Wars in Ukraine and Sudan, and the Afghanistan crisis, have forced millions to flee in search of safety.

The number of people displaced around the world has reached a record 110 million, with the wars in Ukraine and Sudan forcing millions from their homes, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has said.

About 19 million people were forced to flee last year – the biggest annual jump on record – lifting the total to 108.4 million by the end of last year, UNHCR said in its annual report released on Wednesday.

The number has since risen to 110 million, mostly due to Sudan’s eight-week-old conflict, UN refugee chief Filippo Grandi told reporters.

“It’s quite an indictment on the state of our world to have to report that,” he said at a Geneva press conference.

The number includes people seeking safety within their own countries as well as those who have crossed borders.

“Solutions to these movements are increasingly difficult to even imagine, to even put on the table,” he said. “We are in a very polarised world, where international tensions play out all the way into humanitarian issues.”

Before the Syria conflict in 2011, there were about 40 million refugees and internally displaced people, a number that had remained stable for about 20 years, according to the agency’s Forced Displacement report. But the number has risen each year since.

Grandi blamed “the usual package of causes” for displacing ever more people – conflict, persecution, discrimination, violence and climate change.

Of the total refugees and those needing international protection, about half of them came from just three countries: Syria, Ukraine and Afghanistan, the report said.

Grandi raised concerns about tougher rules on admitting refugees and push-backs, without naming countries.

“We see increasingly a reluctance on the part of states to fully adhere to the principles of the (1951 refugee) convention, even states that have signed it,” Grandi told the Reuters news agency on the sidelines of the briefing.

However, he was upbeat about some developments, namely a deal reached by European Union ministers last week on sharing responsibility for migrants and refugees.

“There are issues of some concern. By and large however, I think it’s a positive step,” he said. “We’re so happy that the Europeans agree on something.”

He also praised Kenya which he said is looking for new solutions for the half million refugees it hosts, including many who have fled poverty and drought in the Horn of Africa.