullahi said he has no choice but to invest in strategies to withstand the drought since it is gradually forming a pattern. Some methods involve digging boreholes around the farm and using solar panels to power water machines to supply the farm with water. Abdullahi is willing to adapt this technique, even though it is expensive. 

 “I just pray we don’t experience much loss this year,” he said. 

Palestinians in the Gaza Strip are pleading for help as more people have starved to death under Israel’s unrelenting blockade of the coastal enclave.

The Gaza Health Ministry said in a statement on Friday that local hospitals recorded nine new malnutrition deaths in the previous 24 hours.

That brings the total number of such deaths to 122 since Israel’s war on Gaza began in October 2023, including at least 83 children.

“We urgently demand an immediate end to the famine, the opening of all crossings, and the entry of infant formula now, along with 500 aid trucks and 50 fuel trucks daily,” the Health Ministry said.

“We hold the Israeli occupation, the US administration, and other states complicit in this genocide—such as the UK, Germany, and France—as well as the international community at large, fully responsible for this historic crime.”

Sources at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, in southern Gaza, told Al Jazeera early on Saturday that a six-month-old infant also succumbed to starvation-related medical complications.

Starvation deaths have steadily increased in Gaza this week as Israel continues to maintain a strict blockade on the territory, preventing a steady flow of food, water, medicine and other supplies from reaching Palestinians.

The United Nations has warned that children are especially vulnerable as the crisis worsens.

Noor al-Shana, an independent journalist in central Gaza’s Nuseirat, told Al Jazeera that extreme hunger is affecting all aspects of life in the Strip.

She said she now struggles to find enough for one meal per day, while four of her relatives were killed while seeking food at aid distribution points run by the notorious Israel- and United States-backed GHF.

“The world is just saying ‘Free Palestine’ … We don’t want words, we want solutions,” she said.

“Enough, we are tired,” al-Shana added, fighting back tears. “We are suffocating. We are dying here.”

‘Deliberate mass starvation’

Separately, sources at hospitals in Gaza told Al Jazeera that at least 38 people were killed by Israeli attacks across the enclave since the early hours of Friday morning.

Of that, at least six Palestinians were killed while trying to collect food at aid distribution sites.

Philippe Lazzarini, head of the UN agency for Palestinian refugees (UNRWA), on Friday reiterated criticism of the GHF, calling it a “cruel” politically driven effort that “takes more lives than it saves”.

Lazzarini called for the UN agency’s aid stockpiles to be let into Gaza, warning that the enclave is suffering from “deliberate mass starvation”.

“Today, more children died, their bodies emaciated by hunger,” he said in a post on X. “The unfolding famine can only be reversed by a political will.”

The Israeli military has blamed international organisations for the crisis, claiming that aid trucks are inside Gaza but that the UN has refused to distribute the assistance.

UN officials have rejected that, saying repeatedly that they have not received the necessary approvals from the Israeli authorities to distribute the aid.

The UN and other humanitarian groups have also refused to work with the GHF aid distribution scheme, which they say does not adhere to humanitarian principles such as impartiality and independence.

As the crisis continues to spiral, United States President Donald Trump on Friday solely blamed Hamas for the apparent collapse of Gaza ceasefire talks, saying the group is going to be “hunted down”.

“Hamas didn’t really want to make a deal. I think they want to die, and it’s very, very bad,” Trump told reporters at the White House.

The US president’s comments came a day after his Middle East envoy said US negotiators had withdrawn from ceasefire talks in Qatar.

Hamas responded to the US’s announcement with surprise, saying on Thursday that it had submitted a positive and constructive response to the latest proposal it was offered.

Despite Hamas’s insistence that it is ready to work towards a deal, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said that Israel and the US are weighing ways to secure the release of captives in Gaza that do not depend on a negotiated agreement with the Palestinian group.

“Together with our US allies, we are now considering alternative options to bring our hostages home, end Hamas’s terror rule, and secure lasting peace for Israel and our region,” Netanyahu said.

Israel’s war on Gaza has killed at least 59,676 Palestinians and wounded 143,965 others. An estimated 1,139 people were killed in Israel during the Hamas-led October 7, 2023, attacks and more than 200 were taken captive.

Authorities in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon have called for vigilance and better urban planning to avoid future disasters following the death of four persons and the displacement of families after heavy torrential rains and floods.

Local sources told HumAngle that the heavy rainfall in Ngaoundere, the regional capital, and surrounding areas caused significant damage and forced numerous families to leave. “The floods have seriously impacted the usage of several roads in the region, and many of the roads are out of use. Several schools and markets have been closed down, and access to most areas is now impossible without assistance,” a civil society activist in Ngaoundere said.

For several days, the rainfall in Ngaoundere, the region’s main town, led to a rapid rise in water levels from a nearby lake. This surge damaged infrastructure and left residents stranded, as Valeri Norbert Kuela, the prefect of the Vina division in the area, reported.

A civil engineering expert, who examined the ravaged location, stated that the profundity of the damage shows that the way houses are constructed here is not structured. The engineer warned that something has to be done by strictly vetting building plans before approval is given for construction. 

“The large number of houses which easily collapsed without much effort is evidence of the veracity of accusations that have always been levied against Council authorities, that very little real control is carried out before and during the construction of houses in the city,” he said. “I hope these deaths and damage to several houses would teach the council authorities to do their work better.”

Several displaced individuals who spoke with HumAngle revealed that bribing construction verifiers to overlook standard building regulations was harmful to them.

“Where do I start from now at my age? How long would I have to stay in someone else’s uncompleted building with my children and grandchildren? Sometimes, being ‘smart’ can be a sort of stupidity,” one local, an octogenarian, cried out.  “I thought I was smart by bribing council control staff to look the other way while I bent the construction rules. Look at where I find myself today.”