Key points from Rachel Reeves’s speech

Chancellor Rachel Reeves has delivered Labour’s first Budget since 2010, after the party’s return to power in July’s general election.

Here is a summary of the main measures.

• Rates of income tax and National Insurance (NI) paid by employees, and of VAT, to remain unchanged
• Income tax band thresholds to rise in line with inflation after 2028, preventing more people being dragged into higher bands as wages rise
• Basic rate capital gains tax on profits from selling shares to increase from from 10% to 18%, with the higher rate rising from 20% to 24%
• Rates on profits from selling additional property unchanged
• Inheritance tax threshold freeze extended by further two years to 2030, with unspent pension pots also subject to the tax from 2027
• Exemptions when inheriting farmland to be made less generous from 2026

• Firms to pay National Insurance on workers’ earnings above £5,000 from April, down from £9,100 currently, with the rate increasing from 13.8% to 15%, raising an estimated £25bn a year
• Employment allowance – which allows companies to reduce their NI liability – to increase from £5,000 to £10,500
• Tax paid by private equity managers on share of profits from successful deals to rise from up to 28% to up to 32% from April
• Main rate of corporation tax, paid by businesses on taxable profits over £250,000, to stay at 25% until next election

• £2 cap on single bus fares in England to rise to £3 from January
• 5p cut to fuel duty on petrol and diesel, due to end in April 2025, kept for another year
• Commitment to fund tunnelling work to take HS2 high-speed rail line to Euston station in central London
• Commitment to deliver upgrade to trans-Pennine rail line between York and Manchester, running via Leeds and Huddersfield
• Air Passenger Duty on flights by private jet to go up by 50%

• New tax of £2.20 per 10ml of vaping liquid introduced from October 2026
• Tax on tobacco to increase by 2% above inflation, and 10% above inflation for hand-rolling tobacco
• Tax on non-draught alcoholic drinks to increase by the higher RPI measure of inflation, but tax on draught drinks cut by 1.7%

• Legal minimum wage for over-21s to rise from £11.44 to £12.21 per hour from April
• Rate for 18 to 20-year-olds to go up from £8.60 to £10, as part of a long-term plan to move towards a “single adult rate”
• Eligibility widened for the allowance paid to full-time carers, by increasing the maximum earnings threshold from £151 to £195 a week

• Current affordable homes budget, which runs until 2026, boosted by £500m
• Social housing providers to be allowed to increase rents above inflation under multi-year settlement
• Stamp duty surcharge, paid on second home purchases in England and Northern Ireland, to go up from 3% to 5%

• Office for Budget Responsibility predicts the UK economy will grow by 1.1% this year, 2% next year, and 1.8% in 2026
• Inflation predicted to average 2.5% this year, 2.6% next year, before falling to 2.3% in 2026
• Official definition of UK government debt loosened by including a wider range of financial assets, such as future student loan repayments

• Extra £22.6bn for day-to-day spending on the NHS in England, and a £3.1bn boost to budget for investment
• £6.7bn allocated for education investment next year, with £1.4bn earmarked for rebuilding over 500 schools