Trump’s legal team and members of special counsel Jack Smith’s team appeared before Chutkan at a hearing to resolve the language that will appear in a protective order dictating how information and evidence in the discovery process can be shared before and during the trial. A protective order is a normal part of a felony criminal trial.

“Mr. Trump, like every American, has a 1st Amendment right to free speech. But that right is not absolute. … Defendant’s free speech is subject to the release conditions imposed at arraignment and it must yield to the orderly administration of justice,” Chutkan said.

Trump is charged with engaging in alleged conspiracies to overturn the results of the 2020 election and keep him in power. He has pleaded not guilty.

Trump has criticized the limitations Smith wants included in the protective order, saying that such restrictions on what he can talk about would impinge on his right to free speech.

Trump’s lawyer, John Lauro, repeatedly mentioned the 2024 election during the hearing, saying that restrictions on what information Trump can share online or on the campaign trail as he seeks the GOP presidential nomination could harm his chances.

“We are in uncharted waters, we have a defendant running for president and his opponent has the DOJ bringing charges against him,” Lauro said.

Chutkan said Lauro was “conflating what your client needs to do to defend himself and what your client wants to do politically. Your client’s defense is supposed to happen in this courtroom, not on the internet.”

She added that Trump making comments about witnesses, even if defending himself against opponents, could interfere with the case.

“The fact that he’s running a political campaign currently has to yield to the orderly administration of justice,” Chutkan said. “Regardless of what is going on with his, I hate to say, his day job, this is a criminal case. The need for this to proceed in normal order and protect witnesses, integrity of process means there are going to be limits on defendant’s speech.”

Chutkan stressed that the 2024 campaign will not influence the decisions she makes in the case.

“I cannot and I will not factor into my decisions the influence it will have on a political campaign on either side,” she said.

But for the protective order, Chutkan rejected Smith’s request to restrict Trump and his legal team from disclosing any materials it receives as part of discovery to anyone other than his legal team, possible witnesses, the witnesses’ lawyers or others approved by the court. Instead, as Trump’s team requested, she narrowed the wording to prohibit Trump and his attorneys from disclosing materials deemed sensitive. Chutkan noted that the government can review whether the small amount of nonsensitive material it planned to hand over to the defense should be redesignated as sensitive.

Prosecutors said they feared Trump would obstruct the case by publicly sharing information that could interfere with finding an impartial jury or serve to intimidate witnesses.

Trump’s legal team, led by Lauro, suggested in a 29-page motion Monday that the court should loosely define and expand whom Trump can share sensitive information with to prepare his defense to “volunteer attorneys,” expert witnesses, investigators or others without “paid employment arrangements.” Chutkan rejected that request, saying it was so overly broad that even an unindicted co-conspirator could obtain access to the information.

“I’m not comfortable with that broad a definition, which could include just about anyone,” she said.

Lauro said not allowing the Trump legal team to use volunteers to process the evidence it will receive from the special counsel in the coming weeks will “hamstring us in incredible ways.”

“This is a massive case and it’s impossible to get ready [on the special counsel’s timeline of a Jan. 2 trial date] unless we’re able to enlist the help” of others,” he said.

Chutkan also struck a compromise between what prosecutors and the defense requested from the court by deciding to allow Trump to review sensitive material without being accompanied by his legal team, but she retained the position that his notes must be checked to ensure he didn’t write down personally identifiable information. She also said that Trump cannot have access to an electronic device such as a cellphone or copying machine while reviewing sensitive materials. The defense will also be required to regain control of the materials whenever Trump is finished with them or takes a break, and he is not allowed to carry evidence around.

Prosecutor Thomas Windom, who addressed the judge on behalf of the special counsel, had pushed to require that a defense lawyer be in the room with Trump while he reviewed documents, saying it would reduce the risk of the former president photocopying or taking pictures of sensitive materials.

“He has shown a tendency to desire to hold on to material which he should not,” Windom said, nodding to the separate case Smith has brought in Florida charging Trump with retaining classified documents after leaving office.