Blake Lizotte, Trevor Moore and Quinton Byfield also scored for Los Angeles. Joonas Korpisalo made 26 saves, and the Kings improved to 6-0-1 in their past seven games.
Pierre Engvall and Jean-Gabriel Pageau each had a goal, but the Islanders have dropped their past two games following three straight wins as part of a five-game point streak. Ilya Sorokin allowed four goals on 36 shots.
The Kings took charge on special teams after the Islanders lost their composure early in the second when Matt Martin was penalized for unsportsmanlike conduct after his involvement in a scrum. Following a subsequent kneeing call against Zach Parise, Doughty buried a one-timer set up by Anze Kopitar during the 5-on-3 power play for a 2-1 lead.
Iafallo made it 3-1 one minute later, tapping in the rebound after Viktor Arvidsson hit the post for his 10th goal of the season.
That was enough for Los Angeles to continue its home-ice dominance, posting a 10-3-1 record since the start of 2023. In their past eight outings at Crypto.com Arena, the lone blemish for the Kings was a shootout loss to Nashville on Saturday.