The Digital Services Act was enacted in late August with the aim to create an online environment that is safe and protects fundamental rights.

It specifically requires social media platforms offering its services on the continent to not only take measures to address risks connected to the dissemination of illegal content but also enforce a mechanism for users to flag such posts and act upon the requests expeditiously.

“Let me remind you that the Digital Services Act sets very precise obligations regarding content moderation,” Breton said in the letter.

The letter was sent as X has come under criticism over numerous posts carrying false information about the Israel-Hamas war in the wake of Hamas’ surprise Saturday attack and Israel’s ongoing bloody response that together have claimed the lives of more than 900 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis.

Musk, himself, has also been the target of such criticism after he directed his more than 159 million followers to two accounts known for spreading antisemitism and disinformation. The tweet in question by Musk has since been deleted.

It was also sent after X made changes to its Public Interest Policy over weekend, removing the requirement to have at least 100,000 followers to be considered so-called newsworthy.

Musk, who bought the platform late last October for $44 billion, has made substantial changes that extend far deeper than simply a rebranding. The self-proclaimed free speech absolutist made a number of controversial changes, such as charging for the verified blue badge, which was once designated for journalists and people of note, and allowing formerly banned accounts, including that of former President Donald Trump, to be reinstated.

Breton on Tuesday said Musk’s latest changes have “left many European users uncertain” about content they are seeing on X, and he needs “to be very transparent and clear on what content is permitted” and to diligently enforce his own policies.

He continued that they have received reports about potentially illegal content circulating on X despite it being flagged by relevant authorities.

“Public media and civil society organizations widely report instances of fake and manipulated images and facts circulating on your platform in the EU, such as repurposed old images of unrelated armed conflicts or military footage that actually originated from video games,” Breton said.

“You need [to] have in place proportionate and effective mitigation measures to tackle the risks to public security and civic discourse stemming from disinformation.”

Musk was given 24 hours to response.

On X, Musk defended his company’s policies, stating “everything is open source and transparent,” while asking Breton to “list the violations you allude to” to allow the public to see them.

Breton responded by saying Musk is aware of reports of fake content and “glorification of violence” being spread on X.

“Up to you to demonstrate that you walk the talk,” Breton said.

“My team remains at your disposal to ensure DS compliance, which the EU will continue to enforce rigorously.”