The evacuation order comes as indirect ceasefire talks between Israel and the Palestinian group Hamas appeared to stall amid intense disagreements between the warring sides.
The United States and Qatar, which have been mediating the talks along with Egypt, were expected to hold discussions on Monday in Doha, but state-linked media in Egypt said the ceasefire talks had stalled after a rocket attack killed four Israeli soldiers on Sunday.
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to send ground forces into Rafah to attack Hamas fighters regardless of any truce, despite key ally the US, other countries and aid groups raising concerns over a humanitarian crisis in the city.
The Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) has condemned the Israeli army’s “forced, unlawful” evacuation order in Rafah, saying that it could lead to “the deadliest phase of this conflict”.
Jan Egeland, secretary-general of the international non-profit NRC, says there are not enough resources in Israel’s self-declared al-Muwasi humanitarian zone, where the army instructed some 100,000 people in Rafah to relocate.
Israel has described Rafah as the last significant Hamas stronghold after seven months of war, and its leaders have repeatedly said they need to carry out a ground invasion to defeat its fighters.
Hamas called on the international community to move quickly “to stop the crime that is threatening the lives of hundreds of thousands of civilians”. It also called on international agencies, including the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA), to stay in Rafah and support the people there.
Israel’s war on Gaza has driven around 80 percent of Gaza’s population of 2.3 million from their homes and caused vast destruction in several towns and cities.
Since October, the death toll in Gaza has surpassed 34,700 people, mostly women and children, according to Palestinian health officials.
Israel launched its assault on Gaza after Hamas fighters led an attack on southern Israel on October 7, killing at least 1,139 people, according to an Al Jazeera tally based on Israeli statistics.