Peru’s anti-drugs commission says some 95,000 hectares of land (367 square miles) were being used to grow coca leaves in 2022.

Though the cultivation of coca is legal for traditional purposes such as being chewed for energy or administered as an antidote for altitude sickness in the Andean nation, analysts and government officials estimate that some 90 percent of Peru’s crop is now used in the illicit drug trade.

Based on data from 20 monitored areas, Peru’s national anti-drugs commission DEVIDA said on Monday that coca cultivation was at a record high in 2022 compared with the previous two decades, according to analysts.

Cultivation was taking place most notably on protected lands and Indigenous Amazon villages close to the borders with Brazil and Colombia.

“Now the damage is even more powerful, because it includes environmental crimes in forests, in protected areas and with greater incidence in Indigenous or native communities,” DEVIDA President Carlos Figueroa told a news conference.

Figueroa said illicit coca cultivation on Indigenous territories had almost doubled since 2020, reaching 18,674 hectares last year. There was also worrying expansion along the borders with Colombia and Brazil, where international drug traffickers operate, he said.

Peru and Colombia are the world’s largest producers of coca leaf and cocaine, according to the United Nations.

Figueroa estimated that current coca crops could have produced some 870 tonnes of cocaine in 2022.

“The Peruvian government makes strenuous efforts to confront this global scourge with energetic and forceful actions, under the principle of common and shared responsibility. We urge the international community to continue the same effort to jointly defeat this common enemy,” DEVIDA said in a statement accompanying its report.

“The international community can trust that the Peruvian State is a solid ally in the fight against the world drug problem,” the commission added.

Peru’s largest area of coca cultivation and cocaine production remains the valley of the Apurímac, Ene and Mantaro rivers, or VRAEM, accounting for some 35,709 hectares, Figueroa said.

The area of mountains and jungle is roughly the size of Puerto Rico at the centre of the Andean country, and drug traffickers in this area work in alliance with remnants of the Shining Path rebel group, according to police.

At the Amazon border regions of Ucayali and Loreto, cultivation advanced 43 percent and 34 percent respectively, Figueroa said.

Drug traffickers along the border are linked to dissidents from Colombia’s FARC rebel group and the Red Command, deemed one of Brazil’s largest criminal organisations, he added.

Clandestine landing strips for drug planes have increased despite police efforts, he added, noting air routes make an easy and important exit for remote operations.

In a separate conference on Monday, Luisa Sterponi, a coordinator at the UN’s office on drugs and crime, said Peruvian cocaine is mostly transported to Bolivia and Brazil, then shipped mainly to Europe and Oceania.

Peru has been in talks with the United States for years, hoping it will lend “non-lethal” support to intercept planes carrying illegal drugs.

Washington suspended its prior support in 2001 when Peru’s Air Force shot down a plane mistakenly thought to be carrying drugs, killing two US citizens.