Aid groups say more than 100 migrants and refugees, who are seeking asylum in the US, were transported from Texas, in what critics have decried as a political stunt.

The move may be part of a continued political effort by Republicans, such as Texas Governor Greg Abbott, to send a political message about migration to the Democrat administration of United States President Joe Biden.

Approximately 110-130 of the migrants and refugees seeking asylum in the US, many of them families with children, were placed on buses by Texas officials, said Tatiana Laborde, managing director of SAMU First Response, a relief agency working with the city of Washington, DC, and left in freezing temperatures.

Laborde said aid groups had been informed of their journey and awaited their arrival late on Saturday to hand out blankets and then transport them to a church in the city’s Capitol Hill neighbourhood. Some of the migrants and refugees were wearing T-shirts despite temperatures hovering about -9 degrees Celsius (15 degrees Fahrenheit).

Aides to Abbott were not available to comment on whether the state coordinated their transport. His office said last week that Texas has given bus rides to more than 15,000 people since April to Washington, DC, New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

Abbott and Arizona Governor Doug Ducey, a fellow Republican, are strong critics of Biden on his handling of the US-Mexico border, where thousands of people are trying to cross daily, many to seek asylum.

Officials on both sides of the border are seeking emergency help in setting up shelters and services for migrants and refugees, some of whom are sleeping on the streets.

Republicans argue Biden and Harris, designated the administration’s point person on the root causes of migration, have relaxed restrictions that induced many people to leave their countries of origin.

Biden has ended some policies but kept others enacted by former President Donald Trump, whose administration also grappled with spikes in border crossings and at one point separated immigrant families and children as a deterrence initiative.

White House spokesman Abdullah Hasan called the bus drop-offs a “cruel, dangerous, and shameful stunt”.

Laborde said in the past week, nine busloads of migrants and refugees have been dropped off in Washington, DC.

“Lately, what we’ve been seeing is an increase in people from Ecuador and Colombia,” Laborde said. Previously, many Venezuelans had been arriving by bus, she added.

Many of the most recent arrivals, Laborde added, are now attempting to go to New York or New Jersey where they have relatives or other community support.