The Brit wore tape on her left ankle – which was hurt 11 days ago in Auckland – but she showed no signs of discomfort or physical woes as she overcame rookie Tamara Korpatsch on Melbourne Park.
The 20-year-old prevailed 6-3 6-2 in 85 minutes on the 1573 Arena against an opponent making her debut in the main draw of this self-styled Happy Slam.
Raducanu is clearly a big draw in these parts as there were few empty seats to be found but it was a turgid affair with 59 unforced errors and eight breaks of serve across the two sets.
Wearing a groovy new Nike outfit that retails for £106, Raducanu looked a bit tentative striking the backhand but otherwise would have been pleased with her progress on the opening day of the event.
She was aggressive in her approach and succeeded a few times with the drop shot.
In her corner was new coach Sebastian Sachs and the German represents the fifth different official appointment she has worked with at the Slams.
In the second set, Raducanu requested an ice towel to cool herself down and was seen using an air conditioning tube as the heat started to increase.
Gauff, 18, will represent a considerably tougher examination of her tennis form and the strength of that foot, which has required rest and rehabbing since she slipped over on it in the New Zealand city.
Only twice in her previous six Slam appearances has Raducanu gone past the second round and she has never beaten a player of Gauff’s calibre before.
Though Gauff had difficulties closing out the contest on the Rod Laver Arena – she finally won through on her seventh match point – it was an otherwise gentle stroll in the early-afternoon Aussie sunshine.
A 6-1 6-4 victory over Czech star Katerina Siniakova means Gauff remains unbeaten so far in 2023.
The American won the ASB Classic last week and heads into this latest encounter as the favourite to go through.
Gauff, who lost to Iga Swiatek in the 2022 French Open final, is two years younger than the Kent pro but has vastly more experience and playing time on the WTA circuit.
Elsewhere, Kyle Edmund was thumped 6-4 6-0 6-2 by Italian No.15 seed Jannik Sinner on the John Cain Arena.
The Brit – who is slowly making a return from persistent knee problems – was playing in the draw thanks to his protected ranking status.
The 28-year-old faces a long, gradual road back to fitness and he would have been cursing his luck that he had to face such an elite performer in the opening contest rather than someone much lower down the rankings.