The US launched its so-called “war on terror” following the 9/11 attacks.

The invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq resulted in a huge loss of life. Instability spread across many parts of the Middle East.

A new investigation from a top US university says 4.5 million people died directly or indirectly as a result of the so-called “war on terror”.

So, what’s been its true impact?

Presenter: Nastasya Tay

Guests:

Stephanie Savell – Co-director of Costs of War, a non-partisan research project based at the Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs at Brown University

Ruba Ali al-Hassani – Postdoctoral research fellow at Lancaster University and the co-founder of Iraqi Women Academics Network

Michael O’Hanlon – Senior fellow and director of research in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution