In the village of Kandali in Balkh, one of eight affected provinces in the country’s breadbasket, a swarm of grey insects has amassed on a wheat field.
After feasting on the harvest, they lay eggs to hatch next spring, continuing a cycle of destruction in a nation where nine in 10 families already struggle to afford food, according to the United Nations.
“They eat everything that is green: wheat, peas, sesame,” said Baz Mohammad, the representative of Kandali village.
Desperate farmers use nets to sweep up the plague of Moroccan locusts, one of the world’s most voracious pests, before burying them in trenches, but their numbers are still multiplying.
“We walk with hungry stomachs to kill the locusts. If we don’t kill them, our agriculture will be ruined,” Mohammad said.
This year’s outbreak could destroy 1.2 million tonnes of wheat, a quarter of the annual harvest and a loss of up to $480m, according to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Afghanistan is facing its third consecutive year of drought with farmers in Kandali reporting no rain since March, which could have helped wash away the bugs.
“Harvest forecasts this year are the best we have seen for the last three years,” FAO Afghanistan representative Richard Trenchard said last month.
“But this outbreak threatens to destroy all these recent gains and dramatically worsen the food insecurity situation later this year and into next year.”
The agency said conditions were “perfect” for locusts with “overgrazing, drought and very limited control measures”.
The last two major infestations, which took place 20 and 40 years ago, cost the country an estimated 8 percent and 25 percent of production, respectively.
The head of locust control at the provincial agricultural ministry, Sifatullah Azizi, said 7,000 hectares (17,000 acres) of land has been treated chemically and manually, but it is not enough.
“We have acted within our means. To eradicate them you need a budget, to hire workers, pay for fuel, products,” he told the Agence France-Presse news agency.
Afghanistan’s economy, already battered by decades of war, has been mired in crisis after billions of dollars in international aid were halted following the Taliban’s takeover in August 2021.
Economic output has collapsed and nearly 85 percent of the country lives in poverty, according to the latest report from the UN Development Programme.
“Afghanistan used to have a very strong locust control system in place, but this has been heavily eroded in the last two years,” Trenchard said.
If left uncontrolled, the population of Moroccan locusts could increase 100-fold next year, the FAO has warned.
Farmer Abdul Raqib Kazimi, who provides for 16 family members, said 60 to 70 percent of his production has been destroyed, including fodder for his cattle.
“We need to feed ourselves. If there is no wheat, there is no flour,” the 38-year-old said.
“I am very worried because these locusts are laying eggs in this area, so next year again, it will be out of my control and out of the control of my villagers.”