This landlocked region in central Asia lies at the crossroads of the ancient Silk Road trade route between Europe and China. As such it has often fallen under the control of neighbouring empires. The region was settled by Kyrgyz tribes, a Muslim Turkic people, from southern Siberia in the 17th century. 

Did You Know? 

Kyrgyz means ‘forty’ in Turkic, as this was the number of tribes who came together to settle in the area. This number is represented today in the flag of Kyrgyzstan in the 40 rays from the sun in the centre of the flag. 

After the middle of the nineteenth century, the eastern part of modern-day Kyrgyzstan was ceded to the Russian Empire by the Chinese under the Treaty of Tarbagatai. The territory was formally incorporated into the Russian Empire in 1876. 

After the Russian revolution, the country became part of the Soviet Union, going through different national statuses until 5 December 1936, when the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic became a full republic of the Soviet Union. 

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union; on 31 August, 1991, an extraordinary session of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan adopted a resolution on the “Declaration on State Independence of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan”. This meant the Kyrgyz Republic was declared a sovereign state, with the country gaining independent statehood for the first time in history.