Shocking pictures show one of the wrecked carriages suspended almost vertically in mid-air as worried onlookers gather nearby.
The crash happened in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal on Monday morning.
Rescue workers and disaster teams were rushed to the scene after the Kanchanjunga Express was hit by a goods train from behind.
According to local media a further 25 to 30 people were left injured in the horrific crash.
Several coaches on the express train were reportedly derailed on impact.
The death toll remained relatively low after the horror crash because the rear of the passenger train was made up of a cargo van and guards coach.
Carriages holding passengers remained further ahead, NDTV reports.
State minister Mamata Banerjee said: “Shocked to learn, just now, about a tragic train accident, in Phansidewa area of Darjeeling district.
“Doctors, ambulances and disaster teams have been rushed to the site for rescue, recovery, medical assistance. Action on war-footing initiated.”
The Kanchanjunga Express links the north-eastern regions of Assam and Tripura with West Bengal.
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